branch so that it could be used for general hospital purposes for people living west of Mill Creek. There are a goodly number of physicians who live in that vicinity who could be induced to act as the general staff for the branch hospital. The writer believes the day has arrived when this should be the policy of the Board of Hospital Trustees. The old hospital should be changed in its functions to that of an emergency hospital, and to be for no other purpose.

The hospital has in it one of the finest medical libraries on this continent. This library is invaluable to the medical profession, belongs to it and is scarcely ever used by those who are most interested in it, for which there is good and sufficient reason. Entering the hospital for a consultation of books, one is obliged to take the most rickety, worn-out elevator to be found in the city of Cincinnati. It is a disgrace from every standpoint, and is not modern in anything. The lift will carry two or three people at a time, and not more, to the fourth story, where the only catalogue to be found is the librarian, who is on duty at stated hours, most of them not convenient for consultation purposes, if one goes to the hospital for such an errand. The library is in the top of the Administrative Building, and always in danger of a fire. It is the most hazardous structure now to be found in Cincinnati. This great invaluable stock of medical books, now numbering more than fifteen. thousand volumes, is without a catalogue of reference or anything of the kind to indicate anything. The library might well find a place in the new fire-proof library of the University, or, what would be still better, transference to the Public Library, which is already overcrowded with books and must seek relief at a very early date in a new modern fire-proof structure to be erected for that specific purpose.

It need not again be stated that Cincinnati is growing in population at a pro

digious ratio. The hospital must needs keep up with the march and trend of events. So with the Public Library. While the world do move, it is moving a good deal faster in some locations than in others, and one of the most rapid to be found anywhere in America is the city of Cincinnati. The hospital is not crowded because of an undue amount of sickness, for there is not occasion in this direction, but on account of the great and rapid increase in population. This natural increase also furnishes a corresponding increase of patients for private hospitals.

As stated last week the Cincinnati Sanitarium is obliged by its overcrowded condition to extend and increase its facilities for the care of patients. So far as known there is not at this time a private hospital in Cincinnati that is not more or less crowded in its capacity for the care of patients who are not indigent. With scarcely an exception the denominational hospitals are private institutions so far as their management is concerned.

Longview Hospital for the Insane is also in a similar condition. Within a year that institution has largely increased its capacity by an erection of a so-called cottage building, which is to perform the functions of a receiving hospital. No sooner is that accomplished than there is a demand for additional cottages. The new Cincinnati Hospital just under contemplation cannot possibly acquire too much ground for its accommodation, and it is believed about twenty-five acres has been obtained. This will accommodate a new modern hospital erected on the cottage. plan, which is believed to be the very best and most feasible, as well as economical, of all methods for housing the indigent poor.

It is claimed that one drop of chloroform on sugar, three times a day, for a month, will insure exemption from attacks of gall-stone and jaundice.-Med. Sum

mary.

HOUSE OF REFUGE.

The Cincinnati House of Refuge is a public institution for the care of homeless boys and girls. This is also very badly crowded, and should be removed at the earliest possible date. Some years ago the writer indicated in these pages that the Cincinnati House of Refuge should find an abiding place on what is known as the Markley farm. This is a farm. originally purchased for the Cincinnati Water-Works. Another location was substituted for the latter, but the farm still remains in fee simple the property of Cincinnati. It is just the place for such an institution. Another desirable place may be found in the neighborhood of the bluffs overlooking the Ohio River at North Bend, in the vicinity of Ex-President Harrison's tomb. This is an ideal point for any such purpose, and should be utilized in that direction. It is to the west of the city and down the river, while the Markley farm is up the river and above the Water-Works, which is an objectionable feature. The lower location is, on this account, very greatly to be preferred, as it would be necessary to extend a sewer from the Markley farm to a point below the new Water-Works. This could be

done, but it would be somewhat expensive. These are two points to select from in a re-location of this institution.

