DETROIT-DEUS EX MACHINA for the sixth circuit, the district court for the eastern district of Michigan, the Wayne County circuit court, and local courts. The principal officials of the Lake Survey and the depart ment in charge of the lake lighthouses have their offices here. The city's limit of borrowing is 2 per cent of its assessed valuation; which was about $260,000,000 in 1910. The tax rate was 1.84, against 2.13 of the last U. S. census. The net debt was $7.296.481.47. The banks of the city on 15 July 1901 consisted of 8 national, 14 savings banks, 2 trust companies, and 2 private banks. The joint-stock banks reported $96,553,247 resources, $7,850,000 capital, $2,076,000 surplus, and $80,221,322 deposits. Population. Detroit's figures since the first census taken 1820, are as follows: 1820, 1,422; 1830, 2,222; 1840, 9.102; 1850, 21,019; 1860, 45.619; 1870, 79.577; 1880, 116,340; 1890, 205,876; 1900, 285,704. Of these, 189,201 were native born; 96.503 foreign; 4,111 were colored. The total of foreign and those with foreign-born parents was 184,892; and the native white population of native parentage was but 61,309. But as about 32,000 of the foreign-born were English of England or Canada, and others from Scotland, Ireland, etc., the English element is about 100.000. Population (1910) 465,766. History. The white man first visited Detroit, so far as records show, about 1655, and the first map of the region was published in 1656. The first settlement was made 24 July 1701, by Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac (q.v.), who had been governor of Michillimackinac, and wished to establish a permanent post for the centre of French power and commerce in the Northwest. He built Fort Pontchartrain, and settled it with 50 soldiers and 50 colonists. At the close of the French and Indian war, on 29 Nov. 1760, Maj. Robert Rogers took the place from the French commandant, Capt. Beletre, by order from the Marquis of Vaudreuil; the garrison were sent off as prisoners, but the Canadian inhabitants were allowed to retain their farms by swearing allegiance to the British crown. The first act of Pontiac's conspiracy in 1763 was to attempt seizing Detroit; but he was foiled, and after a desperate siege from 9 May to 12 October, heroically sustained by Maj. Gladwyn, the post was relieved, alone of all the western forts. In 1778 there were about 300 inhabitants, living mostly in log cabins, with a Roman Catholic Church; in that year the British built Fort Lernault, renamed Fort Shelby by the Americans on obtaining it, which was not till 1796. As part of the Northwest Territory, it came under the Ordinance of 1787, and in 1802 was incorporated as a town, but in 1805 was obliterated by fire except two buildings. It was rebuilt, and became the capital of Michigan Territory. In the War of 1812, William Hull surrendered it to the British under Isaac Brock on threat of a general massacre of the inhabitants by Brock's Indians. Hull was court-martialed for this act. The British, however, evacuated it the next year, and the Americans reoccupied it 20 September. It was incorporated as a village in 1815 and as a city in 1824. It remained the capital of the Territory till 1837, when Michigan became a State; then of the new State till 1847. Detroit celebrated its centennial 24 July 1901. Consult: Farmer, 'History of Detroit and Michigan' (1889), and Detroit' in Historic Towns of the Western States' (1901); Burton, Cadillac's Village' (1896); Parkman, Conspiracy of Pontiac' (1867); Landmarks of Detroit,' Ross and Catlin (1898). C. M. BURTON. Author and Historian. Detroit, Minn., county-seat of Beaker County; on Detroit Lake, and the Northern Pacific Railroad; about 200 miles northwest of St. Paul. The town is the trade centre of a rich agricultural district, and a popular summer resort because of its situation in the beautiful lake region of Minnesota. Pop. 2,200. Detroit River, a river or strait which connects Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie, and forms part of the boundary between the United States and Canada. Detroit is the French word for strait; and the name was given by the French, the first white men who settled here. Its course is nearly south, with slow current, and sufficient depth of water for the navigation of large vessels. It is 25 miles long and three fourths of a mile wide opposite the city of Detroit, where it forms an excellent harbor. The tonnage passing through this river exceeds in volume that passing through any other river in the world. Dettingen, dět'ting-en, Germany, the name of several places in Germany, but the only one particularly deserving of notice is a village of Bavaria, on the Main, nine miles northwest of Aschaffenburg. It is noted for the victory gained in 1743 by the English and Austrians under George II. of England over the French under Marshal Noailles, in the war of the Austrian succession. Deucalion, du-kä'li-on, in Greek mythology, father of Hellen, ancestor of the Hellenes or Greeks, was the son of Prometheus and was king of Phthia. The following is the myth with which his name is connected. Zeus, it is said, determining to destroy mankind by water, on account of their impiety, brought a flood upon the earth, by means of a violent rain; Deucalion saved himself and his wife Pyrrha by building a wooden vessel which floated safely to the top of Mount Parnassus. After the flood had subsided they consulted the oracle of Themis to know what they must do to repair the loss of mankind, and were