likeness to the English sheep dog, but owing to its nomadic existence is far more powerful and wild. The free life which these animals led in the open streets of Constantinople under the old regime made them independent of man, and the older dogs were entirely fearless of any interference at the hands of their protectors.

The dogs had an entire county of their own, with clans

and class divisions, which were strictly enforced by the leaders of the different tribes. These scavenger dogs, of course, were an entirely necessary evil under the old regime, and opinions differ as to whether they are not now vitally necessary in Constantinople where their use

as scavengers was a recognized force. Without their dogs Turkish towns would disappear beneath mountains of refuse, and although the dogs themselves. were often ridden with disease, yet it is certain that they performed a duty, which, in the absence of any other sanitary arrangement, was a vitally necessary one for the health of the inhabitants of Constantinople and

other large Turkish towns.

The dog world of Constantinople had its wars and its times of truce, and its canine life was recognized by an instinctive socia! year. Every street, or part of a street, in the capital had its own dogs to whom the refuse of that

particular quarter belonged absolutely. Never did one clan ravage the hunting ground of another family, and in spite of what may have been written to the contrary, the dogs preserved order like a well-drilled army.

Among the female population of dogs it was a common sight to witness the reception of a male member of the tribe who had taken refuge when sick or wounded in a street fight. The female contingency performed their maternal duties in the open street which was both their playground and battle ground for life. Pious Moslems used to feed the mothers on rice and other delicacies in order that their progeny might be strong and healthy and a credit to their district. Although the scavenger dog was a mere chattel of the Turkish householder, he was nevertheless a chattel which was recognized as having a use, and which, in the absence of better conditions, could not be surpassed in the work of offal monger.

When the old order was changed it was decided, whether rightly or wrongly,

to banish, practically speaking, every dog from Turkey, and certain it is that when the edict went forth Constantinople witnessed some remarkable sights. At the time these unfortunate four-footed friends of man were being hastily shipped to the deserted Isle of Oxia in the sea of Marmora, the dogs were roughly secured, and daily transported to Oxia in the rough ves

THE VESSEL.

by the unaccustomed solitude, and famishing with thirst and hunger at last turned upon the weaker of their brethren, and probably for the first time in their lives eked out their existence by living on the flesh of their fellows. The bodies of dead and dying dogs were seized upon with avidity by the vast living hordes of quadrupeds, and scenes revolting in their savage cruelty were witnessed daily on the Island of Oxia.

Although the Turkish government, as we have previously mentioned, supplied quantities of food in the way of bread, etc., the supplies were altogether insufficient to keep life in this vast horde of scavengers, and slowly but surely their numbers decreased until the death rate became as high as two hundred a day.

Today the island stands deserted and desolate with here and there a lonely pariah like beast who wanders slowly over the

sels which are seen in our photographs. On arrival these dogs were turned loose and left to forage for themselves. Many thousands of dogs were thus landed, and at least in the early days of their forced retirement they were left entirely without food, and it seemed a prearranged plan that they should be allowed to die of thirst and hunger. Public opinion, however, was brought to bear, and the Turkish government after a time provided the dogs with food and water.

Heart rending scenes of misery and desolation met the eyes of those travelers who paid a visit to the island during the time the dogs were in existence: dead and dying animals were to be seen everywhere, and in fact the banks of the island adjacent to the landing places represented a huge charnel-house. Thousands of dogs driven desperate

A

FEW days since, with little or no blare of trumpets, there was quietly observed in Rochester, N. Y., the dedication of an altogether new idea in church work, which in the opinion of many, is bound to spread all over the country, solving to a large degree the perplexing problem of how to reach the great mass of people who are slowly but surely drifting from the sphere of church influence owing to our complex, ever-expansive civilization. Just how to meet this problem and "modernize" the church to meet twentieth century demands, is a question of ever increasing moment. Blazing the way by a highly ingenious, original, and thoroughly wholesome and helpful plan of enlarged activity, Brick church. Rochester, believes it has met the problem of empty pews and lethargic, luke-warm performance of church duties. As a monument to inusual foresight Brick Church Institute was dedicated.

The institute, which cost complete $150,000, is located beside Brick church. It is an attractive structure comprising four stories and basement, and has a frontage of sixty feet and a depth of

one hundred and fifty-nine feet. While the structure, all of brick, on the exterior looks rigidly plain and not dissimilar to an ordinary commercial house, the interior possesses an air of good taste and even elegance in its appointments.

The front lobby resembles that of a well-constituted hostelry with a terraza floor, imposing columns and general air of elegance. At one side is a safe for lodgers' valuables, a mail case, announcement bulletin, key case, check room, switch board controlling the lighting system and all the other appoint

ments of an up-todate hotel. Facing the rear in the lobby is also a ladies' room and parlor. A spacious kitchen and inviting dining room seating nearly one hundred and fifty are also on the first floor. Every known culinary contrivance is provided to such a degree as to make many a hotel owner look with envious eye.

Down one flight is located an admirable gymnasium, equip

ped with, among other things, a cork track. Steel lockers for men to the number of one hundred and fifty-six are furnished. In an adjoining room is the swimming pool forty feet long and of a graduated depth ranging from three

and a half to seven feet. Marble shower baths are also near by. In the next room are lockers for women to the number of fifty-two, and certain hours daily are set apart for women who have access to the gymnasium and swimming pool. Boys have lockers, to the number of one hundred and ten, all to themselves.

On the left of the basement are four excellent bowling alleys. For the lovers of pool and billiards provision is made by the installation of three pool and one billiard table. The cost of these games is made just half the charge elsewhere, as tickets are sold at a cut rate.

Across the entire front of the first floor are smoking, lounging and reading rooms for men. The decorations are in a pleasing mission style and an attractive fireplace and an abundance of magazines and newspapers give a home-like air.

In the rear of the first floor is an assembly hall which seats three hundred persons. The stage is equipped with

drop curtain, scenery and all that goes to comprise a well constituted stage of fairly average capacity. On this stage will take place dramatic performances by the amateurs of the church. Near by is a room for boys and a circulating library room. The housekeeper is well provided for with a five room flat.

On the second floor, also, are located the class rooms, for the educational end is one of the leading aims of the new work.

In these class rooms will be taught millinery, shirt-waist making, basketry, woodwork and all manual training arts. Any one is welcome to join these classes and the fee is only one dollar to be paid for membership.

The entire upper floors are given up to rooms of which there are eighty-two. Lodging costs by the week from two dollars to four dollars and thirty cents a week. No finer appointments are furnished in any of Rochester's hotels. Telephones, shower baths and in fact all