The Children's Home, which is now kept up as a private philanthropy and doing a vast amount of good, is located immediately opposite the City Hall, in a good building which should be continued and utilized as a first receptacle for homeless children, just as it is now, and be made as a receiving station for the House of Refuge. The latter institution is greatly misunderstood by [most people, they believing that it is a home for criminal children. While it does answer such a purpose, it is also a home for friendless and homeless children, the two classes being kept separate and distinct one from

the other. As already stated, the North Bend location is an ideal one for such a purpose, where a farm of two or three hundred acres, and not less, should be purchased for an accommodation of the wants of the House of Refuge. This would enable the municipal authorities having it in charge to erect a village of cottages for the accommodation of those who are to become wards of the county. With the phenomenal additional population of Cincinnati, there must be an ample provision made for a city with more than a million of people within its boundary lines. That time will not be far off, and may be confidently looked forward to as in a near approaching census condition.

Eosinophilia in Pelvic Lesions.

Much attention has recently been devoted to the condition of the leucocytes in pelvic and abdominal disease. Dr.W. H. Weir (in the current number of the American Journal of Medical Sciences) gives the result of routine microscopic examination of all tissues removed in an extensive series of gynecological operations. Eosinophiles, it would seem, take a prominent part in the cellular infiltration associated with inflammatory and suppurative processes of the pelvic organs. In largest numbers in the subacute stage and such conditions they usually occur in the associated with connective tissue hyperplasia. Eosinophilic infiltration is found in most cases of carcinoma of the cervix and in almost all cases of pyosalpinx and ovarian abscess. In inflammatory conditions of the endometrium eosinophiles occur in small numbers and in but few cases. Eosinophiles represent a large proportion of the cells forming the stroma of the mucosa in the normal and diseased vermiform appendix. From the point of view of the pathologist all this is of much interest, but the diagnostician unfortunately receives. but uncertain assistance thereby, for in inflammatory conditions of the pelvic organs associated with an eosinophilic infiltration of the tissues the percentage of eosinophiles in the circulating blood is rarely increased, and usually decreased.— Med. Press and Circular.

Obituary.

GUSTAV BRUHL, M.D.

In the demise of Dr. Gustav Bruhl, who died suddenly of paralysis of the heart on February 16, Cincinnati lost its oldest and most prominent German physician. Although he had retired from the practice of medicine about twelve years ago, he is well remembered by the older members of the profession as one of the pioneers in the medical as well as literary circles of the city.

Dr. Bruhl was born in Germany in 1826, and received his literary and medical education in the universities of Munich, Halle and Berlin. He emigrated to this country in 1848 with the intention of entering upon the practice of medicine in St. Louis, but being detained in this city from continuing his journey on account of the low stage of the Ohio River, he was prevailed upon by a relative whom he met here to remain in Cincinnati. He began practice in the West End, a part of the city then known as 'Texas,' on account of the great distance from the business center, and he had remained in that locality until the time of his death. He soon acquired a large and extensive practice, as he was for many years the only German physician in the western portion of the city, and this was inaugurated by the outbreak of the cholera epidemic, which here, as elsewhere, made fearful ravages. He was thus kept busy day and hight attending to the many victims of this scourge all over the city, and thereby acquired one of the largest, if not the largest, general practice in Cincinnati, which he retained for many years afterwards.

The amount of physical labor involved was prodigious, often amounting to one hundred visits per day, besides a large office practice, yet in spite of all this he never neglected any opportunity for literary work, and soon became identified with the leaders of culture and education, particularly in German circles. Naturally of a literary bend and endowed with a splendid classical education, he soon distinguished himself as a writer and public speaker on social and educational topics. As a constantly close student of all that pertained to medical science, he remained

