AUTOSCOPY OF the Larynx.-Kirstein, of Gerhardt's clinic (Berl. klin. Woch., June 3, 1895), draws attention to the fact that by throwing back the head the angle between the axes of the oral cavity and trachea can be much widened out. When using Rosenheim's esophagoscope he found that by depressing the tongue he could see into the larynx. The following directions are given: The pharynx and posterior surface of the larynx are painted with twenty-per-cent cocaine, and the patient, having loosened his clothes, lies on a couch with the head overhanging, or sits in a chair with the head thrown well back. The autoscope is then introduced. This consists roughly of a tongue depresser, carrying an electric lamp at the end. The autoscope is introduced with the left hand, and pushed onward without touching the posterior pharyngeal wall to a level with Santorini's cartilage, when the tongue is pressed strongly downward, the teeth being used as a fulcrum. Tender teeth may give rise to difficulties. The electric lamp is not essential. The parts of the larynx, especially the posterior part, can be seen with the greatest clearness. The curette, cautery, etc., can be used under the closest inspection. Tumors of the vocal cords or subglottic region can be more easily removed than by the ordinary intra-laryngeal method. The mucous membrane of the trachea can be seen, and the author says that catheterization of the bronchi would present no great difficulty. With his instrument the epiglottis is invisible and the anterior commissure of the cords can not well be seen. The author does not think that this new method will supersede the old one, but that it will enlarge our means of diagnosis and treatment.-British Medical Journal.

IMMUNITY AND SUSCEPTIBILITY WITH REFERENCE TO CHOLERA.(Metschnikoff in Wiener Med. Presse.) The striking facts of immunity of many to cholera, and of the influence of time and place (the two factors made specially prominent by Pettenkofer) on the course of a cholera epidemic, the writer believes he can for the most part explain, on the strength of numerous experiments and observations, through the varieties of bacteria in the intestinal canal. He noticed, for instance, that different bacteria in plate cultures exerted a distinctly favorable influence on the growth of cholera vibrios, among others especially sarcina and the white yeast, called torula. On the other hand, he found bacteria among which was the bacillus pyocyaneus, which plainly retarded the growth. By reason of these facts, he examined closely the bacteria in the human intestinal canal in regard to their behavior toward the cholera vibrio, and here also he was able to cultivate the previously mentioned torula and a sarcina and a bacillus not liquefying gelatin, all favorable to cholera; and from the intestine of animals he isolated several varieties of bacilli and a thick coccus, having an opposite tendency. He comes to the conclusion that the bacteria of the intestinal canal play an important rôle in the immunity and susceptibility of man and animals toward cholera. Through this, the fundamental truth that the vibrio of Koch is the specific cause of cholera, can be brought into

accord with the results of epidemiology and especially with the influence of time and place on the course of a cholera epidemic.-Centralblatt für innere Medicin.

THE ARMY.-An army medical board will be in session at Washington City, D. C., during October, 1895, for the examination of candidates for appointments to the Medical Corps of the United States Army to fill existing vacancies.

Persons desiring to present themselves for examination by the Board will make application to the Secretary of War before October 8th for the necessary invitation, giving the date and place of birth, the place and State of permanent residence, the fact of American citizenship, the name of the medical college from which they were graduated, and a record of service in hospital, if any, from the authorities thereof. The application should be accompanied by certificates based on personal acquaintance, from at least two reputable persons, as to his citizenship, character, and habits. The candidate must be between twenty-two and twenty-nine years of age, and a graduate from a regular medical college, as evidence of which his diploma must be submitted to the Board.

Further information regarding the examinations may be obtained by addressing Surgeon-General George M. Sternberg, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.

THE CODE. In his address to the graduating class of the University of Pennsylvania, Prof. H. C. Wood lays down the code of medical ethics as follows:

1. To consider the doctor as a member of your own family, having an inherent right to your medical services; but to remember yourself not to abuse this right.

