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copious vomitings, sudden hiccough, purging, colicy pains, frequent and violent cramps, sense of choking, severe heartburn, pain at the pit of the stomach, difficult breathing, wildness of speech, cramps in the legs, and death.-A. Decoction or tincture of galls; strong tea; decoction or powder of Peruvian bark. -D. A. White vitriol, ipecacuanha, as emetics.-T. Give large draughts of water, or sugar and water, to promote vomiting; apply leeches to the throat and stomach, if painful; and give one grain of extract of opium dissolved in a wineglassful of sugar and water, as soon as the vomiting ceases, and repeat three times at intervals of a quarter of an hour; and finally, one grain, in a little castor oil emulsion, every six hours.

1268. Tin. (Butter of tin; putty powder.)-E. Colic and purging.-A. Milk.-T. Give warm or cold water to promote vomiting, or tickle the throat with a feather.

1269. Zinc. (White vitriol; flowers of; chloride of.)-E. An astringent taste, sensation of choking, nausea, vomiting, purging, pain and burning in the throat and stomach, difficult breathing, pallor and coldness of the surface, pinched face, cramps of the extremities, but, with the exception of the chloride, seldom death.--A. For the two first give copious draughts of milk, and white of eggs and water, mucilage, and olive oil; for the third, carbonate of soda, and warm water in frequent draughts, with the same as for the other compounds.-T. Relieve urgent symptoms by leeching and fomentations, and after the vomiting give castor oil. For the chloride, use frictions and warmth.

1270. Silver (Lunar caustic; flowers of silver); Gold (Chloride of); and Bismuth (Nitrate; flowers of; pearl white), are not frequently met with as poisons.-E. Burning pain in the throat, mouth, accompanied with the usual symptoms of corrosive poisons.A. For silver, common salt and water; for gold and bismuth, no antidotes are

known. -T. Give milk and mucilaginous fluids, and castor oil.

1271. Acids (Hydrochloric, or spirit of salt; nitric, or aquafortis; sulphuric, or oil of vitriol).—E. Acid burning taste, acute pain in the gullet and throat, vomiting of bloody fluid, which effervesces when chalk is added to it; hiccough, tenderness of the belly, cold sweats, pinched face, convulsions, and death. A. Give calcined magnesia, chalk, soap and water. Administer frequent draughts of water to weaken the acid; the carbonate of soda, potass, or magnesia, to neutralize it; thick soapsuds, made with common soap; chalk, or in default of the alkalies and chalk, break down the plaster of the wall or ceiling, mix in water, and give the sufferer. Excite vomiting, and repeat the remedies till all the acid is neutralized.

1272. Chlorine (gas).-E. Violent coughing, tightness of the chest, debility, inability to star 1.-A. The vapour of caustic ammonia to be inhaled, or ten drops of liquid ammonia to one ounce of water to be taken.-T. Dash cold water over the face, and relieve urgent symptoms.

1273. Lead (Sugar of; red lead; wine sweetened by; and water impregnated with).-E. Sugary astringent metallic taste, tightness of the throat, colicy pains, violent vomiting, hiccough, convulsions, and death.-A. Epsom or Glauber's salt; plaster of Paris; or phosphate of soda.-T. An emetic of sulphate of zinc (twenty-four grains to half a pint of water); leeches to belly; fomentations if necessary; and a castor oil mixture with laudanum.

1274. Phosphorus.-E. Intense burning and pain in the throat and stomach. A. Magnesia and carbonate of soda. -T. Large draughts of cold water, and tickle the throat with a feather. Caution.-Do not give oil or milk.

1275. Lime.-E. Burning in the throat and stomach, cramps in the belly, hiccough, vomiting, and paralysis of limbs.-A. Vinegar or lemon juice.-T. Thin starch water to be drunk frequently.

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cauterizing the wound. When the breathing appears difficult, cease the application of the chloroform. A physician, writing in the Times, strongly urges this course, and states that there is no danger, with ordinary care, in the application of the chloroform, while the cauterization may be more effectively performed.

1286. Insect Stings. (Wasp, bee, gnat, hornet, gadfly, scorpion.)-E. Swelling, nausea, and fever.-T. Press the barrel of a watch-key over the part, so as to expose the sting, which must be removed. Give fifteen drops of hartshorn or sal-volatile in half a wineglassful of camomile tea, and cover the part stung with a piece of lint soaked in extract of lead.

