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precisely upon the word intended. 3. The return, in which the hand should be dropped gently and slowly without slapping the sides of the body.

The supine hand, palm upward, is used to express goodhumor, frankness and generalization.

The prone hand, palm downward, shows superposition, or the resting of one thing upon another.

The vertical hand, palm outward, is used in warding off, putting from, and in repugnant and disagreeable thought. The clenched hand is used in anger, defiance and great emphasis.

The index finger is used to specialize and indicate.

Both hands are used in appeal and to express intensity, expansiveness and greatness. Usually one hand should slightly lead the other. The hands are clasped in prayer and wrung in grief.

The feet. The standing position should be easy, the feet at an angle of forty-five degrees, one foot in advance of the other, the width of the base depending upon the height of the speaker. The knees should be straight, shoulders even and chin level. Avoid rising on the toes and too frequent change of foot position. The most graceful effect is secured when the left foot is forward and the gesture made with the right hand, or vice versa. This combination` gives balance, tho it is not always possible to use it. The change of foot position will not be so noticeable if done in the act of making a gesture.

The position may be Active or Passive. Passive position is that of normal discourse. Active position may be Advanced or Retired. The Advanced is used in great earnestness, excitement, intensity, or courageousness.

EXAMPLES

1. Freedom calls you! quick, be ready.
Think of what your sires have done;
Onward, onward! strong and steady,-
Drive the tyrant to his den;

On, and let the watchword be,
Country, home, and liberty.

"Polish War Song."

JAMES G. PERCIVAL.

2. Therefore, I pray and exhort you not to reject this measure. By all you hold most dear, by all the ties that bind every one of us to our common order and our common country, I solemnly adjure you, I warn you, I implore you,-yea on my bended knees I supplicate you,-reject not this bill!

LORD BROUGHAM.

The Retired is used in fear, defiance, horror and indignation.

1. Thy threats, thy mercies I defy,
And give thee in the teeth the lie!

2. My lords, I cannot repress my indignation. I feel myself impelled to speak. My lords, we are called upon as members of this House, as men, as Christians, to protest against such horrible barbarity! That God and nature have put into our hands! What ideas of God and nature that noble lord may entertain, I know not; but I know that such detestable principles are equally abhorrent to religion and humanity. EARL OF CHATHAM.

For Repose practise a strong dramatic passage without making any visible movements.

SUGGESTIONS

Don't make too many gestures with the same hand.
Don't lean.

If possible, avoid using handkerchief.

Don't button and unbutton your coat.

Avoid artificiality, affectation, familiarity and crudeness. Too few gestures are better than too many.

Don't shrug the shoulders.

Seldom apologize.

Look your audience in the eyes.

When possible, one gesture should glide into the next. Use only that member of the body actually required. The hands should not be held behind the back for any length of time, nor be clasped in front, nor should they fumble, twitch or play with each other, rest on the watch chain or in the buttonhole, and should never be kept in the pockets while one is before an audience.

Practise the outline above, first with each hand separately, then with both hands. The movement should begin at the wrist, gradually extend to the elbow, ending with a broad sweeping movement from the shoulder. The aim should be to make the circles alike in size and curve.

There are three Zones in which gestures are made: The Upper, Middle and Lower. To the first, located about the head and above it, belong such thoughts as are joyous,

highly intellectual, spiritual, imaginative and exalted; to the second, at the middle of the body, belong the unemotional, narrative, didactic and conversational; and to the third, below the middle of the body, belong such thoughts as are emphatic, determined and forceful.

There are four principal directions in which gestures move: Front, Oblique, Side and Back. The front position denotes future, propinquity, and objects of direct address; the oblique position is used for general and indefinite statements; the side for distance and breadth; the back for that which is remote, past or hidden.

In the following exercises, nine examples are arranged under each heading. The first three are to be made to the front of the speaker, the next three in an oblique direction, and the last three to the side. The gesture should be given precisely on the first word in italics.

EXAMPLES OF GESTURE

ONE HAND SUPINE-MIDDLE ZONE

1. Do you confess the bond?

2. What trade art thou?

3. That is your exclusive province to determine.

4. Character is better than reputation.

5. My early life ran quiet as the brooks by which I sported.

6. Truth, honor, justice were his motives.

7. I must fly, but follow quick.

8. The father saw,-and his fury fled.

9. Whatever impedes his progress shall be removed.

BOTH HANDS SUPINE-MIDDLE ZONE

1. Forward! through blood and toil, and cloud and fire!

2. I appeal to you by the unity of our race.

3. Do you not know me?

4. Romans, countrymen and lovers!

5. I hold my hands to you to show they still are free!

6. Now let there be the merry sound of music and the dance! 7. Farewell, a long farewell to all my greatness.

8. Proclaim the tidings to all people.

9. On a sudden open fly the infernal gates.

ONE HAND SUPINE-ASCENDING

1. The star of hope lures on.

2. Aspire to the highest and noblest attainments.

3. Yon gentle hills, robed in a garment of untrodden snow. 4. Up with your ladders! Quick! 'tis but a chance!

5. Soft is the strain when Zephyr gently blows.

6. Fix your eye upon excellence.

7. Away, oh away, soars the fearless and free.

8. Heaving higher and higher their accordant notes.

9. Takes shape like bubble tossing in the wind.

BOTH HANDS SUPINE-ASCENDING

1. Now glory to the Lord of Hosts, from whom all glories are! 2. Give your children food, O Father!

3. Hear my last prayer!-I ask no mortal wreath.

4. Ye crags and peaks, I'm with you once again.

5. The sun bursts through the battle-smoke.

6. Too low they build who build beneath the stars.

7. Rouse, ye Romans! rouse ye slaves!

8. All the vaulted arches rang with music.

9. Joy, joy forever! my task is done!

ONE HAND SUPINE-DESCENDING

1. I protest against such a measure.

2. I cast in the whirlpool a goblet of gold.

3. Great men, too, lie where they fall.

4. Thus conscience does make cowards of us all.

5. The first test of a truly great man is his humility.

6. I ne'er will ask for quarter, and I ne'er will be your slave!

7. Oh judgment, thou art fled to brutish beasts.

8. He has become too vile for association.

9. Who steals my purse, steals trash.

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