2. To consider any discovery or any invention you may make as belonging not to yourselves but to the general profession.

3. Never in any way to laud your own medical skill or to attempt to supplant in public or private estimation one of the medical household.

4. To join yourself as soon as may be to the incorporated companies of your fellows for scientific and social intercourse, and for the cultivation of that professional conscience which often binds men more closely than their personal sense of right and wrong.

5. Through good and ill report to stand by members of your own profession, unless they be guilty of moral evil.-Boston Med. and Surg. Journal.

THE CHICAGO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH is issuing a circular regarding the restriction and prevention of consumption, prepared by F.W. Reilly, M.D., assistant commissioner. Its force is considerably weakened by the opening paragraph, which states that there is no more urgency for a circular of this nature than for one regarding other diseases. From Eastern journals we

learn that the promulgation of information of this character has worked hardship in many cases, consumptive patients being shunned by those who should care for them. The proper measures as to the disposition of tubercular sputa, which are clearly set forth in the circular, can not be too generally known, and we hope good results may follow this effort. After the consumptives have been taught not to spit about the streets we would earnestly direct the attention of the Health Department to the salivary ejections of the politicians about the City Hall, and the spitting of the male population generally.-Chicago Medical Recorder.

INSUFFLATION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE INTO THE NASAL CAVITY FOR RELIEF OF PAIN.-Dr. W. M. Capp (Medical News, June 15, 1895,) recommends highly the insufflation, through an ordinary insufflator, or other appropriate tube, of from two to four grains of pulverized table salt, as a measure tending to give immediate relief in facial pain or headaches arising from trifacial irritation from decayed teeth, eye-strain, or from other causes, such as ear affections, hysteria, or uterine reflexers. The measure was first applied, according to the author, by Leslie, and published in the Edinburg Medical Journal, January, 1890; the latter had successfully employed it in the treatment of obstinate and long-standing cases, as well as acute neuralgia, headache, faceache, earache, toothache, and bronchial asthma. The application causes about the same temporary discomfort as would a pinch of snuff, but is not followed by bad results, and is usually successful.- Texas Medical Journal.

DYSENTERY.-Powdered cinnamon in dram (4 grams) doses, mixed with a few drops of water, and made into a ball. To be taken morning and evening, washed down by a mouthful of water. Treatment derived from the Persian. Tried by author for past two years; thirty cases being thus cured, some by one or two doses, the worst by six doses.-The Lancet.

WOMEN AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BUDA-PESTH.-The University of Buda-Pesth, in response to an inquiry addressed to it by the Minister of Instruction, has expressed the opinion that women should be admitted to the classes in the medical and pharmaceutical faculties, and should be eligible for degrees in those subjects.

AT a recent meeting of the Trustees of Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, the honorary degree of LL. D. was conferred on Dr. John Collins Warren, Professor of Surgery in Harvard University.

Deaths under CHLOROFORM.-Two deaths from chloroform anesthesia have recently occurred in Beriin, in both of which there were heart lesions which might have been recognized during life.

Special Notices.

