Spons' Dictionary of Engineering, Civil, Mechanical, Military, and Naval, Volume 1Edward Spon, Oliver Byrne, Ernest Spon, Francis N. Spon E. & F.N. Spon, 1874 |
Common terms and phrases
acid alloy anemometer angle angular velocity antimony apparatus arch arrangement arsenious acid atom atomic weight axis axle barracks battery bead beam belt bismuth bitumen blast blast furnace body borax bore bottom carbon cast cast-iron centre centrifugal force charcoal circumference construction copper curve cylinder diameter distance drum effect engine equal experiments feet fixed force formula friction furnace hearth heat hole horizontal hydrogen inch inclined iron ITAL length lower machine material means melted mercury metal mètres motion oxide oxygen passing pipe piston placed plate pressure projectile proportion pulley quantity radius ratio resistance retort revolutions rope round screw shaft ship shot shown in Fig side smelting SPAN square steel strain surface temperature tension thickness tons trepan tube turret tuyere upper valve velocity vertical vessel weight wheel wire wrought-iron zinc
Popular passages
Page 118 - The water is drawn from the reservoir by pipes laid in a tunnel cut through the rock in the solid, at the end of the main embankment, no pipes being laid through the embankments themselves. At the end of the tunnel next the reservoir there is a stand-pipe with valves at different heights, which admit of water being drawn off at various levels.
Page 147 - Kind, and it is one of the peculiarities of his system as contrasted with the processes formerly in use. So long as his operations were confined to the small dimensions usually adopted for Artesian borings, he contented himself with making a description of joint with a free fall ; a simple movement of disengagement regulating the height fixed by the machinery itself, like the fall of the monkey in a pile-driving machine ; but it was found that this system did not answer when applied to large borings,...
Page 142 - ... quartz is ground by means of two or more large stones, or mullers, dragged continually over its surface, either by horses or mules, but more frequently by the latter. The periphery of the circular pavement is surrounded by a rough kerbing of wood or flat stones, forming a kind of tub about two feet in depth, and in its centre is a stout wooden post, firmly bedded in the ground, and standing nearly level with the exterior kerbing. Working on an iron pivot in this central post is a strong upright...
Page 329 - ... there is a transverse strain on the shaft, due to the weight of the pulley and tension of the belt, which is in addition to the transverse strain due to the weight of the shaft itself. Sometimes the power is taken off horizontally on one side, in which case the tension of the belt produces a horizontal transverse strain ; and the weight of the pulley acts with the weight of the shaft, to produce a vertical transverse strain. Frequently the machinery to be driven is placed above the floor to which...
Page 142 - ... in depth, and in its centre is a stout wooden post, firmly bedded in the ground, and standing nearly level with the exterior kerbing. Working on an iron pivot in this central post is a strong upright wooden shaft, secured at its upper extremity to a horizontal beam by another journal, which is often merely a prolongation of the shaft itself. This upright shaft is crossed at right angles by two strong pieces of wood, forming four arms, of which one is made sufficiently long to admit of attaching...
Page 179 - The fitness of metals for cannon depends chiefly on the amount of their elongation within the elastic limit, and the amount of pressure required to produce this elongation ; that is to say, upon their elasticity. It also depends, if the least possible weight is to be combined with the greatest possible preventive against explosive bursting, upon the amount of elongation and the corresponding pressure, beyond the elastic limit ; that is to say, upon the ductility of the metal.
Page 354 - ... corresponding to each tube, and is planed on the rubbing face, as is also the surface against which it works, in order that the slide may be sufficiently air-tight when closed. The ignition takes place where the air and gas meet, the ignited gas streaming into the stove and diffusing its heat uniformly over the interior. An important element in the working of an apparatus of this description is to provide for explosions, which must take place if a mixture of gas and air in certain proportions...
Page 353 - ... which can be accounted for only by the fact that the open-topped furnace has the advantage of a large amount of surplus heat due to the combustion of the waste gases at its throat, which serves to dispel moisture and calcine the limestone and helps to warm up the large pieces of ironstone : all of which operations in the close-topped furnace are effected only at a lower point of the furnace, thus necessitating a larger consumption of coke. With the same proportion of ironstone to limestone it...
Page 276 - If any particles of amalgam which may pass through be hard and dry, a little more quicksilver must be introduced ; but if, on the contrary, they be soft and pasty, or globules of mercury make their appearance, > the supply in the battery must be diminished. \ When the proportion of mercury has been properly adjusted, the amalgamation of the gold is very completely effected, except in cases in which the ores contain large quantities of lead or antimony, and have been previously burned for the purpose...
Page 204 - ... fracture will ultimately take place ; but should the elastic limit be exceeded, the axle takes a permanent bend — the wheels are then diverted from their vertical plane, and, as a matter of course, leave the rails. To demonstrate this was the object of the first experiment.