Method Two is now to be enlarged into the third Section of this book under the topic, "The Speaker At His Task." Assuming that one has had sufficient practice at home, according to the Methods outlined previously, he is now ready to accept or seek opportunities to speak in public. Under this new Section let us consider: The Audience, The Subjects, The Materials, The Construction of Outline, The Illustrations, and The Aim in Speaking. THE AUDIENCE The Speaker has been thinking mostly, up to this time, upon what he is to speak about, and how he is to speak it. He is now to consider more particularly his audi ence. He must get his ideas over to the last man, to the last woman, to the last child. How is this to be accomplished? He must keep clearly in mind by imagination, while he is preparing his speech, the character of his audience, whether he is to talk to a group of Business Men or for a Patriotic occasion where everybody is expected. In form and expression his speech must be suited to his audience. It is also necessary to know certain devices by which the attention of the audience can be quickened and sustained. The average audience is not capable of attention without help from the speaker, especially if the subject is expository or demands close attention. Also one never knows when some untoward circumstance may steal it entirely away from him. The following suggestions will help in arresting and keeping the attention of the audience: Asking the audience a question will often stimulate the interest. After asking it, make them curious to know how you are going to answer it. To begin with an anecdote or an appropriate quotation will often get the attention from the start. When you are to take up a new and distinct point change your position on the platform. Your movement will attract attention. Pause longer than usual, and some who are beginning to lessen attention will arouse themselves thinking you have forgotten your speech. Begin a new point on a lower tone. The change in the tone of your voice will have much to do to keep attention. In case anything untoward happens to distract, suddenly, the attention of your audience, do not permit yourself to be fussed. If you remain cool and quick-witted the occasion will often suggest a word which will gather the attention of your hearers quickly again. An appropriate story will often serve. Much depends upon a good beginning and a strong ending. These have a large part in the impression which your speech will make. There is no place where the pause can be used more effectively than just before the concluding words. SUBJECTS There are three conditions under which one may be called upon to speak; for example, |