and that it apparently contains no valuable deposits of gold, silver, cinnabar, copper, or coal; and upon payment to the proper officer of the purchase money of said land, together with the fees of the Register and the Receiver, as provided for in case of mining claims in the twelfth section of the Act, approved May tenth, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, the applicant may be permitted to enter said tract, and, on the transmission of the General Land Office of the papers and testimony in the case, a patent shall issue thereon; provided, that any person having a valid claim to any portion of the land may object, in writing, to the issuance of a patent to lands so held by him, stating the nature of his claim thereto; and evidence shall be taken, and the merits of said objection shall be determined by the officers of the Land Office, subject to appeal, as in other land cases. Effect shall be given to the foregoing provisions of this Act by regulations to be prescribed by the Commissioner of the General Land Office. SEC. 4. That after the passage of this Act it shall be unlawful to cut, or cause or procure to be cut, or wantonly destroy any timber growing on any lands of the United States, in said States and Territory, or remove, or cause to be removed, any timber from said public lands, with intent to export or dispose of the same; and no owner, master, or consignee of any vessel, or owner, director, or agent of any railroad, shall knowingly transport the same, or any lumber manufactured therefrom; and any person violating the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, shall be fined for every such offense a sum not less than one hundred nor more than one thousand dollars; provided, that nothing herein contained shall prevent any miner or agriculturist from clearing his land in the ordinary working of his mining claim, or preparing his farm for tillage, or from taking the timber necessary to support his improvements, or the taking of timber for the use of the United States; and the penalties herein provided shall not take effect until ninety days after the passage of this Áct. SEC. 5. That any person prosecuted in said States and Territory for violating section two thousand four hundred and sixty-one of the Revised Statutes of the United States, who is not prosecuted for cutting timber for export from the United States, may be relieved from further prosecution and liability therefor upon payment, into the Court wherein such action is pending, of the sum of two dollars and fifty cents per acre for all lands on which he shall have cut, or caused to be cut, timber, or removed, or caused to be removed, the same; provided, that nothing contained in this section shall be construed as granting to the person hereby relieved, the title to said lands for said payment; but he shall have the right to purchase the same upon the same terms and conditions as other persons, as provided hereinbefore in this Act; and further provided, that all moneys collected under this Act shall be covered into the Treasury of the United States, and section four thousand seven hundred and fifty-one of the Revised Statutes is hereby repealed, so far as it relates to the States and Territory herein named. SEC. 6. That all Acts and parts of Acts inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed. TO FIND THE VALUE OF GOLD OR SILVER OF A SPECIMEN. (By C. H. AARON.) There are many rules for ascertaining the proportion of gold in specimens, all based on the different densities of the specimens as a whole, of the gold, and of the quartz. The specific gravity of the gold and of the quartz is generally assumed, the former at 17 to 19, the latter at 2.6. That of the specimen is found by weighing it in air and in water, and dividing its weight in air by the difference. In this case, the easiest rule to remember is this: Divide the specific gravity of the gold by that of the quartz and by that of the specimen. From the greater quotient subtract the lesser; the remainder is the proportion of gold. From the lesser quotient subtract 1; the remainder is the proportion of quartz. Then as the sum of these proportional quantities is to the proportion of gold, so is the weight of the specimen to the actual quantity of gold in it. Suppose a specimen weighs 32 ounces in air and 28 ounces in water; the difference is 4, and 32 divided by 4 gives 8, which is the specific gravity of the specimen. If the specific gravity of the gold is assumed to be 17, and that of the quartz 2.6, we have 17 divided by 2.6, gives 6.539 nearly, and 17 divided by 8 gives 2.125. Subtracting the lesser quotient from the greater leaves 4.414, and subtracting 1 from the lesser leaves 1.125, and the proportion is 4.414 ounces of gold to 1.125 of quartz. Adding these together we have 5.539. Now it is a mere question in the rule of three. If 5.539 ounces of the specimen contain 4.414 ounces of gold, how much does the whole specimen weighing 32 ounces contain? Answer, 25.5 ounces. This is correct provided the assumed specific gravities of the gold and gangue are correct; but if greater accuracy be desired, proceed thus: Weigh the specimen, a piece of the metal, and a piece of the gangue, each in air and water. Divide the difference between the respective weights in air and in water by the weights in air. From the greater quotient subtract the next less, and from that the least. The first remainder is the proportional weight of the metal, the second is that of the gangue; the sum of these is that of the specimen. Having the actual weight of the specimen, that of the metal is easily found, as before, by the rule of three. Suppose a specimen of native silver in spar weighs 84 pounds in air and 73.5 in water; a piece of the silver weighs 27 grains in air and 24 in water; a piece of the spar 20 in air and 12 in water. Then Then 289:275::84:79.93 pounds of silver in specimen. The weight of the object in air divided by its difference in water is the specific gravity. The difference divided by the weight in air is the specific displacement. From either of these, the proportional quantities of two different substances composing a mixture can be determined by the rules given for the valuation of specimens. 