1287. Cautions for the Prevention of Accidents.-The following regulations should be engraved on the memory of all:

i. As many sudden deaths come by water, particular caution is therefore necessary in its vicinity.

ii. Stand not near a tree, or any leaden spout, iron gate, or palisade, in times of lightning.

iii. Lay loaded guns in safe places, and never imitate firing a gun in jest. iv. Never sleep near charcoal; if drowsy at any work where charcoal fires are used, take the fresh air.

v. Carefully rope trees before they are cut down, that when they fall they may do no injury.

vi. When benumbed with cold beware of sleeping out of doors; rub yourself, if you have it in your power, with snow, and do not hastily approach the fire.

vii. Beware of damps.

viii. Air vaults, by letting them remain open some time before you enter, or scattering powdered lime in them. Where a lighted candle will not burn, animal life cannot exist; it will be an excellent caution, therefore, before entering damp and confined places, to try this simple experiment.

ix. Never leave saddle or draught horses, while in use, by themselves; nor

go immediately behind a led horse, as he is apt to kick.

x. Do not ride on footways.

xi. Be wary of children, whether they are up or in bed; and particularly when they are near the fire, an element with which they are very apt to amuse themselves.

xii. Leave nothing poisonous open or accessible; and never omit to write the word "POISON "in large letters upon it, wherever it may be placed.

xiii. In walking the streets keep out of the line of the cellars, and never look one way and walk another.

xiv. Never throw pieces of orange peel, or broken glass bottles, into the streets.

XV. Never meddle with gunpowder by candle-light.

xvi. In trimming a lamp with naphtha, never fill it. Leave space for the spirit to expand with warmth.

xvii. Never quit a room leaving the poker in the fire.

xviii. When the brass rod of the staircarpet becomes loose, fasten it immediately.

xix. In opening effervescing drinks, such as soda water, hold the cork in your hand.

xx. Quit your house with care on a frosty morning.

xxi. Have your horses' shoes roughed directly there are indications of frost.

xxii. Keep lucifer matches in their cases, and never let them be strewed about.

1288. Accidents in Carriages. It is safer, as a general rule, to keep your place than to jump out. Getting out of a gig over the back, provided you can hold on a little while, and run, is safer than springing from the side. But it is best to keep your place, and hold fast. In accidents people act not so much from reason as from excitement: but good rules, firmly impressed upon the mind, generally rise uppermost, even in the midst of fear.

1289. Life Belts.-An excellent and cheap life belt, for persons proceeding to sea, bathing in dangerous

places, or learning to swim, may be thus made:-Take a yard and three quarters of strong jean, double, and divide it into nine compartments. Let there be a space of two inches after each third compartment. Fill the compartments with very fine cuttings of cork, which may be made by cutting up old corks, or (still better) purchased at the corkcutter's. Work eyelet holes at the bottom of each compartment, to let the water drain out. Attach a neck-band and waist-strings of stout boot-web, and sow them on strongly.

1290. ANOTHER.-Cut open an old boa, or victorine, and line it with fine cork-cuttings instead of wool. For ladies going to sea these are excellent, as they may be worn in stormy weather, without giving appearance of alarm in danger. They may be fastened to the body by ribands or tapes, of the colour of the fur. Gentlemen's waistcoats may be lined the same way.

1291. Charcoal Fumes.-The usual remedies for persons overcome with the fumes of charcoal in a close apartment are, to throw cold water on the head, and to bleed immediately; also apply mustard or hartshorn to the soles of the feet.

1292. Cautions in Visiting the Sick. Do not visit the sick when you are fatigued, or when in a state of perspiration, or with the stomach empty-for in such conditions you are liable to take the infection. When the disease is very contagious, place yourself at the side of the patient which is nearest to the window. Do not enter the room the first thing in the morning, before it has been aired; and when you come away, take some food, change your clothing immediately, and expose the latter to the air for some days. Tobacco smoke is a preventive of malaria.

1293. Children and Cutlery. -Serious accidents having occurred to babies through their catching hold of the blades of sharp instruments, the following hint will be useful. If a child lay hold of a knife or razor, do not try to pull it away, or to force

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open the hand; but, holding the child's hand that is empty, offer to its other hand anything nice or pretty, and it will immediately open the hand, and let the dangerous instrument fall."

It

1294. Directing Letters. may sound like being over particular, but we recommend persons to make a practice of fully addressing notes, &c., on all occasions; when, in case of their being dropped by careless messengers (which is not a rare occurrence), it is evident for whom they are intended, without undergoing the inspection of any other parties bearing a similar name.