continually in the front rank of his profession. Thus he was the first to introduce the use of the laryngoscope in this city soon after its invention, after having visited Czermak in Prague and Tuerck in Vienna for the purpose of learning the art of laryngoscopy. On his return to the city lectured on this specialty to physicians and students at the Miami Medical College, and he always took a pardonable pride in the fact that such well-known clinicians as the late Prof. J. T. Whittaker, of the Medical College of Ohio, and Prof. J. C. Mackenzie, of the Miami Medical College, were among his most distinguished pupils. Although he continued this specialty for some years afterwards, he never gave up the general practice of medicine, and acquired a reputation also in other lines. Thus he was esteemed as a skillful obstetrician, and was at one time offered the chair of obstetrics in the Ohio Medical College, as well as the Cincinnati Hospital, but declined these honors, partly on account of the exigencies of his practice, partly on account of his diffidence in lecturing in English, for, although he was thoroughly acquainted with the language, his pronounced foreign accent made him chary of venturing himself in this tongue. But if he declined for the reasons mentioned a position on the staff of the City Hospital, his efforts in public service were expended in another quarter. In 1858 a German band of nuns came to this city from Aixla-Chapelle to found a hospital, which was to be a public charity irrespective of creed or nationality. Dr. Bruhl was one of the first promoters of the enterprise, and extended to the sisters both financial and professional aid. He became their first physician, and for some time was the sole medical attendant at a period when his own private practice demanded nearly all of his time. He witnessed the rapid growth of this institution, serving in the capacity of physician for a number of years, until it has become the second largest hospital of this city, and now

numbers a dozen members on its staff. It need scarcely be stated that this institution is St. Mary's Hospital, or, as it is popularly known, Betts Street Hospital.

Although he kept aloof from politics as a profession, his opinion was frequently sought by advanced politicians of both political parties, as he always had been a

close student of the questions of the day, and with word and pen championed the cause of American free institutions. After the founding of the Cincinnati University he was chosen as one of the first members of the Board of Trustees, and with his counsel greatly aided this difficult enterprise in organizing a public higher educational institution. He was also for a number of years one of the Board of Examiners for candidates as teachers of the public schools of Cincinnati. Besides being an early member of the Literary Club of Cincinnati, he was the founder of the German Literary Club, which has kept pace with its American sister in the dissemination of culture and learning in the Queen City. In German literature he was regarded as a scholar. His poetical and prose writings were justly celebrated as among the best that the German element of America has produced. As a poet he was pre-eminent, and some of his productions were frequently quoted as literary masterpieces. As they were published under a pseudonym, many of his intimate friends were for a long time unaware that he was their author.

a

In later years Dr. Bruhl devoted his time principally to the study of anthropology ond ethnology. The first incentive to this he derived from his position as editor of a magazine called Der Pionier, whose object was to collect all historical facts pertaining to the arrival of the German element in America. He soon pushed his labors farther, and extended his studies to more remote periods in the civilization of this hemisphere. The outcome was the publication of a large volume entitled "Die Culturvoelker AltAmerica's" ("The Aborigines of Primitive America"). He was engaged upon similar subject at the time of his death, for he was revising the manuscript of an article bearing the title: "Die Herkunft. der amerikanischen Urbevoelkerung und ihre Cultur" ("The Origin of the Aborigines of America and their State of Culture"). For the purpose of collecting material in these studies, Dr. Bruhl made numerous journeys throughout the length and breadth of this country, as well as several trips to Europe, Asia and Africa, publishing his investigations in various American and European journals, and gathering some of them in another volume

with the title: "Von Alaska zum Feuerland" ("From Alaska to Patagonia-Terra del Fuego"). An Important medicohistorical contribution, the result of these studies, was a paper read some twenty years ago before the Cincinnati Medical Society, entitled: "The Pre-Columbian Origin of Syphilis". In this he expounded the theory that syphilis originated in America, and was thence spread in Europe by the returning Spaniards. This article excited considerable comment, and, although it was rejected by many at that time, the doctor lived long enough to witness the acceptance of his views by many leading syphilographers in both Europe and America.

As already mentioned, Dr. Bruhl retired from active practice about twelve years ago, soon after the death of his wife, but always took an active interest in the development of medical science, and kept abreast in the literature of his profession. Besides his medical library, he has left a valuable collection of works on "Americana." Most of these are written in Spanish, Portuguese and French, besides some valuable volumes in Latin, German and English, which were secured at a great cost, and form one of the most valuable private libraries on this subject.

