Oleum Santali. Santalum album. Oil of Sandal Volatile oil.

Cardamom.

mx.

Stimulant; Caffeine, saponin.
gr. lx.

Stimulant;
gr. x.

Stimulant;
gr. xv.

oil.

Fluid Extract.

Volatile oil, fixed Aromatic Powder, Tincture, Compound Tincture, Sweet Tincture of Rhubarb, Tincture of Rhubarb, Compound Tincture of Gentian, Compound Extract of Colocynth.

Volatile oil, gin-
gerol, resin.

Ginger.

Digitalis.

Cardiac

stimulant;

Digitalin, resin,
pectin.

Leptandra.

gr. ij. Alterative;

gr. xxx.

Fluid Extract, Oleoresin, Aro-
matic Powder, Tincture, Com-
pound Powder of Rhubarb.

Extract, Fluid Extract, Infusion,
Tincture.

Leptandrin, resin, Extract, Fluid Extract.
saponin, tannin."

Capsaicin, fixed oil. Fluid Extract, Oleoresin, Tinc

XX.

Belladonna
Leaves.

Belladonna
Root.
Capsicum.

ture.

Resin, dulcamarin. Fluid Extract.

Hyoscyamine, hy- Extract, Fluid Extract, Tincture. oscine.

Daturine, muci

Daturine, fixed oil. Extract, Fluid Extract, Tincture.

Emetic; gr. Nicotine, resin,

V.

Oil of Theo- Emollient.

Stimulant;

gum.

Stearin, palmitin, Suppositories.
olein.

Benzoic acid, cin- Benzoinated Lard, Tincture, namic acid.

Compound Tincture.

broma.

Benzoin.

Fixed oil, coniine. Extract, Fluid Extract.

Sialagogue, Soft acrid resin, Fluid Extract, Compound Decocstimulant;

Oil of Anise. Stimulant;

resin.
Volatile oil, resin,

little tannin.
Volatile and fixed
oil, sugar.

and

gr. xx.

C10H1

161

m iij.

anethol, C10H120.

Carvine, CH, and

carvol, CHO.

Official Preparations in heavy type; those into which the Drug enters, in Roman type.

Syrup of Senna, Compound Spirit
of Orange, Confection of Senna.
Emulsion, Ammoniac Plaster with
Mercury.

Sweet Tincture of Rhubarb.

Emulsion, Pills, Tincture, Pills of
Aloes and Asafetida.
Compound Tincture of Cardamom.

Compound Infusion of Senna.

Water, Spirit, Compound Spirit of Orange, Camphorated Tincture of Opium, Troches of Glycyrrhiza and Opium, Elixir of Phosphorus, Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla.

Compound Spirit of Juniper.

C10H169 and ane-Water, Compound Spirit of Junithol, C10H12O.

Volatile oil, resin,

valerianic acid.

Cellular tissue,

sugar, gum, fat,

etc.

per, Compound Powder of Glycyrrhiza.

Tincture.

Confection of Senna.

nel.

xl.

tannin.

Lupulin.

Tonic; gr.

V.

Volatile oil, lupu-
line, resin.

Fluid Extract, Oleoresin.

Resin, cannabinine. Extract, Fluid Extract, Tincture.

Mucilage.

Valerianic, formic, Fluid Extract, Tincture, Ammoand acetic acids. niated Tincture.

Alcohol, bouquet, Vina.

etc.

Alcohol, bouquet, Vina.

CHAPTER LXI.

PRODUCTS FROM ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.

THE animal products of pharmaceutical interest are not numerous, but some of them are very important. Their chemical composition is not very well understood.

Protein compounds are universally found in animal and vegetable substances, indeed, are essential to all living organisms. In their chemical composition nitrogen is always a constituent, together with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and often a small quantity of sulphur. Very little is definitely known of the exact composition of the protein compounds: they are usually colloids and uncrystallizable, varying in their solubilities in aqueous liquids; they are generally coagulated by heat, and on exposure to air, heat, and moisture they decompose, undergoing putrefaction. If warmed to 70° C. (158° F.) in contact with Millon's reagent, they yield a purple-red color: this reagent is made by dissolving ten grammes of mercury in twenty grammes of nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.42), diluting the solution with an equal volume of water, and decanting after allowing it to stand twenty-four hours.

The animal products of interest in pharmacy are grouped according to the class to which they belong, as follows: 1. Mammalia. 2. Pisces. 3. Aves. 4. Insecta. 5. Reptilia. 6. Annelida. There are no official products from the last two classes.

Official Products derived from the Class Mammalia.
ADEPS. U. S. Lard.

The prepared internal fat of the abdomen of Sus Scrofa Linné (class Mammalia; order Pachydermata), purified by washing with water, melting, and straining. Lard should be kept in well-closed vessels impervious to fat, and in a cool place.

Preparation. The adipose matter adhering to the kidneys, mesentery, and omentum of the hog is the usual source of the best lard. This, after careful removal of the membranes and adhering flesh, should be cut into small pieces, malaxated with successive portions of cold water until this remains clear, and then heated moderately, in a tinned, iron, or copper vessel, over a slow fire, until the melted fat becomes perfectly clear and anhydrous. Lastly, it is to be strained into earthen pots, being occasionally stirred as it cools; and the pots should be securely covered with waxed or varnished paper, and kept in a cool, dry cellar.

The purification of lard, by which the "odor of the pig" is separated, is attended with considerable labor. In France this is an industry by itself, large quantities of purified lard being used in making pomades