directed to veil their faces and throw behind them the bones of their mother. Understanding their mother to signify the earth, and her bones the stones, they did as the oracle directed. The stones thrown by Deucalion became men and those thrown by Pyrrha became women. Deus, Joao de Rogueira Ramos, zhō-own roo-ja'rä rä-mosh da da-oosh, Portuguese lyric poet: b. Sao Bartolomeu de Messines, province of Algarve, 8 March 1830. He is regarded by his countrymen as introducer of a new era of Portuguese poetry. National spirit, originality, sensibility, and rhythmic melody characterize his poems. They are published in 'Field-flowers (1870); 'A Branch of Blooms' (1870); etc. Deus Ex Machina, dē-ŭs ěks mǎk'i-na ("a god out of the machine"), a Latin phrase used to designate some unknown supernatural cause introduced to explain phenomena that one is not able to account for by natural means; or applied to some extraordinary and unlookedfor agency introduced to solve a difficulty or the like. The phrase is taken from the practice DOOKS ше remateucn, so caned from its consisting in part of a restatement of the law as already given in Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers. It contains also, in addition to special commands and admonitions not previously given, an account of the death of Moses. This book presents the third and latest phase of the development of the Mosaic legislation. Its great aim is to check the encroachments of idolatry, and to concentrate the national worship in the great sanctuary at Jerusalem, especially at the three annual festivals. It is instinct with the prophetic spirit, and lays stress on the great commandment to love and fear God with the whole heart as the sum of the law. It is supposed by many critics that the book of the law found by Hilkiah, the high priest, in the house of the Lord during Josiah's reign (II. Kings xxii. 8-13) consisted of the larger portion of Deuteronomy. It may be divided into (1) four parting addresses of Moses to the Israelites in the plains of Moab, ch. i.-xxx.; (2) the charge to Joshua and to the priests, with the committal of the book of the law to the keeping of the latter, and his song, xxxi.-xxxii. 47; and (3) three appendices, namely, (a) announcement to Moses of his approaching death, xxxii. 48-52, (b) the poem conveying his blessing on the tribes of Israel, ch. xxxiii., and (c) an account of his death, ch. xxxiv. The authorship of this book has been traditionally assigned to Moses, with the exception of the few concluding verses which narrate his death, and which by many of the conservative school of theologians have been ascribed to Ezra. Of late years much critical labor has been bestowed on this and the four preceding books, constituting the Pentateuch, and the Mosaic authorship of the whole has been both assailed and defended with considerable learning and ability. See PENTATEUCH. Deutoplasm. See EMBRYOLOGY. Deutsch, doich, Emanuel Oscar Menahem, German Orientalist: b. Neisse, Silesia, 28 Oct. 1829; d. Alexandria, Egypt, 12 May 1873. His education was obtained at the University of Berlin and in 1855 he went to England to fill an appointment in the library of the British Museum, where for 15 years he studied and wrote. He is best known by his brilliant article on the Talmud' in the Quarterly Review' (1867), to which he also contributed an article on Islam (1869). He was a valued contributor to the first edition of Chambers' Encyclopædia, for which he wrote nearly 200 articles, A volume of his 'Literary Remains, sketch of his life was published in 1874. > with Deutsch, Gotthard, American Hebrew scholar: b. Kanitz, Austria, 31 Jan. 1859. He was graduated from the University of Virginia in 1881. He is professor of Hebrew at Union College, Cincinnati. Besides his scholarly works, "Symbolik in Cultus'; 'Theory of Oral Tradition'; and Philosophy of Jewish History,' he has published 'Andere Zeiten,' a novel. 17,782. པ་་་ Deutzia, doit'si-a or di in honor of the Dutch botan of plants of the natural o containing seven or eight s Some of the species are cul are interesting for the beau as hothouse flowers, or orna nearest relatives growing w States are the syringas. Th shrubs indigenous to Chin northern India. They are stellate hairs, on which a (D. scraba) is used by joine wood. The flowers are arra the lilac. Deux-ponts, dė-pôn, the the German town of Zwe Bipontium, all which names There was formerly a county took its name from this tow the Bavarian Palatinate. erected into a duchy. By ville (1801) the duchy was left bank of the Rhine, to F composed a part of the dep nersberg. It contained 70 760 square miles. By the p it was restored to Germany. Deva, da'va (Lat. deus Aryans in general, an epith and things; hence often op the Parsees. It is comm goddess Durga, the wife of and irascible temper. D mother of Krishna, who is Devataru is the holy fig-tree or paradise. Devata denote the younger brother of Bu Devadattarraja (Deodatus is a name of Brahma; De god of the sky; Devayajna i sacrifice; Devarishi a ce are a great many classes devatās, who are ministers such as the 12 Adityas or f Maruts or winds, the cel short, endless motley hosts butes. See BRAHMA. Devanâg'arî, dã-va-nä script of the gods"), the c understood by Hindu scho skrit works are usually pri Roman letters. See SANSI Devaprayaga, dă-vä-pr yag, India, a sacred city the district of Garhwal, on a mountain side, 2,266 the fork of the Alaknanda which join to form the C possesses a notable templ place of pilgrimage. |