A TEST IN PHARMACAL "ETHICS."—Mr. E. A. Schubert, of Fostoria, Ohio, in the course of a paper on pharmacal ethics, relates this account of a practical test of the professional integrity and competency of retail druggists in a given section of his State, a section, by the way, probably the equal in professional intelligence and honesty of the average community in Ohio and other States. "I espoused the thought,” remarks Mr. Schubert, "that it would be a capital idea to write a prescription of easy composition and analysis, to see how many druggists would fill it correctly. I set to work immediately, mailing to each of fifty physicians one of these prescriptions, at the same time asking him to write it as a prescription of his own, send some friend with it to his druggist to have it filled, a copy taken and returned to me with the compounded prescription. Out of the fifty requests sent out, I received thirty-seven answers. The prescription called for a three-ounce preparation; but, placing them side by side, I found twenty-one to be three-ounce preparations, seven were in size four ounces, while the rest ranged in size from five to eight ounces. It was to be an emulsion; nineteen were of that composition, the remainder were far from being true to name. In color, when correctly filled, it would be nearly white; of these twentytwo were true in color, while the remainder ranged from a steel gray to nearly all the known hues. The principal active ingredient was the acetate of morphine; thirteen only contained this, the remainder principally contained the sulphate. Out of the entire number returned eleven were found to be filled correctly. The remainder were base substitutions, either through ignorance or intention. Of the eleven that were correct, nine came from the hands of Ph. G.'s, the remaining two were compounded by old and reliable druggists in the city. Of the twenty-six not properly filled we found five Ph. G.'s, the remainder were country druggists having very little experience in this line, and located, with but few exceptions, in towns of 6,000 inhabitants and less." Can it be possible that this sort of recklessness and ignorance characterizes the profession in other intelligent communities?— Western Druggist, Aug., 1895.

A STRANGE PHENOMENON OCCURRING IN A CASE of GonorRHEA.--I have been prescribing Sanmetto in nearly all urinary diseases for the past four years. I treated a case gonorrhea about three years ago, the result of which is without parallel. After treating the case four days considerable hemorrhage occurred, then followed the strangest phenomenon I have ever seen or read of-strings of muco-purulent consistency, resembling chicken guts, over a yard long, passed from the urethra. This peculiar condition lasted several days, when I thought of Sanmetto. After taking teaspoonful doses of Sanmetto every four hours for twenty-four hours he was relieved of the trouble, and recovered rapidly afterward, using only two bottles. I should have reported this case sooner, but neglected it. I still prescribe Sanmetto when indicated. I. N. DAWSON, M. D., Duncansby, Miss.

KIDNEY AND BLADDER DISEASE.-I had a case of kidney and bladder disease in a lady aged fifty or fifty-five. Had used most all the ordinary remedies with little or only partial relief. I put her on Renol tablets, four to be taken daily. Before the end of the first week the patient claimed that the tablets had done her more good than all the medicine I had given her before. I have used the Renol in other cases with good satisfaction, and will continue to use it.

A. C. JACKSON, M. D., Goshen, Ind.

IF your dyspeptic patient is "out of sorts with loss of appetite, give him two or more teaspoonfuls of Seng before each meal; an appetite will soon succeed his heretofore indifference to food.

Certainly it is excellent discipline for an author to feel that he must say all he has to say in the fewest possible words, or his reader is sure to skip them; and in the plainest possible words, or his reader will certainly misunderstand them. Generally, also, a downright fact may be told in a plain way; and we want downright facts at present more than any thing else.-RUSKIN.

Original Articles.

A FEW CRUMBS ABOUT TYPHOID FEVER.*

BY J. N. BAUGHMAN, M. D.

The title of this paper, "A Few Crumbs About Typhoid Fever," will be strictly adhered to, for it would be asking too much of this Society to expect them to listen to a paper going into all the minutia of a disease that is so prevalent in all portions of the globe as to call for the earnest thought of every intelligent physician who is supposed to know all that is to be learned in our text-books in regard to this disease.

It shall be my aim to bring to the notice of the Society more especially the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of typhoid fever, for it is now universally conceded by the advanced members of our profession that the Eberth bacillus is the potent factor in the causation of typhoid fever, and that Peyer's and the solitary glands of the small intestine are the seat of the trouble or headquarters from which every symptom takes its start.

I am convinced that if we would always be on the alert to prevent the spread of the typhoid bacillus we would have fewer cases and milder ones of this trouble than has been shown by the records of the past. We are too much in the habit of expecting to find all of the typical symptoms of typhoid fever before we write our diagnosis as such, and I feel assured that is the reason, or one of the reasons, why the prognosis in all our text-books is so grave. We are told that in

* Read at the June meeting of the Kentucky State Medical Society, 1895.