their disturbance other than those on the line of the fresh plaster added. Each unit communicates directly with its neighbor by a door, and, further, has two doors opening into the corridors. It is thus possible at any time to form two rooms out of a unit, each of which will communicate directly with the corridor. The window space devoted to each unit is ample. It is, in fact, so large absolutely as the supporting capacity of the outer wall will safely permit. The window area is 242 square feet, while the outer wall of each unit measures 420 square feet. The window area is, therefore, nearly three-fifths that of the outer wall. The terminal units of the wings have additional window space in their second outer wall, and, of course, in these the lighting is brilliant. In all the other units, however, the lighting is, as already said, ample. The corridors are lighted from the hall doors, from the large windows at the ends of the wings and from the wells over the stairway. An examination of the building itself shows that this provides sufficient illumination with diffuse daylight, and even on very dull days it is enough for all, except, perhaps, the main corridor extending between the two lecture theaters on the ground floor, and then resort may be had to electric lighting. The two stairways are lighted from the roof, and are so placed as to permit the student reaching any floor directly from the basement, where the reading and writing rooms are situated. The locker rooms and lavatories, on the other hand, are in the subbasement and can only be reached from the basement corridor. The wings are, including the basement and subbasement, five stories in height. The main portion is only three stories, if we leave out of account the boiler room. This arrangement is due to the fact that the rear part of the building is placed in a shallow ravine. White brick, with stone facings here and there, is the material; the roof is flat and bordered all round with a brick parapet. The building is heated by air forced over heated coils by large fans driven by steam, and the ventilation is thus, in part, provided for, and also by the exhaust currents in the ventilation turrets which rise over the entrances. A feature of special interest is presented by the small research rooms. The half units are intended to be used for various purposes, but chiefly for small groups of students pursuing advanced work or for special lines of research, but each of the fifteen small rooms, shown in the plans as adjacent to the lecture theaters, is reserved for individual workers carrying on selected investigations. These, with the other arrangements described, have been designed with the view of making the buildings a home for research. From Dr. Macallum's article in Science, May 22nd, 1902. John Hoskin, Esq., K.C., LL.D., the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the University, addressed the audience which had assembled in the north lecture theatre on the occasion of the formal opening. He spoke of the building and equipment, emphasizing in a very pronounced way the great progress which had been made in medical research. He remarked that the work of construction had been completed in the short space of fourteen mouths from the time that the decision to build was arrived at. He also referred to the happy circumstance that the increased and efficient accommodation was provided at the very moment when two Medical Schools, namely Trinity and Toronto, had amalgamated, and when these increased facilities were so urgently required. Dr. Hoskin considered that we had to thank the Government of Ontario for the financial aid which they have provided, not only in connection with these new buildings, but also for the convocation hall which is in prospect. He then formally handed over the keys of the new buildings to the President of the University on behalf of the Board of Trustees, and in doing so he paid a tribute to the untiring energy of the Dean of the Medical Faculty, Dr. Reeve, to whose persistent efforts the completion of these new buildings is largely due. President Loudon accepted the care of the building from the hand of the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and assured him that the Medical Faculty would use the buildings for the advancement of medical science in a manner that will enhance the reputation of the University and redound to the benefit of the public. He acknowledged with gratitude the prompt action of the Trustees, the Government and the Legislature. He would not forget the handsome way in which they had made provision for the Medical Faculty and for the department of Physiology. He then proceeded to recall for the benefit of his audience some facts regarding the progress of medical education in Ontario, and spoke as follows: "From the year 1788 onwards machinery has existed for the licensing of practitioners. At that time little or no teaching was available. Regular medical courses were begun in 1844, when on the 15th of January the inaugural lecture of the Medical Faculty of King's College, the then Provincial University, was delivered. The Faculty had been established after much controversy and negotiations, and it is to be noted that the Faculty of Medicine was then on a par with those of arts and law in the University, and was equally with them a charge on the endowment, drawing eventually between eight and nine thousand dollars annually from this source. Within ten years after the establishment of medical instruction