1295. Prevention of Fires.The following simple suggestions are worthy of observation:—Add one ounce of alum to the last water used to rinse children's dresses, and they will be rendered uninflammable, or so slightly combustible that they would take fire very slowly, if at all, and would not flame. This is a simple precaution, which may be adopted in families of children. Bed curtains, and linen in general, may also be treated in the same way. Since the occurrence of many lamentable deaths by fire, arising partly from the fashion of wearing crinoline, the tungstate of soda has been recommended for the purpose of rendering any article of female dress incombustible. A patent starch is also sold, with which the tungstate of soda is incorporated. The starch should be used whenever it can be procured; and any chemist will intimate to the purchaser the manner in which the tungstate of soda should be employed.

1296. Precautions in Case of Fire. The following precautions should be impressed upon the memory of all our readers :

1297. SHOULD a fire break out, send off to the nearest engine or police station.

1298. FILL BUCKETS WITH WATER, carry them as near the fire as possible, dip a mop into the water, and throw it in showers on the fire, until assistance arrives.

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1299. IF A FIRE IS VIOLENT, wet a blanket, and throw it on the part which is in flames.

1300. SHOULD A FIRE BREAK OUT IN THE KITCHEN CHIMNEY, or any other, a blanket wetted should be nailed to the upper ends of the mantelpiece, so as to cover the opening entirely; the fire will then go out of itself: for this purpose two knobs should be permanently fixed in the upper ends of the mantelpiece, on which the blanket may be hitched.

1301. SHOULD the bed or window curtains be on fire, lay hold of any woollen garment, and beat it on the flames until extinguished.

1302. AVOID LEAVING THE WINDOW OR DOOR OPEN in the room where the fire has broken out, as the current of air increases the force of the fire.

1303. SHOULD THE STAIRCASE BE BURNING, So as to cut off all communication, endeavour to escape by means of a trap-door in the roof, a ladder leading to which should always be at hand. 1304. AVOID HURRY AND CONFUSION; no person except a fireman, friend, or neighbour, should be admitted.

1305. IF A LADY'S DRESS TAKES FIRE, she should endeavour to roll herself in a rug, carpet, or the first woollen garment she meets with.

1306. IT IS A GOOD PRECAUTION to have always at hand a large piece of baize, to throw over a female whose dress is burning, or to be wetted and thrown over a fire that has recently broken out.

1307. A SOLUTION OF PEARLASH IN WATER, thrown upon a fire, extinguishes it instantly. The proportion is a quarter of a pound, dissolved in some hot water, and then poured into a bucket of common water.

1308. IT IS RECOMMENDED TO HOUSEHOLDERS to have two or three fire-buckets and a carriage-mop with a long handle near at hand; they will be found essentially useful in case of fire.

1309. ALL HOUSEHOLDERS, but par

ticularly hotel, tavern, and inn-keepers, should exercise a wise precaution by directing that the last person up should perambulate the premises previous to going to rest, to ascertain that all fires are safe and lights extinguished.

1310. To Extinguish a Fire in a Chimney.-So many serious fires have been caused by chimneys catching fire, and not being quickly extinguished, that the following method of doing this should be made generally known. Throw some powdered brimstone on the fire in the grate, or ignite some on the hob, and then put a board or something in the front of the fireplace, to prevent the fumes descending into the room. The vapour of the brimstone, ascending the chimney, will then effectually extinguish the soot on fire.

1311. To Extinguish a Fire in the chimney, besides any water at hand, throw on it salt, or a handful of flour of sulphur, as soon as you can obtain it; keep all the doors and windows tightly shut, and hold before the fireplace a blanket, or some woollen article, to exclude the air.

1312. In Escaping from a Fire, creep or crawl along the room with your face close to the ground. Children should be early taught how to press out a spark when it happens to reach any part of their dress, and also that running into the air will cause it to blaze immediately.

1313. Reading in Bed at night should be avoided, as, besides the danger of an accident, it never fails to injure the eyes.

1314. To Heat a Bed at a moment's notice, throw a little salt into the warming-pan, and suffer it to burn for a minute previous to use.

1315. Flowers and shrubs should be excluded from a bed-chamber.

1316. Swimming.-Every person should endeavour to acquire the power of swimming. The fact that the exercise is a healthful accompaniment of bathing, and that lives may be saved by it, even when least