setts, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A question was raised upon this occasion whether the oath of office should be taken by General Washington privately or in public, and was discussed in a Cabinet meeting, which decided for the public inauguration. III. JOHN ADAMS, in the Chamber of the House of Representatives, Congress Hall, Saturday, March 4, 1797, in the City of Philadelphia. Oath of office administered by Oliver Ellsworth, Chief Justice of the United States. IV. THOMAS JEFFERSON, in the Senate Chamber of the Capitol, Wednesday, March 4, 1801, in the City of Washington. Oath of office administered by John Marshall, Chief Justice of the United States. V. THOMAS JEFFERSON for a second term, in the Senate Chamber, Washington, Monday, March 4, 1805, by Chief Justice John Marshall. No proceedings at this inauguration are recorded in the journals of either House of Congress, and the only reference to the subject is the following entry in the Journal of the House of Representatives of March 1, 1805, Vol. V., page 158: "The speaker laid before the house a letter addressed to him signed Th: Jefferson' notifying that he shall take the oath which the Constitution prescribes to the President of the United States, before he enters on the execution of his office on Monday, the 4th instant, at 12 o'clock, in the Senate Chamber.'"' VI. JAMES MADISON, in the Chamber of the House of Representatives, Washington, Saturday, March 4, 1809, in accordance with a written notice sent by him to the President of the Senate, to be laid before that body, and dated March 2d, 1809. Oath of office administered by Chief Justice John Marshall. VII. JAMES MADISON for a second term, Thursday, March 4, 1813. Of this inauguration no notice or reference whatever is to be found in the journals of the Senate or House of Representatives, but from the National Intelligencer of March 6th, it appears to have taken place in the Representatives Hall, and the oath administered to him by Chief Justice Marshall. VIII. JAMES MONROE, Tuesday, March 4, 1817. Oath administered by Chief Justice John Marshall, on a platform erected for the purpose, in front of the eastern portico of the Capitol at Washington. IX. JAMES MONROE for a second term, in the Hall of Representatives, Monday, March 5, 1821. Here the 4th of March came on Sunday. There is nothing in the journals of either House in regard to the ceremonies, the only reference being in the report of the Joint Committee appointed to wait upon him, to notify him of his reëlection, in which the committee say he informed them that he would "take the oath of office in the Hall of the House of Representatives at 12 o'clock on Monday next, March 5, 1821." Oath administered by Chief Justice Marshall. X. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, in the Hall of the House of Representatives, Friday, March 4, 1825. Oath of office administered by Chief Justice Marshall. XI. ANDREW JACKSON, on the eastern portico of the Capitol, Wednesday, March 4, 1829. Oath administered by Chief Justice Marshall. XII. ANDREW JACKSON for a second term, in the Hall of the House of Representatives, Monday, March 4, 1833. Oath administered by Chief Justice Marshall. There is no reference to this inauguration in either Journal of the Houses. Above taken from the National Intelligencer of March 5, 1833. XIII. MARTIN VAN BUREN, on the eastern portico of the Capitol, Saturday, March 4, 1837. Oath administered by Chief Justice Taney. XIV. WILLIAM Henry Harrison, on the eastern portico of the Capitol, Thursday, March 4, 1841. Oath administered by Chief Justice Taney. JOHN TYLER, inaugurated 12 noon, Tuesday, April 6, 1841, at Brown's Indian Queen Hotel, Washington. Oath administered by Judge Cranch of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia. Tyler was at Williamsburg, Va., at the time of President Harrison's death, and on hearing through the Cabinet of his death, hastened to Washington, reaching the White House at 4 A.M., April 6. This being the first occasion of a Vice-President being called on to take the oath prescribed in the Constitution for the President, it was taken in full legal form. I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States. JOHN TYLER. I, William Cranch, Chief Judge of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia, certify that the above-named John Tyler, personally appeared before me this day, and although he deems himself qualified to perform the duties and exercise the powers and office of President, on the death of William Henry Harrison, late President of the United States, without any other oath than that which he has taken as Vice-President, yet, as doubts may arise, and for greater caution, took and subscribed the foregoing oath before me. W. CRANCH. April 6, 1841. XV. JAMES KNOX POLK, on the eastern portico of the Capitol, Tuesday, March 4, 1845. Oath administered by Chief Justice Taney. XVI. ZACHARY TAYLOR, on the eastern portico of the Capitol, Monday, March 5, 1849. Here for the second time March 4th came on Sunday. Oath administered by Chief Justice Taney. MILLARD FILLMORE, in the Hall of the House of Representatives, 12 A. M., Wednesday, July 10, 1850. Oath administered by Judge William Cranch. XVII. FRANKLIN PIERCE, on the eastern portico of the Capitol, Friday, March 4, 1853. Oath administered by Chief Justice Taney. XVIII. JAMES BUCHANAN, on the eastern portico of the Capitol, Wednesday, March 4, 1857. Oath administered by Chief Justice Taney. XIX. ABRAHAM LINCOLN, on the eastern portico of the Capitol, Monday, March 4, 1861. Oath administered by Chief Justice Taney. XX. ABRAHAM LINCOLN for a second term, on the eastern portico of the Capitol, March 4, 1865. Oath administered by Chief Justice Chase. ANDREW JOHNSON, in his rooms at the Kirkwood House, Washington, D.C., 10 A.M., Saturday, April 15, 1865. Oath administered by Chief Justice Chase. XXI. ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT, on the eastern portico of the Capitol, Thursday, March 4, 1869. Oath of office administered by Chief Justice Chase. XXII. ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT for a second term, on the eastern portico of the Capitol, Tuesday, March 4, 1873. Oath administered by Chief Justice Chase. XXIII. RUTHerford BirchARD HAYES, in the White House, at 7.05 P.M., Saturday, March 3, 1877. Oath administered by Chief Justice Waite. Here again Sunday came March 4th. It being decided in common law that Sunday is a dies non, although not so recognized in legislative matters, it was thought safest to administer the oath the day preceding, to enable prompt action of executive in case of insurrection, riot, and other causes. Oath of office publicly taken March 5, 1877, same being administered by Chief Justice Waite. XXIV. JAMES ABRAM GARFIELD, on eastern portico of the Capitol, Friday, March 4, 1881. Oath administered by Chief Justice Waite. CHESTER ALLEN ARTHUR, at his residence, 123 Lexington Avenue, New York, 2 A.M., Tuesday, September 20, 1881, the oath being administered by Hon. Jno. R. Brady, a Justice of the New York Supreme Court, N.Y. The oath was repeated in the Vice-President's room at the Capitol, Washington, September 22, 1881; administered by Chief Justice Waite. XXV. GROVER CLEVELAND, on the eastern portico of the Capitol, Wednesday, March 4, 1885. Oath administered by Chief Justice Waite. XXVI. BENJAMIN HARRISON, on eastern portico of the Capitol, Monday, March 4, 1889. Oath administered by Chief Justice Fuller. XXVII. GROVER CLEVELAND, on eastern portico of the Capitol, Saturday, March 4, 1893. Oath administered by Chief Justice Fuller. XXVIII. WILLIAM MCKINLEY, on the eastern portico of the Capitol, Thursday, March 4, 1897. Oath administered by Chief Justice Fuller. XXIX. WILLIAM MCKINLEY for a second term, on the eastern portico of the Capitol, Monday, March 4, 1901. Oath administered by Chief Justice Fuller. THEODORE ROOSEVELT, at residence of Ansley Wilcox, Buffalo, N. Y., September 14, 1901, at 3.32 P.M. Oath administered by Judge John R. Hazel, of the United States District Court. XXX. THEODORE ROOSEVELT, on the eastern portico of the Capitol, Saturday, March 4, 1905. Oath administered by Chief Justice Melville W. Fuller. XXXI. WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT, in the Senate Chamber, March 4, 1909. Oath administered by Chief Justice Melville W. Fuller. Inaugural Address. The number of words in each address, and number of times the pronoun "I" was used: .2,772 13 1 Washington-first term..1,300 20 | Buchanan.... .... Jefferson-second term..2,123 16 Grant-first term 362 15 1,139 39 Madison-first term.....1,170 11 Grant- second term. .1,332 24 Madison - second term ..1,142 4 Hayes.. J. Q. Adams ....... .... .2,472 16 ..2,949 10 .2,944 14 Cleveland.... Jackson-first term ..1,116 11 B. Harrison. Jackson-second term...1,167 Van Buren.... W. H. Harrison Tyler... Polk Taylor. Fillmore 6 Cleveland 431 1 .1,688 5 .4,588 20 .2,029 18 .3,884 38 McKinley - first term ...3,975 19 .8,578 38 McKinley-second term..2,223 10 .4,904 18 Roosevelt .1,096 18 Taft... . No inaugural .3,319 25 No inaugural ...977 0 INAUGURATION OF THE VICE-PRESIDENT. The Vice-President elect is always sworn in prior to the President, taking the oath of office in the United States Senate, it being administered by the presiding officer of that body. This presiding officer may be a retiring Vice-President, or a United States Senator elected by his colleagues as President pro tempore. OATH: "I, do solemnly swear that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic: that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same: that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion, and I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter: So help me God." THE CABINET. The Cabinet as now constituted was not contemplated by the Constitution. It is not found in the Constitution or laws, nor is it in any way a legal body. The substitution of a secretary for the committees that prior to 1782 had the foreign affairs in charge, was the nucleus of suggesting the establishment of the Executive Department or Cabinet. Article II., Sec. 2, authorizes the President to "require the opinion in writing of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices." That these officers constitute a cabinet, rests wholly upon usage. Washington originated the practice of consulting all the heads of departments on important measures, and by later Presidents they have generally been convened for joint consultation, until cabinet meetings to determine the course of the administration have come to be expected as a matter of course; as such, however, they have no legal duties to perform, the President deferring to their advice, but not obliged to follow it in any particular, the Constitution holding the President alone responsible for the performance of executive business. A Cabinet is a privy council, not a ministry. At the same time the heads of departments have a legal responsibility as defined by law; under certain contingencies the members of the Cabinet are recognized as an essential part of the executive branch, under certain occurrences the office of President devolving upon one of their number. See "Succession," page 287. No official record is made of Cabinet proceedings, as its conclusions are recommendatory only. All executive records are kept in the several departments. The President's office is not an office of record. A bureau is a subordinate department to which particular matters are assigned, with a view to a prompt and orderly administration, e.g. Diplomatic Bureau, Consular Bureau, etc. A division is a section of a bureau, over which there is a division chief, e.g. correspondence with foreign nations is assigned to Division A. The Cabinet is appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; members removed at pleasure of the President. The Cabinet take rank at the Cabinet table in the following order: — Secretary of Commerce and Labor The restriction concerning trade is confined to the office of the Secretary of the Treasury, also the First Comptroller and First Auditor of the Treasury (the Treasurer and Register of the Treasury) : |