wonderful cigar and cigarette-making machinery; the books on the stand, the wonderful book-making machinery; the brick pavement in the street outside, the wonderful multiple brick-making machinery. We were amazed and self-convicted that in following the crowd in talking about German efficiency, we had been robbing our own land of its rightful heritage. It is a known fact that Germany has stolen every machine and patent she could lay her hands on in all these yearsGermany really has been the robber baron of the nations. Germany has the efficiency of "kultur" piracy. If you don't believe this, ask any inventor or manufacturer or machine tool maker, who has had reason to suffer from Germany's pillage.

The reason why the United States has led the world in efficiency is simpe. We were the first nation to grant an individual the right to profit by his idea-by giving a patent. The first patent in America was issued by our first President, George Washington, and ran for a period of seventeen years. American brains have been "at it" ever since. The American patent law is the father of all patent laws in the world today-in recognition of individual rights. The inventive genius of America has been given full swing, the individual initiative has been encouraged. Think of that, you who have been forgetting American efficiency.

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The German spy system began long before the war. During the last fifty years, the United States has made world-strides in invention, in business management and industrial exportations, and Germany sent her lookouts ostensibly to observe, but really to appropriate. There have been many instances of young Germans working in American foundries, burning the midnight oil and making drawings so as to utilize the fruits of American inventive genius and efficiency. In Germany they could supply skilled labor at half cost, and successfully compete with America in her own market-even in the face of a high tariff. To secure the plans and ideas, without cost or loss of time, was the main consideration. Germany did not balk at the moral issue involved in this process of polite larceny.

At the close of the Franco-Prussian war with its attendant indemnity of a billion dollars, the feeling of "Deutschland uber Alles" was stimulated to fever heat. And it has been at the boiling point ever since. According to German opinion, the German empire is the one empire of the world, and German "kultur" the "kultur." A German may do a thing with perfect propriety which would be criminal in any other man. Is it any

wonder, then, that the German should make a veritable religion of his own "efficiency," considering it as an end, rather than as a means to an end? There is no doubt as to German thoroughness, neatness and utilization of all waste, but those qualities alone do not constitute efficiency.

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Germany has always looked upon achievements of foreign genius as tribal booty to be carried off to the tribal home. A purse-proud trade-supremacy is her gauge of civilization, nation, playing with a pocket full of soldiers, and the power to buy and jostle to the counter, pushing aside all others, her standard of "efficiency."

Present-day German diplomats, however, have blundered in failing to understand the fundamentals of psychology, just as their positive-minded imponderabilia and elaborate propaganda have failed. A nation of hard workers, no better citizenship ever came to this country-though it was not German "efficiency," but American environment and opportunity, that has made the Germans a stalwart strength in the United States.

Long before the war, German manufacturers had thrown aside as "scraps of paper" private trade agreements, involving the integrity and honor of modern business ethics. The day of purloining American inventions and calling it German efficiency has passed. The American workingman at last realizes that his interests lie first in the development of American industry rather than in legislation that leads to the lowering of wages and the standard of living to the European level. With no expenses in initiating inventions, little wonder it was that Germany could compete ruthlessly as long as she induged in a trade policy like that of the submarine in its underhand and piratical methods.

Our great international expositions gave Germany an opportunity to look us over industrially; and, lulled into a sense of secure supremacy by her flattering "wunderbar!" we looked on unseeingly while she quietly took advantage of our hospitality. Of course we are to be blamed for being unduly "easy" -but that does not excuse Germany for her wholesale larceny. We can derive some consolation however, from the words of Kipling. "Sir Anthony" must have meant the Huns when he said:

They asked me how I did it, and I gave 'em the Scripture text:

"Just keep your light so shinin' a little in front of the next."

They copied all they could follow, but they couldn't copy my mind,

And I left 'em sweatin' and stealin', a year and a half behind.

mere selfish advantage into the wider realm of common weal-looking toward a development of pro-humanitarianism in its broadest sense, sharing the advantages and opportunities of our own country with all others, but firmly insisting upon justice and equity to all peoples in trade, and recognition of their rights as national entities.—Retail

In these trying days the motives of men, their aims, their capabilities and their weaknesses as well-are more apparent than was the case when times and conditions were normal. For the conditions under which we now live, and work, subject us all to the severests tests. American pharmacists have never been tested as they are being tested at this time of stress. If they stand the test, If they stand the test, the future of pharmacy will be assured. And so far they have shown up splendidly.

