Unofficial Products of the Destructive Distillation of Coal-Tar.-Continued. Dose, seven grains (0.5 Gm.). Antiseptic, in place of salol. Dose, five to twenty grains (0.3 to 1.2 Gm.). Disinfectant. A combination of borax and carbolic acid. By mixing aniline, nitrobenzol, glycerin, and sulphuric acid, heating, then diluting with water and distilling to drive off nitrobenzol; on rendering the residue alkaline and distilling with steam, chinoline passes over. A colorless, mobile liquid, having a pungent, somewhat bitter-almond odor, and a bitter taste. Sp. gr. 1.081. Germicide and antiseptic. Used by inhalation, and as a local application. Said to be an emulsion of cresol obtained by means of resin soap. A yellow powder, containing 80 per cent. of iodine. Soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water. Used as an external application in skin diseases, in the form of a solution or of an ointment. A brown, viscous, tar-like liquid, having active germicide properties. The para-acid is used as an antipyretic and antirheumatic. "Saffron Substitute" is a mixture of the potassium salts of dinitro-, ortho-, and para-cresols. Tonic. Dose, three grains (0.194 Gm.) a day. A substitute for antipyrin in the form of white needles. not very soluble in water or ether; easily soluble in alcohol and glacial acetic acid. Antirheumatic. Dose, three grains (0.194 Gm.). A bronze-colored, crystalline powder, obtained from the action of phthalic acid upon phenols. Eosin is largely used as a dye, and for making a brilliant red ink, by dissolving 5 grains in a fluidounce of water in which 10 grains of acacia have been dissolved. Microbicide. A local irritant. Dose, one-half to one and a half grains (0.03 to 0.1 Gm.). Used also hypodermically, dissolved in oil. Yellowish-red or dark red powder. Soluble in alcohol with yellow-red color and green fluorescence. A non-volatile, colorless, bitter substance, produced whenever a mixture of aniline and toluidine is heated to about 180° C. with an oxidizing agent of moderate power, as, for example, arsenic acid. The solutions of some of its acid salts are used largely for dyeing silk and wool a magnificent crimson. Proposed as a substitute for pyrogallic acid as a local application. Dose, one to one and one-half grains (0.06 to 0.1 Gm.). Prepared by oxidizing aniline with chromic acid mixture. Dose, five to ten grains (0.3 to 0.6 Gm.). A colorless liquid, having an almond-like odor, insoluble in water or glycerin, soluble in alcohol and ether. Used as a hypnotic in doses of ten to twenty minims (0.6 to 1.2 C.c.). Unofficial Products of the Destructive Distillation of Coal-Tar.—Continued. A powerful germicide. Amber is a fossil resin of an extinct coniferous wood, found principally upon the Baltic coast. By destructive distillation an acid liquor containing succinic acid is produced, together with crude oil of amber: the latter is redistilled, and rectified oil of amber is the product. It is a pale yellow liquid, having an empyreumatic odor and a warm, acrid taste. Sp. gr. 0.920. It is soluble in alcohol, and when mixed with fuming nitric acid acquires a red color and is subsequently converted into a brown resinous mass known as artificial musk. Antiseptic, antipyretic. Poisonous. Stomachic. Dose, four to seven grains (0.26 to 0.42 Gm.) two to three times a day. A feeble antipyretic. A powerful antiseptic. Antizymotic, disinfectant. Used in the form of a 5-percent. ointment. Prepared by acting on para-phenetidin with glacial acetic acid. A valuable and largely used analgesic. Dose, ten to fifteen grains (0.6 to 0.9 Gm.). Prepared by digesting 10 parts phenol, 5 parts phthalic anhydride, and 4 parts concentrated sulphuric acid for several hours at 120°-130° C., then boiling the residuum with water to remove soluble matter. The resinous substance so left is boiled in benzol for purification. It is a yellowish-brown powder. The test-solution used as an indicator is prepared by dissolving 1 part phenolphtalein in 30 parts 90 per cent. alcohol. Poisonous. Used as a test for sugar in urine. Produced by heating salicylic acid with a mixture of sulphuric acid and potassium ferrocyanide, and, when the reaction is ended, treating the resulting mass with ether, which extracts the phthalic acid. It occurs in nacreous laminæ or shining monoclinic prisms. Soluble in alcohol, ether, and benzol. Prepared by dissolving crystallized carbolic acid in strong sulphuric acid, and adding nitric acid to the resultant sulphophenic acid. It is purified by neutralizing with sodium carbonate and filtering to separate resin, then adding to the filtrate excess of sodium carbonate, when sodium picrate is precipitated. This salt is decomposed by sulphuric acid, and the picric acid crystallized. It is much employed for dyeing wool and silk yellow, also for staining wood. Dose, fifteen to thirty grains (0.972 to 1.94 Gm.) daily. Unofficial Products of the Destructive Distillation of Coal-Tar.