feed grinders, where piggy grinds his own dinner before eating it.

We linger at the machinery exhibit as the most fascinating for here the inanimate-iron rods and wooden beams -are endowed with life for accomplishing all the varied tasks of the tiller of the soil. Could our great grandfather visit the thresher and stacker division of any of our great fairs this year, he would be amazed to see mammoth creations on wheels, looking for all the world like the strange creatures geologists have pictured for us from the records of long past ages: huge, long-necked stackers, the dinosaurs, with mouths gaping forty feet in the air, belching clouds of straw and chaff, just to show how today the farmer can thresh his oats and rye and stack his straw in one-tenth the time that his grandfather labored to the same end. There are new plows to turn the earth better, with easier draft; horseless mowers, hay rakes that earn their cost in the hay they save; milk-handling machinery with which the dairyman can give us better and cleaner milk at less cost.

Then there is concrete-making machinery with which the farmer puts up fireless barns and tramp-proof hay mows that enable him to sleep unmindful as to whether the hired man upsets his lantern

or takes a siesta, pipe in mouth, behind the barn.

Add to these, small complete lighting plants to light his house and barns for the price of the oil of a dozen dirty, foulsmelling lanterns. In fact, there are now on the market, systems by which the farmer can operate his small dynamo with water wheel, using water elevated to tanks by windmill or gasoline engine.

Next to power, economy in production. is an evident cause for farm betterment as shown by our state fair. Economy in the use and sale of by-products is the success of many manufacturers today;

but not until farm machinery had become generally practical, were many present day economies possible in dairy and field.

Here, in the power exhibit, we see easy-running treadmills run by dog or sheep for separating cream, churning. etc., and large tread power operated by horses and cattle. On many large dairy farms, cream separating is done with tread power by using one of the herd bulls that would otherwise be idle. Separating the cream on the farm is in itself an economy as it saves horse powerthe hauling of many pounds of milk, sometimes miles, to the creamery daily.

The increased efficiency of modern farm machinery in every department of farm work is added economy. Better manure carriers and spreaders, better disk drills, corn planters and harvesters, fanning mills, harrows, cultivators and feed-grinders mean added profit to the

user.

In the vehicle department, aside from the varied exhibits of farm wagons especially built for each particular kind of work, we find the automobile the center of attraction-big touring cars and little runabouts, no fancy limousines with hand mirrors and flower vases, but medium-priced, practical cars built for wear and country roads. Automobiles filled with family parties, well-dressed, are touring the grounds; some from city

and some from country. One distinguishing feature is, that the farmers' cars. don't contain women with hobble skirts and pinned-on curls.

Around us is a maze of handsome structures. An immense livestock building, a judging pavilion costing $30,000.00, a dairy building built of concrete, tile-lined, with huge glass-sided refrigerators, for butter and cheese exhibition in the center, is a model of its kind. And so it goes, most of the states constructing better and finer buildings each year, as these are principally for educational purpose. The New York Legislature last year apportioned $2,500,000 for new buildings, etc., for the state fair develops state pride, and broadens the views of both city man and country dweller. We hold an annual state fair in thirty-eight of our states at present, and the attendance grows in numbers at every convention. The attendance at the Minnesota fair numbered over 300,000, that of Iowa over 200,000 and Wisconsin was well over 100,000. The great advancement in all the branches of agriculture, horticulture and livestock is due greatly to this source.

It has been said that while the county fair was the farmer's high school, the state fair is his college. In addition to the regular farm buildings, we find a model barn and silo, not expensive, theoretical structures, but a "poor farmer's"

barn, built by farmers, within the average man's means yet thoroughly practical. By following out time-saving conveniences in this barn, a farmer can save hundreds of dollars in avoiding time-wasting and awkward arrangements of stalls, feed bins and silos.

In the model farm home is shown a low priced house with a model kitchen and system of ventilation. One farmer's wife remarked that it was nearer her idea of heaven than she ever hoped to see on this earth. With the small gasoline engine for chore boy and maid-of-all-work, more rest for weary hands

and feet, and more time for study and intelligent planning of household affairs seems possible; and the low price of $50.00 for the allround household worker that can do the pumping, churning, even sweeping and cleaning, run the washing and sewing machines and mangle for ironing, brings it within the means of all and would mean an untold boon to any housewife.

In like manner a model schoolhouse, complete, is open for inspection; the high ceilings, large windows, good heating and ventilating facilities showing its value as an example to village fathers. The windows are on three sides, reaching from a distance of about three feet from the

floor almost to the roof, and the cheery warm rays of the sun pour in from these windows which may be easily raised or lowered to let in any amount of fresh air, making of the schoolroom a chamber that children love, and thrive in.

The practical teachings that are given each day in some department during the fair week do more to really help and instruct the farmer, the fruit-grower, and the housewife, than all the books that

HOW THE FAMILY PET MAY BE UTILIZED. Dog operating treadmill.

are read throughout the year on the same subjects. Whatever one is interested in, from the raising of African geese or pedigreed barley, to the newest methods of educating the children, he may attend lectures and see practical demonstrations along his own particular line that will awaken new interest and give him wonderful new ideas to plan out in the future for the betterment of his own individual work.

SHOULD BE.

Model displayed at a State Fair exhibit.

Besides comprehensive exhibits of road machines we find a state department of roads offering booklets, charts on road management and directions for building road drags. The farmer buying motor cars means the real beginning of the good roads movement.

The fisheries exhibit, in a building 100 feet long, its two walls built into aquariums, is filled with every kind of fish common to the state. Each compartment is labelled with the correct name of the species within, and the crowds attracted there are evidence of the

popularity of this special educational feature.

Practical demonstration of the efficiency of the tuberculin test for cattle is given on the grounds, with lectures on the disease, outlining the way it is brought into the herds, showing how it spreads from one infected animal to others of the same herd, and dwelling on the dangers to human life that infection from the milk brings, and the heavy economic loss the disease means to the farmer. Three cows shown by the test to be suffering from tuberculosis are slaughtered and an examination, with very clear explanations made by the State Veterinarian. A demonstration is given of the changes shown as the disease progresses, after the infected organs and glands are dissected, and some of the specimens passed around among the interested farmers present for inspection. One of these cows, apparently the fattest and healthiest of the lot, but showing

under the test the greatest infection, had been giving milk to city consumers for over six years. In the first cow killed, an examination of the lymphatic glands shows only a comparatively slight infection, yet under the tuberculin tests applied to the animals, each reacted with equal strength, amply demonstrating that the method of proving the presence of the disease is entirely satisfactory.

Of especial interest to women are the demonstrations in the nursery building, where, for the small payment of ten cents an hour, any tired mother may leave her little one under the efficient care of trained nurses and kindergarten teachers, while she joins the eager throngs of visitors. Lectures are given to the mothers by the head nurse, showing just how the baby's cot should be made, how the little one should be dressed, the proper preparation of milk and other foods, and instructions of just what to do for the child in case of croup, convulsions or any

exact preparation of the Bordeaux mixture, and then the actual mixing is shown, the illustration. serving to impress the lesson on all inquirers.

Those interested in the analysis of milk have but to visit the agricultural chemistry department to secure a demonstration of the component parts. Here is shown a quart of milk, and beside it the exact amounts of water, curd, fat, and sugar and ash that go to make it up. Also, in the display of the agricultural college, analysis is made for the benefit of all interested, of wheat, soy beans, oats, and corn, and demonstrations given of commercial fertilizers made from dried blood and tankage, showing clearly and concisely how modern meth