bor Smith and the rest of the boys together and they form a Neighborhood Improvement Association. They hold meetings in the hall over Brown's drug store and keep things moving in their part of the city. They clean up the back yards and vacant lots; they plant flowers; they muzzle the dogs. What they can't do themselves they petition the city

collective. "The individual dwindles and the world is more and more." That means that the individual reaches his growth and development less and less through separate, individual effort and more and more through association with his fellows. A city is a collective unit. It is a large family living under many roofs instead of one. City Planning means that this large and ever growing family must plan its house, its home. It can rebuild or remodel the house but it cannot move, even to save rent. This particular house is the only home this. particular family will ever have.

This being the case, City Planning urges that this city family use its best brains with shrewd foresight. It is to look to the health of all the family, not a few, for where one is sick, none is safe. So drainage, swamps, water supply, sewage disposal, and clean streets and premises are of supreme importance. Then there is the motto of "Safety First", and no intelligent community family will long endure the unnecessary menace of flood or fire. The children of the family must be educated--but that is a volume in itself. Then civic centers, factories, residence districts, parks, and streets will be arranged with an eye to convenience, just as a dining room is made accessible from the kitchen. In a wellplanned private house the sink is not put in the parlor, nor the bay window over the back porch. In a word, City In a word, City Planning means that a city should be intelligently arranged to meet all the needs of all the people all the time.

At the close of the American revolution only three per cent of the population of this country lived in the cities. Today our urban population is nearly

fifty per cent. Traditionally, we have thought in terms of the country, regarding the city as a more or less negligible accident. Some sentimentalist told us, a long time ago, that "God made the country, and man made the town." And since man made the town the implication is obvious. Nevertheless, whatever its faults, so many of us live in it, and shall live in it, that the city has come to be looked upon, not as a blot upon the fair face of the country to be patiently tolerated, but relatively of vast importance and as both enormous in bulk and almost baffling in the intricate problems it has brought with it. The city has become a stupendous fact in our modern civilization.

We no sooner get our mental base lines established and and our thought formulas agreed upon than evolution upsets them and we have to find new points of departure and a new set of maxims. And the little, straggling, illsmelling town of a century or so ago, by river or harbor, has become a great center of population. It is to make the place where this great community lives and must live, clean and healthful, a fit abode for human beings, that City Planning aims.

The city of the future will not be a municipal chaos. It will be a carefullyorganized whole in which each will depend upon all. It will not live wholly in today. It will plan for tomorrow. While allowing full scope for private enterprise it will curb private greed. It will do what the rest of society will eventually have to do-it will introduce the human element into our commercial civilization, helping to humanize the world.

A

sey City, New Jer-
sey, is engaged in a
curious profession,
that of building card-
board models of houses
from architects' plans. They
are tiny houses, constructed only

after the most careful figuring, and every section is precisely marked out before the miniature house is started.

Miss Barnes is a sort of architect's interpreter, for she builds the models so that everybody can see exactly what the finished house will look like from every angle, thus preventing misunderstandings and expensive alterations after the actual building has been commenced; for to the lay mind the plans of the architect are often misleading. and the completed house does not look at all as the owners expected it to look.

When a child this girl spent all of

MODELS FROM ARCHI-
TECT'S PLANS

She calls herself an architectural interpreter, for she translates the language of India ink drawings into cardboard houses so that the bridal couple may know what their new home is to look like.

her play time drawing pictures of doll houses and, afterwards, she began to build them of

pasteboard. Of course, they were flimsy affairs at first. Later she began to color her little houses, and otherwise improve them.

Soon this became more than mere play and Miss Barnes developed her talent by lessons in painting with oils and water colors. Now her models of cardboard and composition are really works of art. The cement, the stone. the brick, the shingles, the stucco are imitated faithfully, and colored like the originals; the windows are of isinglass. Often there are window boxes with flowers, tiny palms here and there on the porches, awnings at the windows,