12 mi TABLES. The following tables and figures are taken from "Practical Hydraulics," by P. M. Randall: QUANTITY OF WATER REQUIRED FOR QUARTZ MINING. The contents of one ton of quartz, in its normal condition in the lode, is estimated at 13 cubic feet, and at 20 cubic feet when the quartz is broken, as it usually comes from the mine. Adopting the lode measurement, it is seen that a cubic yard of quartz is 27+13=2.08 tons, nearly. Experience shows that the duty of a miner's inch is as follows: Duty of a miner's inch (under 4-inch pressure) in the reduction and amalgamation of silver ores in a "stamp silver mill," Nevada, 3.25 cubic yards, or 6.76 tons; in the reduction and amalgamation by riffles, or copper plate, in "stamp gold mill." California, 5.78 cubic yards, or 12 tons. Duty of miner's inch under 7-inch pressure, in the former case (silver), 4.3 cubic yards, or 8.93 tons; in the latter case (gold), 6.65 cubic yards, or 15.88 tons. The volume of water to that of ore is, in working silver ores, Nevada, 19.5 to 1; in working gold ores, California, 11.1 to 1; in working copper ores, Lake Superior, 20 to 1. MEASUREMENT OF THE POWER OF WATER AS A MOTOR. The unit in the measurement of power is a foot-pound-that is, the amount of energy necessary to raise one pound weight vertically through a distance of one foot. On the other hand, one pound falling by the force of gravity through a distance of one foot, generates a foot-pound. The amount of energy required to raise one pound vertically 550 feet, is equal to the amount of energy necessary to raise 550 pounds vertically one foot in height. This amount of energy rendered in one second is termed a horse-power-that is, 550 foot-pounds rendered in one second, is the value of a horse-power in mechanics. The weight of a cubic foot of fresh water is estimated in practice at 62.5 pounds. Ex.-How many horse-power will 10 cubic feet of water, applied to an overshot water wheel, 40 feet diameter, render, the efficiency of the wheel being 75 per cent, and one foot being allowed for clearance? Cal.— 40-1=39 feet, effective head; 62.5× 10× 39×.75÷550-33.24 horse-power. Ans. MISCELLANIES. One cubic foot of distilled water (U. S. standard), barometer 30 inches, 39.83° Fahr., equals 62.3793 pounds. One cubic foot of distilled water (British standard), barometer 30 inches, 62° Fahr., equals 62.321 pounds. One cubic foot of distilled water (U. S. standard), equals 7.48052 gallons. One cubic inch of distilled water (U. S. standard), equals 0.0361 pounds. One gallon (U. S. standard), equals 231 cubic inches, equals 0.133681 cubic feet, equals 8.3389 pounds water. One gallon, imperial (British standard), equals 277.123 cubic inches, equals 0.160372 cubic feet, equal 10 pounds water. One gallon (N. Y. statute measure), barometer 30 inches, 39.83° Fahr., equals 221.184 cubic inches, equals 8 pounds water. One pound avoirdupois equals 16 ounces, equals 7,000 grains (U. S.. standard), equals 27.7015 cubic inches. One pound troy equals 1 pound apothecary, equals 12 ounces, equals 5,760 grains. One ounce avoirdupois equals 437.5 grains. One ounce troy equals one ounce apothecary, equals 480 grains. One chain equals 100 links, equals 4 rods, equals 66 feet, equals 792 inches. Eighty chains equal 1 statute mile, equals 320 rods, equals 1,760 yards, equals 5,280 feet, equals 63,260 inches. One geographical, nautical, or sea mile equals 6,086.5 feet in longitude, and 6,076.5 feet in latitude. One league (English), equals 3 nautical miles. One metre equals 3.2808992 feet, equals 3.281 feet in practice. One square metre equals 1 centiare, equals 10.7643 square feet. One are equals 100 square meters, equals 1076.43 square feet. One vara equals 2.75 feet. One legua (Mexican) equals 5,000 varas linear, equals 13,750 feet, equals 2.60417 miles. One hundred vara lot equals 100 varas square, equals 75,625 square feet, equals 1.73611 acres. One legua (Mexican, of land) equals 6.7817 square miles, equals 4340.27778 acres. One acre equals 4 roods, equals 10 square chains, equals 160 square rods, equals 43,560 square feet. One section equals 1 square mile, equals 640 acres. One township equals 36 sections, equals 6 miles square, equals 36 square miles. One cubic yard equals 27 cubic feet, equals 16,656 cubic inches. One hundred weight (British) equals 8 stone, equals 112 pounds. One ton (long ton) commercial, equals 20-hundred weight, equals 2240 pounds. One ton (short ton) U. S., equals 2000 pounds. One quintal equals 100 pounds. One fathom equals 6 feet; 1 cable length equals 120 fathoms. One point equals of an inch. One line equals 6 points, equals 11⁄2 of an inch. Twelve inches equals 1 foot; 3 feet equals 1 yard. Five and one half yards equals 1 rod. One foot board measure equals 1 foot square and 1 inch thick. One foot-pound equals work required to raise one pound vertically one foot. One second foot-pound equals work required to raise one pound vertically one foot in one second of time. One minute foot-pound equals work required to raise one pound vertically one foot in one minute. One degree (1°), centigrade, equals 1.8° (degrees), Fahrenheit. One barometric inch equals column of mercury, with one square inch base and one inch high. |