TABLE 26 VALUE OF UNITED STATES EXPORTS TO CUBA, Commodity ANIMAL AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS, Edible Value Dollars Meat and meat products. 9,082,509 TABLE 26 (Continued) VALUE OF UNITED STATES EXPORTS TO CUBA, Commodity NON-METALLIC MINERALS Petroleum and products. Value Dollars 18,643,043 Stone, cement and lime. 1,720,407 Glass and products. 8,582,600 Clay and products. 4,160,215 Other products 3,313,735 SOURCE: United States Department of Commerce. 1 Exclusive of commodities in “special category" for which data are withheld by the 4.213.639 23,868,934 2,775,815 539,757,468 Government for security reasons. United States Is Leading Customer of Cuba-Over the years, Cuba, the largest producer of sugar, has found the United States, the largest consumer of sugar, to be its best market. From 1866 to 1895, the United States received an annual average of about 587,000 tons of sugar from Cuba, according to figures published by the United States Department of Agriculture, or nearly 52 per cent. of all the sugar consumed here during that period. During the war with Spain, Cuban sugar supplies for the United States declined to about 397,000 tons annually, or 17 per cent of this country's supply. The dependence of the United States on Cuban production for a major share of its sugar was obvious even during this period when Cuban sugar received no tariff preference in the United States market. From 1902 through 1951, Cuba has exported about $14,200,000,000 worth of goods, of which the United States bought about $10,500,000,000, or approximately 75 per cent. Sugar and its by-products accounted for by far the greatest proportion of these purchases from Cuba by the United States. The value of Cuba's visible exports to the United States prior to 1948 was nearly always greater than the value of her visible imports from this country. The difference was in substantial part made up by the balance of invisible trade items between the two countries, although exact figures covering such trade are not available. Invisible trade includes numerous items such as payments for ocean freight and insurance, interest on crop loans, and returns on the substantial United States investments in Cuba. Total commercial transactions, exclusive of gold, silver and items TABLE 27 VALUE OF NON-CAPITAL TRANSACTIONS 1 Includes merchandise paid for by the United States but shipped elsewhere. 2 Includes diplomatic and consular services. representing capital investments, between the United States and Cuba were not far from being in balance in 1948, as shown in Table 27. The income received in Cuba from transactions with the United States ex TABLE 28 QUANTITY OF SUGAR EXPORTED FROM CUBA TO THE UNITED STATES, UNITED KINGDOM AND OTHER COUNTRIES, 1902 TO 1951 QUANTITY OF RAW AND REFINED SUGAR EXPORTED, SHORT TONS NOTE: The distribution of exports of refined sugar between the United States, United Kingdom and other countries is incomplete for certain years. 1 Less than 500 tons. 2 During these years the United States Government purchased substantially all the sugar produced in Cuba and the distribution of exports was controlled by international agencies of which the United States was a member. The 1942 and 1944 exports of raw sugar to the United States and total exports of raw sugar include the sugar equivalent of invert molasses made in those years at the direction of the United States, amounting to 717,000 tons in 1942 and 908,000 tons in 1944. 3 Preliminary. ceeded Cuban expenditures here by only about $14,000,000 or 2.5 per cent of total Cuban expenditures in the United States. Cuban receipts from the sale of merchandise to the United States in 1948 totaled $505,000,000 as compared with $366,000,000 worth of Cuban goods actually sent here. The difference, about $139,000,000, is largely accounted for by the purchase of Cuban sugar by the United States Government for use in occupied areas in Europe and Asia and by shipments of sugar to. other countries paid for with funds supplied by the United States through the ECA. This situation has generally continued since 1948, although exact figures are not available. In addition to merchandise Cubans received more from the United States than they paid to this country for services and commissions. These represent largely fees earned in Cuba in connection with its merchandise trade with the United States. Both freight and insurance involved net payments from Cuba to the United States in 1948. Personal remittances to Cubans in the United States and their travel expenses were nearly $20,000,000 larger than similar payments from the United States to Cuba. Returns to this country on United States investments in Cuba were the largest single factor offsetting the gain to Cuba from their larger merchandise sales. From 1902 through 1906, after Cuba had become an independent nation, its exports of sugar averaged about 1,150,000 tons a year, nearly all of which came to the United States, as shown in Table 28. These exports gradually increased until they exceeded 5,500,000 tons in 1922 and averaged almost 5,000,000 tons for the 8-year period 1922-1929. About fourfifths of the sugar exported in this period was shipped to the United States. Exports to the United Kingdom were about 13 per cent of the total and those to other countries 7 per cent. Annual exports of sugar from Cuba in the quota years 1934-1941 averaged about 2,900,000 tons, 42 per cent less than for the period 1922-1929. Exports to the United States during the quota period averaged a little over 2,000,000 tons, or 72 per cent of the total. Exports to the United Kingdom accounted for only about one-fifth of the total and those to other countries about 8 per cent. Cuba's total exports of sugar rose to more than 4,000,000 tons per year in 1943-1947, when quotas were inoperative. The United States. received about 82 per cent of the total, the United Kingdom 11 per cent, and other countries 7 per cent. During the three years 1948-1950 Cuba's total exports of sugar averaged nearly 6,000,000 tons per year. With quotas again in operation, exports to the United States amounted to about 53 per cent of the total. Shipments to the United Kingdom amounted to 16 per cent with 31 per |