pendent children. In coöperation with The Children's Code Commission and The Department of Public Welfare of Georgia an investigation was made in 1924 of dependency, delinquency, and child protection in that state. Adoption laws have likewise been summarized.

Juvenile Courts. The methods of juvenile courts and the problems of juvenile delinquency have been studied extensively. The following publications on these subjects have been issued: Courts in the United States Hearing Children's Cases-a general survey of the situation in 1918; Children Before the Courts in Connecticut; Juvenile Delinquency in Rural New York; Juvenile Delinquency in Certain Countries at War; A Summary of Juvenile Court Legislation in the United States; Probation in Children's Courts; The Practical Value of Scientific Study of Juvenile Delinquents; The Legal Aspect of the Juvenile Court; The Federal Courts and the Delinquent Child; The Chicago Juvenile Court; and List of References on Juvenile Courts and Probation in the United States and a Selected List of Foreign Refer

ences.

A field study has been made and a report was issued in 1925 on the procedure, organization, and methods of work of ten courts in different parts of the country. In 1921, in coöperation with the National Probation Association, a conference was held on Juvenile-Court Standards. The final report of a committee on standards appointed at that time was approved by the third conference, in 1923, and has been published under the title "Juvenile-Court Standards." An investigation of domestic-relations courts was in progress in 1925, to include: (1) An analysis of the laws of the forty-eight states with reference to jurisdiction, procedure, and provision for probation service; (2) a statistical study of

about 12,000 families in Cincinnati and Philadelphia, showing the extent to which the same family is dealt with in different types of cases and the inter-relationships of courts and social agencies in such cases; and (3) studies of the organization and case-work methods of courts in those cities which have attempted special court organization for dealing with family problems.

Child Welfare Commissions. The Child Welfare Commission movement has come in for special attention from the Social Service Division and much material has been supplied for use in the work of the various state commissions for the study and revision of child welfare laws. In 1924 a pamphlet on this subject (Publication No. 131) was issued. At that time there were twenty-nine such commissions in existence and the Children's Bureau was in active coöperation with those in Georgia, as previously stated; in Kentucky, where assistance was given in preparing legislative recommendations; and in Pennsylvania, where the Bureau was making a study of dependency and delinquency in selected counties, the findings of which the commission planned to use in preparing recommendations to the 1925 session of the legislature.

Miscellaneous Studies and Investigations. The Bureau has undertaken various other studies and investigations on the subject of the general welfare of children, one of the early ones being concerned with recreation facilities for children in the District of Columbia, made at the request of the President of the Board of District. Commissioners. A campaign for wider recreational opportunities was a feature of the Children's Year program.

During the fiscal year 1923 a specialist in recreation was added to the Bureau staff, in order that in the

See page 23.

future this part of the Bureau's work may be greatly extended. A Brief Manual of Games for Organized Play Adapted from Standard Sources was prepared in connection with the Porto Rican survey, and a handbook of games for blind children was in preparation in 1925. A study of public amusements for children was under way in 1925.

The first of a projected series of studies of the welfare of children in the insular possessions of the United States has recently been made in Porto Rico, where it took the form of a Children's Year Survey in 1922, with follow-up work in 1923. In addition to investigating conditions on the island the representatives sent by the Bureau to Porto Rico assisted in developing activities to improve the health and well-being of children. An insular division of child health was established, health teaching was introduced in the schools, child-welfare activities were stimulated through "baby weeks," and games and athletics for school children were developed. A report on the Porto Rico Survey was issued in 1923.

For several years the Bureau has been obtaining from state officials, current information on legislation relating to child welfare which was pending before the various state legislatures. This information, data on bills before Congress pertaining to child welfare, reviews of current books, and items from English and foreign language periodicals dealing with child welfare have been given in the weekly News Summary, issued in mimeographed form by the Bureau and distributed to organizations interested in these subjects. Action taken on state child welfare legislation has been summarized in the annual reports of the Chief of the Bureau for the fiscal years 1923 and 1924.

CHAPTER III

ORGANIZATION

The work of the Children's Bureau is carried on through the following administrative units:

Office of the Chief

Office of the Assistant to the Chief

Social Service Division

Child Hygiene Division

Industrial Division

Editorial Division

Statistical Division

Maternity and Infant Hygiene Division

Each division is supervised by a director and an associate director.

Office of the Chief. The Chief of the Bureau, with the help of the assistant to the chief and the directors of the divisions, plans the work and decides the policies to be followed. Sometimes special survey units involving the coöperation of several divisions work under the direct supervision of the Chief.

Office of the Assistant to the Chief. Under the Assistant to the Chief come the general administration of the Bureau, the correspondence section, the filing section, and general assistance to the Chief in planning and executing the work of the Bureau.

The Administrative Section is in charge of the finances, supplies, and personnel records.

The Correspondence Section answers general routine correspondence which does not have reference to any special division, and supplies stenographic and typing service for all the divisions.

The Filing Section files all the Bureau correspondence. Special surveys or investigations of a general character which do not come under any single division are under the direct supervision of the Chief or the Assistant to the Chief.

Social Service Division. The Social Service Division was organized in November, 1914. The work relates to children in need of special care-the dependent, the delinquent, and the mentally or physically handicapped. The activities of the division include research and investigation of problems relating to dependent, defective, and delinquent children; methods in use by institutions and agencies; the problems and methods of work of courts dealing with children; legislation needed for the protection of children; the work of state and other governmental agencies for children in need of special care. There are maintained a current index of references to articles and reports within the scope of the division's work, an index of agencies and institutions and compilations and digests of legislation. The personnel varies with the work undertaken.

Child Hygiene Division. The Child Hygiene Division was established in October, 1914. It consists of a Director who is a physician, an Associate Director and a research assistant (also physicians), a field staff of doctors and public health nurses, and a clerical force.

The Child Hygiene Division serves in an advisory capacity to the other divisions on all matters pertaining