—Continued. Used in erysipelas, in the form of a glyceride containing 5 to 10 per cent., applied to the parts twice daily. Dye-color used as an indicator in volumetric analysis. Used as a local application in eczema, in a 10-per-cent. solution. By treating the oily liquid separating from diluted crude wood-spirit and from the light oil of wood-tar or coal-tar, first with sulphuric acid, and afterwards subjecting these liquids to fractional distillation, collecting only that portion which distils between 136° and 140° C. (277° and 286° F.). A thin, colorless, oily liquid, resembling benzol. It has a burning taste. Soluble in alcohol. Dose, twenty to thirty grains (1.2 to 1.9 Gm.). QUESTIONS ON CHAPTER XLIX. THE CELLULOSE GROUP. What is cellulose? What is its formula in symbols? What is lignin? Give an example of pure cellulose. Describe it, and give specific gravity. When cellulose is treated with strong sulphuric acid, what change takes place? How is parchment paper made, and for what is it used? When cellulose is treated with nitric acid, what is produced? Cotton-What is the Latin official name? What kind of cotton is meant? How is it made? What compounds are made by the action of nitric acid on cellulose? Explain the reactions which take place in their formation. What is celluloid? For what purposes is it used? Oxalic acid-Give its formula in symbols and molecular weight. How may it be made? Describe odor, taste, chemical reaction, and solubility. In combination with bases, what salts does it form? What are the most important of these salts? What is "salt of sorrel" or "essential salt of lemons"? How do these act in removing iron rust from linen? For what is oxalic acid used? In case of poisoning by oxalic acid, what is the best antidote? What is the result when wood is distilled in close vessels? From dry hard woods about what per cent. of charcoal is obtained, and about what per cent. of liquid products? Name some of the principal solid, liquid, and gaseous products. Of these products, which are the most important? Acetic acid-What is the official Latin name? How much absolute acetic acid does it contain? Give its formula in symbols and molecular weight. How is the best acid for medicinal purposes obtained? How is acetic acid made in Germany? Describe odor, taste, chemical reaction, and solubility. Give tests for its identity. How may the following impurities be detected?-viz.: Lead, copper, tin; iron; calcium; copper; acetic acid and fixed impurities; empyreumatic substances; organic substances; nitric acid; sulphuric acid; hydrochloric acid; sulphurous acid. What two strengths of acid are found in commerce? Why is one of them called No. 8? What is the specific gravity of each of these acids? What is the difference between the two kinds? What are the salts of acetic acid called? How may they be recognized? Diluted acetic acid-What is the Latin name? Give description and specific grav ity. How is it made, and for what is it used? How much absolute acetic acid does it contain? Why is it superior to vinegar as a menstruum? Glacial acetic acid-What is the Latin official name? Give its formula in symbols and molecular weight. How is it made? Give rationale of process. Describe odor, taste, and chemical reaction. What is its specific gravity? How may its strength be tested? Can its specific gravity be relied on as a criterion of its strength? Why? How may the glacial acid be distinguished from the weaker acid having the same specific gravity? For what substances is glacial acetic acid a solvent? What are its uses? What official preparations are there of tar? Oil of tar-What is the Latin official name? How is it obtained? Give description and specific gravity. What is black pitch? Why is it generally preferred to tar for medicinal uses? Oil of cade-What is its Latin official name? How is it obtained? Give description and specific gravity. What are its uses ? What is creosote, and of what phenols does it consist? How is it obtained? Describe odor, taste, chemical reaction, and solubility. How may it be distinguished from carbolic acid? What are its uses ? In case of poisoning by it, what would be the proper treatment? What official preparation is there of creosote? What is the strength of it, and what is the dose? What is coal? Explain the differences in its structure and composition. What is coal tar? When coal tar is subjected to distillation and rectification, what products does it yield? 1. Solids; 2. Liquids; 3. Gases. Naphtalin-What is its Latin official name? tion, tests, and uses. Naphtol-What is its Latin official name? tion, tests, dose, and uses. Acetanilid-What is its Latin official name? How is it obtained? Give descrip How is it obtained? Give descrip What other names are used for it? How is it made? Describe its appearance, tests, and solubilities. What are its medical properties? Give the dose. What is crude carbolic acid? What is the Latin official name? What is "dead oil"? When dead oil is redistilled, what is the product? Is this product uniform in composition? Of what does it consist, and how may its constituents be separated? According to Dr. Squibb, of what does crude carbolic acid mainly consist, Describe odor, taste, and chemical reaction. For what purpose and how is it used? Carbolic acid-Give formula in symbols and molecular weight. What is carbolic acid? Describe odor, taste, chemical reaction, and solubility. Give tests for identity. How may the following impurities be detected?-viz.: Creosote and cresylic acid; water. What is a good test of the quantity of phenol present? Are the official tests for solubility in water and that for showing the amount of water present correct? For what purpose is it used? What official preparation is there of it? What are its Resorcin-What is its Latin official name? What other names are given to it? How is it obtained? Describe its appearance, tests, and solubilities. medical properties? Give the dose. Salicylic acid-Give Latin name, formula in symbols, and molecular weight. Describe Kolbe's patent process for obtaining it. Give rationale of the process. Describe odor, taste, chemical reaction, and solubility. Give tests for identity. How may the following impurities be detected?-viz.: Hydrochloric acid; organic impurities and iron; foreign organic matter; carbolic acid. What is the dose? What salts of this acid are official? Salol-What is its Latin official name? What other name is sometimes used for it? How is it obtained? Describe its appearance, tests, and solubilities. What are its medical properties? Give the dose. |