But there are false prophets and bad advisers. These like the poor, are with us always. Certain influences are at work to repeal or emasculate our pharmacy laws. And the argument, forsooth, is that we must adjust ourselves to war conditions. So we must, indeed. But were pharmacy laws passed for the pecuniary benefit of pharmacists, or were they passed for the protection of the public? Are the barriers to be raised 'or lowered in accordance with the supply of clerks without reference to other considerations? If so, these laws are to be considered as class legislation, and would be un American and in fact unconstitutional. If these laws were enacted for the public good--and we at least know full well that such was indeed the case-then the question is pertinent, do war conditions confer upon any man, or any group of men, license to ignore the dictates of public policy? Is human life less sacred because we are engaged in war? Now that our boys are fighting on foreign soil, are we, who have been instructed to hold the last line of defense, to be less alert in the protection of the families of these boys in the first line trenches, just because we are becoming inured to a long casualty list? The answer may be educed from the fact that our governments-National, State and municipal are putting forth greater efforts than ever before in controlling epidemics, in reclaiming the physically unfit, in reducing infant mortality, in safeguarding the laborer at his work, in conserving our food and

our fuel. Life must be risked in battle. For that very reason, it must be conserved at home. Under these circumstances, the duties and obligations of pharmacists are clear, and the agitators who at this time, endeavor to weaken our pharmacy laws, will find no supporters within the ranks of the real pharmacists. It is to the lasting credit of pharmacists and pharmaceutical associations that they lead the fight for pharmacy laws, and welcome the regulations indicated by public policy. These self-same pharmacists and pharmaceutical associations will deem it their patriotic duty to maintain these regulatons at any cost, and against all assailants. To be sure, some kind of readjustment is imperative. Pharmacists are but human. They can work only so many hours. They, like other workers, need rest, out-of-door recreation, and some diversions. They should have them. They will work the better because of them. But is it not possible, in the larger stores and even in the medium-sized stores, to "departmentalize" and to conserve the professionally trained for the sale and compounding of medicines, using mere salesmen and saleswomen in the package goods departments and for the side lines? Indeed, I would say that such a plan has been in operation in many city stores and has not only proven its feasibility, but has been most profitable. Then, women should be encouraged to take up pharmacy, for which their fitness has been conclusively demonstrated. This, of course, is not so much for the relief of the present emergency as to provide for the future, as these women must be trained in a systematic and thorough manner.

And as for the pharmacist in the one-man store, he also needs his hours of recuperation. To obtain them, he can close at specified hours. But it would seem that public interest should be considerd in this, and that, in place of closing all the stores of any given locality at the same time, there should be a system of rotation, so that some trained

pharmacists may at all times be available.

In conclusion, permit me to point out that the condition created by the enlistment of thousands of physicians, has augmented the purely medical duties of those physicians who have remained behind to serve the civilian population-and this to such an extent, that many who in the past dispensed their own medicines, now find it practically impossible to continue such practice. This is, therefore, the great opportunity for pharmacy. It has been said, and justly so, that the medical man in the army should be relieved of all non-professional duties, and it has been proposed that the pharmacist should assume those duties. To bring this about, certain officers in high command must be converted, or legislative enactment must be had.

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But in civil life, no such obstacles are in the way, and prescription writing may reasonably be expected to increase, as a result of the dearth of civilian physicians, and the added duties devolving upon each, along the lines of purely medical service. And if pharmacists in civil life succeed in reclaiming the position they once held, the pharmacists in the army will find their chances for recognition improved correspondingly.. Is this, then, the time to lower the bars, and to let in incompetents? The war has developed keener realization of the duties of citizenship. Every good citizen must render service. So must every profession. And to pharmacy comes, with the opportunity for service, the greatest opportunity for professional vancement which has presented itself within the memory of men now active. Under these war conditions, pharmacy cannot remain stationary; it must either rise or decline. The crisis is here. Hence I say that pharmacy is now being subjected to the acid test. We shall soon know its "metal." And I for one feel assured that it will prove to be royal metal-that pharmacy will meet the test. Journal of the A. Ph. A.

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SCHOOLS FOR SOLDIERS.

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To round out a complete equipped and completely trained army the General Staff some months ago created a new Committee of Education and Special Training to study specifically the needs of the army and to secure the cooperation of technical education institutions over the country for the training of men in many lines of industry.

The Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce, learning of the plan, came forward and offered to train 10,000 auto mechanics in Indianapolis during the present year, and, acting as the agent of the War Department,

take the full responsibility for housing, feeding and providing an instructional staff. The to establish schools committee, seeking to everywhere a good location could be found, was not averse to letting a commercial organization try its hand along educational lines and five hundred men were placed in a school created by the Chamber of Commerce. The experiment was a success, to such an extent that contracts were signed whereby the Chamber of Commerce opened four schools containing nearly twenty-five hundred men, providing meals and housing and a staff of and one hundred and thirty instructors created the largest vocational training detachment in the United States under one management.

The Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce took over the State School for the Deaf, the State School for the Blind an entire hotel, a factory building, the vocational facilities of two high schools and the State Fair grounds, all located at Indiapanolis. Auto mechanics, chauffeurs blacksmiths, electricians, gunsmiths, carpenters and woodworkers, sheet metal workers, telegraphers and aerial telegraphers are being trained in the four schools. The automobile factories of Indianapolis loaned thousands of dollars worth of instructional material as did the factories in other lines and released their best men to assist in the instruction work. The school commissioners turned over two high schools and the city's vocational director, a fleet of Liberty trucks was turned over to the schools by the Government, the Chamber of Commerce created a separate business staff with accounting, purchasing, inspection and statistical departments, and a post exchange division.-Ernest N. Smith in The Nation's Business for August.

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The distinguished and well-beloved Bishop of a certain Southern state is so absend mind,ed that his family is always apprehensive for his welfare when he is away from them.

Not long ago, while making a journey by rail, the Bishop was unable to find his ticket when the conductor asked for it.

"Never mind, Bishop." said the conductor, who knew him well, "I'll get it on my second round."

However, when the conductor passed through the car again the ticket was still missing.

"Oh, well, Bishop, it will be all right if you never find it," the conductor assured him.

"No it won't, my friend," contradicted the Bishop. "I've got to find that ticket. I want to know where I'm going."-Youth's Companion.

In a prosecution for having unlawful possession of intoxicating liquors at a drug store the Washington Supreme Court holds, State v. Billingsley, 162 Pac. 845, that testimony of an agent of a wholesale drug company that he always dealt with the accused for a retail drug company, that certain quantities of alcohol and cologne spirits were sold to such drug store on orders signed by the accused, declaring intent to use for chemical and mechanical purposes, and coupled with complete identification of all sales not ac tually witnessed by him, was not inadmissible as hearsay. A certificate of registration of a drug store under Rem. Code 1915, section 8464, making declaration of ownership presumptive evidence of ownership, was held not admissible, the charge being, keeping intoxicating liquors for an unlawful purpose, and not keeping the drug store for an unlawful purpose. Evidence that the accused also had a warehouse with paraphernalia for putting up whiskey for sale, and that large quantities of whiskey were found in the warehouse, was held admissible as showing the intent with which the accused possessed liquors at the drug store. Cross-examining a witness to show whether he noticed a certificate of registration in another's name at the drug store was held improper. Crossexamination as to whether the witness had ever heard of any sales of liquor at the location involved was held improper. Where the accused made no effort to show that he or some one for him was a registered pharmacist, an instruction defining a registered druggist in accordance with Rem. Code 1915, section 8457, requiring a drug store to be operated by a registered pharmacist, was held unduly favorable to the accused in view of Laws 1915, p. 4, section 7, permitting a registered druggist to sell intoxicating liquors on a prescription. A requested instruction that to convict, the accused must be found to have been in charge of and not an employe of a store was held improper;

not keeping the store.

CONSTRUCTION OF CONTRACT FOR SALE OF DRUGS-RETURN OF GOODS.

A seller of medicines, etc., agreed to instruct and advise the buyer, who purchased for resale, as to the best methods of selling to customers. In an action for goods sold and delivered the Indiana Appellate Court holds, W. T. Rawleigh Medical Co. v. Van Winkle, 118 N. E. 834, that booklets and letters sent pursuant to such agreement, suggesting that to encourage sales the buyer leave samples with prospective customers, to be fiinally purchased and paid for only in the event that they should prove satisfactory, do not show any agreement on the part of the seller that in the event the samples should prove unsatisfactory the buyer should be excused from payment for the articles so delivered to customers. The authority of an agent cannot be proven by his declarations alone, and evidence of a statement by one who represented himself as the plaintiff's traveling auditor will will not establish his agency. But when the defendant who purchased drugs and medicines from the plaintiff pursuant to the directions of one who represented himself as the plaintiff's traveling auditor, returned the articles, but did not inventory them as required by the plaintiff's custom, and the plaintiff informed the defendant of that fact, and of its refusal to accept the articles returned unless they were properly inventoried on blanks furnished and the freight paid, the defendant could not escape liability, having failed to comply with the plaintiff's regulations, and the plaintiff having refused to accept the articles so returned. It is also held that a provision in a contract for the sale of drugs and medicines, payment of which was secured by a written guarantee that the seller did not obligate itself to honor the buyer's orders for goods if his account at any particular time was in an unsatisfactory condition, is for the benefit of the seller and not the buyer, or his guarantors.