1663. A charter granted by King Charles II. to the Earl of Clarendon
and associates for colonizing and government of the country

lying between 31 and 36 degrees north latitude. The province
of "Carolina."

1663. November 24. A charter conferred on "Rhode Island and
Providence Plantations" by King Charles II.

1664. March 12. King Charles II. granted a patent to his brother, Duke of York and Albany, for several tracts of land north and west of the Hudson River. — June 23, 24. A part of the territory "New Jersey" was reconveyed to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret.

1664. August.

An English expedition under Richard Nichols demanded the surrender by the Dutch of New Amsterdam (New York City). Articles of capitulation signed August 27. — September 24, the Dutch at Fort Orange surrendered. October 1, the Dutch and Swedes on the Delaware capitulated.

The English now exercised dominion over all New Netherlands.

1668. The Province of Maine placed under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, upon application of its inhabitants.

1668. First permanent settlement in "Michigan" by Father Marquette, a French missionary who established a mission at Sault Ste. Marie.

1673. Incident to the war between Holland and England, the Dutch despatched an expedition to destroy the commerce of the English-American colonies. They ravaged the coast of Virginia, and compelled the surrender of New York, thereby regaining possession of all New Netherlands. A treaty of peace the following year restored New Netherlands to the English.

1673. The Mississippi explored by Fathers James Marquette and Louis Joliet.

1879. La Salle built a ship, “The Griffin,” on the Niagara River, and sailed into Lake Erie, the first vessel ever seen on the lakes. He crossed the lake, through Lake Huron into Lake Michigan, where he constructed a trading house at Mackinaw.

1680. By orders from England, New Hampshire was set apart from the
jurisdiction of Massachusetts, and erected into a separate

province. The first provincial assembly convened at Ports-
mouth, March 16.

1680. Upper part of Mississippi River explored by Father Louis Hen-
nepin.

1681. March 4.

William Penn received from King Charles II. a charter and grant of lands lying between Delaware Bay and River and the Province of Maryland, "Pennsylvania.” Colony arrived and settled above the confluence of the Schuylkill and the Delaware rivers.

1681. M. de la Salle descended the Illinois River to the Mississippi,
went down that stream to the sea, and on May 14 took possession

of all the country watered by that river for the King of France.
Named "Louisiana."

1683. Controversy between Massachusetts and England concerning
collection of royal customs at Boston.

1684. October 23. The High Court of Chancery in England gave judgment for the king against the colony of Massachusetts; their charter declared forfeited, and the liberties of the colonists seized into the hands of the king.

1685. King Charles succeeded by his brother, James II. A quo warranto issued against the charters of Rhode Island and Connecticut.

1686. Attorney-general of England ordered to prosecute writs of quo warranto against East and West Jersey, as King James, designing to establish an arbitrary government for New York, deprived that province of its immunities.

1686. December 19. Sir Edmund Andros arrived at Boston with the
king's commission for the government of New England. He

dissolved the government of Rhode Island and Providence
Plantations, and assumed the administration.

1687. October. Andros went to Hartford, accompanied by his troops,
when the General Assembly was in session, and demanded the
surrender of the Connecticut charter. This was the charter
that was preserved through the zeal of Captain Wadsworth of
Hartford, and secreted in the hollow of the "Charter" oak
tree.

1688. The inhabitants of Massachusetts despatched an agent to King James to protest against the oppressive administration of Andros.

1689. April. The people of Boston and surrounding country rose in arms, seized and imprisoned Andros and others, reinstating the old magistrates in power. The Rhode Island freemen, hearing the action of Boston, met at Newport, May 1 (1689), voted to resume their charter, and replaced all the old deposed officials of the colony. Connecticut reëstablished her colonial

government.

New York was controlled by a committee of safety until the new king should establish the form of govern

ment, — King James having abdicated and been succeeded by William and Mary.

1692. Right granted by King William to Connecticut and Rhode Island to resume their old charters, and a new charter given to Massachusetts, under which the colony of Plymouth united, and the jurisdiction of Massachusetts extended over the provinces of Maine, Nova Scotia, and other territories.

1698. Louis XIV. of France projected a settlement of a colony in Louisiana, and sent over two vessels to gather information.

1701. Sieur de la Motte Cadillac (French), June 24, arrived at and settled "Detroit," Michigan; the first permanent settlement in Michigan.

1702. East and West Jersey united by Queen Anne under one government, receiving the name of "New Jersey."

1729. Province of Carolina divided, and two distinct governments instituted, i.e. North and South Carolina.

1732. Corporation formed in England, receiving a charter from King George II. for the colonization of the country between South Carolina and Florida.

1733. In February, James Oglethorpe, one of the Georgia trustees, arrived, and laid out Savannah.

1756. First permanent settlement in Tennessee, about thirty miles from "Knoxville."

1761. In Massachusetts the royal authorities and people disputed concerning proposed arbitrary methods of collecting customs, engendering bitter feeling against the government.

1763. February 10. Treaty at Paris between France, Spain, and England. France relinquished her claims to all territory east of the Mississippi River, and was confirmed in her right to the country west of that river. Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain, and all its title to territory east of the Mississippi.

1764. By a treaty concluded between Spain and France, all of Louisiana was ceded to Spain.

1764. Protests forwarded to England against the act of the House of Commons that the government had the right to tax the American colonists without their representation in Parliament, — the tax carrying severe penalties.

1765. The "Stamp Act" passed by the English Parliament. A convention of the colonies assembled in New York, October 7.

In November tumults occurred in Boston.

The stamp duties actually yielded under the English Stamp Act of 1765, owing to the opposition of the colonies, only £4000 ($19,440), - less than the expenses of putting the Act into force.

1766. The "Stamp Act" repealed by the House of Commons.

1767. The taxation of the colonies resumed, against addresses, petitions, and remonstrances of the people.

1773. Settlement of the territory, afterward comprised within Kentucky, by Daniel Boone.

1774. By act of Parliament, the port of Boston closed, and General Gage appointed governor of Massachusetts to see the law was executed. September 5, eleven colonies formed themselves into a Congress (see Index).

1775. Coercive measures continued on the part of Great Britain, and the colonies awoke to the determination of

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE,

JULY 4, 1776,

The Reigning Monarchs of England, France, and Spain, from the Discovery of the Land of the United States, to the "Declaration of Independence."