As a tribute to his character, we may conclude with the following editorial from the leading German daily newspaper of this city, the Cincinnati Volksblatt, of February 17, 1903:

"The demise of Dr. Bruhl is to be considered as a serious loss to the Germans of Cincinnati. The deceased stood in the front rank of those champions who made it a life duty to introduce all the noble qualities of the German nation into this country. With untiring energy he labored with voice and pen to this end, and his achievements have not been inconsiderable. He has built himself a monument in his poetical productions, which are conspicuous for their deep sentiment and finished form, as he was indeed a master of the German tongue. ** Dr. Bruhl was of a profoundly religious nature, who always had an open hand for the needy. He never made any display of his charities, but, on the contrary, always endeavored to conceal them. He was an ideal representative of the German population, whose citizens will ever hold him in faithful remembrance."

*

TYPHOID FEVER.-In the treatment of this

disease it is necessary to control the patient's temperature, and to keep the alimentary canal in as nearly aseptic condition as possible. The effort of the physician, however, must be directed toward preventing intestinal perforation. No other remedy will accomplish this end more readily or satisfactorily than Daniel's Conc. Tinc. Passiflora Incarnata. The experience of the medical profession justifies the confidence which it has so often expressed. In the whole intestinal tract this remedy acts as a sedative and hypnotic. It does not lessen the supply of blood to any organ of the body, but gives natural and consistent nerve rest.

Daniel's Passiflora does not impair the heart action or produce constipation, but as a mild laxative and diuretic acts pleasantly as an elimi. nant and nervine.

EXTRACT from an article entitled "The Heart in Typhoid and Malarial Fevers," by Dr. S. Aug. Freund, Berlin, Germany, in November number Medical Brief:

Have I a case of fever? Then I do not lose sight of the enteric disorder; and yet with my thoughts upon that, I still remember that there is a heart that is liable at any hour to complicate matters. That heart calls for the bromidia. It prevents the irritation, the poisoning. It cures the irritation, the poisoning. I cannot dispense with it. How did I learn this? Partly (as I have outlined) by experiment, and partly by surgical experi

ence.

What do I mean by surgical experience? This. It is after the shock, after the operation, may be, after the fever invades. What is that which we say? "All will go well, unless heart failure should ensue." We all know that expression. It is heard every day. But since I began to employ bromidia for the pain this has been eliminated. I never dread "heart failure" when I administer bromidia in my surgical cases. This is tantamount to saying that I never dread and never fear it, as in all surgical cases, without an exception, I give bromidia.

Current Literature.

State Hospital for Inebriates at Foxboro, Massachusetts.

At the close of the recent annual meeting of our association at Boston, the officers and members paid a visit to this hospital, which is situated about twenty miles south of Boston. Foxboro is a quiet farm village and the hospital is situated a mile from the center of the town in the midst

The

of a rolling, wooded country. The buildings are on the cottage plan and are of brick, two stories in height, with high basements, containing dormitories and large day rooms facing the south. Each of the cottages or dormitories accommodate from fifty to seventy persons, and are graded according to their condition. The dining-room and kitchen occupy a separate building. The chapel, recreation hall and bath-rooms are in another building. broom factory is by itself, and the boiler house, with dynamo and laundry, are also separate. Each of these buildings are large, well kept, warm and well ventilated. The day rooms at the end of the hall are cheerful, sunny pariors, supplied with books. and papers, resembling a good club room. Many of the patients are employed in the large broom shop and in the work of the farm, also in the duties of the house and surroundings. They are all committed from the courts with a history of from five to twenty years of excessive use of alcohol. Most of them are in middle life and of the chronic classes; others are police court repeaters who have served short sentences for intoxication in the jails and reformatories of the State. Others come from the better class, who, through reckless dissipation, have lost friends, money and home, and are sent here to prevent them from becoming permanently insane or incurable paupers. The capacity of the hospital is two hundred. At the time of our visit one hundred and ninety were under treatThe general plan of treatment is modified restraint, giving liberties to those who can be trusted, and military restraint to those who are unable to care for themselves. One of the special measures of treatment, which seems to be more thoroughly carried out here than in any other

ment.