on an apparently permanent basis the University actually in 1853 abolished the Medical Faculty of the University of Toronto. From 1853 to 1887 we had the era of Proprietary Medical Schools. The alleged ground for the abolition of the Medical Faculty was the supposed popular sentiment against State aid for a lucrative profession Whether this was the real ground is still a matter of dispute. If it was the real ground the Legislature of succeeding years manifested great inconsistency in the application of the principle. for from 1852 to 1871 no less a sum than $65,000 was granted by Parliament to the various Medical Schools, aid being given in fact to all who applied. After 1871 all these grants were cut off, just as had been the grants to Art Colleges a few years before. Looking back over the past hardly anybody will venture now to assert that the era of Proprietary Schools was an unqualified success. Nobody will say that they provided an ideal medical education. But on the other hand, nobody will deny that much good and honest work was done, and that the education of our medical men in spite of difficulties reached a high standing. Efforts were made by the University of Toronto to raise the standard of examination from time to time. That standard was raised, in 1882, for instance, and the numbers of the graduating class in medicine dropped at once from thirty-two to fifteen, and eventually to ten. The schools were, in fact, unable. to cope with the situation. Their teaching was weak on the scientific side, and it was bound to be so. It was impossible for them to provide the expensive equipment and elaborate supervision necessary under modern conditions for thorough work on the scientific side. Through the establishment of a teaching faculty of medicine, in 1887, medical education in Ontario entered upon a new era. Under the new organization, the expensive equipment of the University in biology, physiology, chemistry and physics was put at the service of the Medical Faculty, and moreover the Medical Faculty has been self-sustaining, and has been, in fact, an element of strength to the resources of the University. The Medical Faculty has done a great work in the interests of the public by sending forth a great body of young men to alleviate the ills of humanity. We are now entering upon an important forward movement in the work. The Federation of Trinity with the University of Toronto is practically assured, and on the strength of this the amalgamated Medical Faculties begin to-day its work in this Building. Medical education through this step enters upon a new and higher stage of development, and the future is full of hope. There is just one point further to which I wish to refer very briefly-the question of State aid to the teaching of medicine. Old prejudices die hard. The old doctrine of prejudice of no aid to the students of a lucrative profession has been reiterated so often since the middle of the last century in Ontario, that it may seem almost like heresy to dispute it. But is the profession after all so very lucrative? There are some prizes, it is true; but is the average of wealth in the profession above that of a comfortable living? To see the matter in its proper light we should take into account the enormous importance of public health, even from a financial standpoint. Large sums of public money-I am looking around for the Principal of the Ontario College of Agriculture-are spent annually upon the teaching of agriculture, engineering and pedagogy in view of their general importance, but not one cent for any branch of medical science. It is my view that this doctrine of non-support should be revised. I do not advocate indiscriminate grants, but the subjects to which the whole time of a professor is given, such as pathology, might be given aid. Is the physical condition of the student of less importance than his mental development? The material prosperity of the country is advanced by the engineering profession, which profession is at least as lucrative as that of medicine: and after all of what advantage is material prosperity without the health to enjoy it. It is said that Rockefeller would give millions to be able to digest beefsteak. The pathology and hygiene of domestic animals are taught in the Agriculture Colleges, and does it not seem strange that the claims in the same branches in connection with human beings should be ignored? I merely put forward the idea as one which I hope to see realized when public opinion becomes a little more enlightened, and some unreasonable prejudices are eradicated. I shall not detain you longer, but give way at once to the different gentlemen who have yet to address you. We have recently had the pleasure of welcoming to Canada many of the representatives of commerce and legislation from the Motherland, but I may say that it affords us particular pleasure to-day to have with us upon this occasion so distinguished a representative of British Science as Profe-sor Sherrington of the University of Liverpool. His work in physiology has won a high place in the world of science. We owe Professor Sherrington our very special thanks for responding to the invitation of the University to be present, and for his readiness to undertake a long and tiresome journey to be with us on this occasion, and I take this opportunity of expressing the indebtedness of the University to him for his great kindness. The President then called upon Professor Sherrington to deliver the inaugural address |