Wyandotte Constitution.-The final constitu-
tion of the State of Kansas, adopted Oct. 4,
1859. It was ratified by a vote of 10,421 to
5,530. It prohibited slavery. The governor
was to be elected for 2 years, and Topeka
Iwas made the capital. This constitution
was adopted at Wyandotte, now a part of
Kansas City, Kans. (See also Lecompton
Constitution; Topeka Constitution.)
Wyandotte Indians.-A tribe of the Iro-
quoian family of Indians. When first known
to the whites they occupied a narrow strip of
land in Ontario, but between 1615 and 1650
they were almost exterminated in war with
neighboring tribes. They joined with another
tribe and soon spread along the south and
west shores of Lake Erie and acquired con-
siderable influence. The Wyandottes sided
with the French till the close of Pontiac's
War and aided the British in the War of
1812. The word "Wyandotte" means "calf
of the leg," and refers to the manner in
which they cut their meat. They were called
"Hurons" by the French on account of the
arrangement of their hair, which resembled
the bristles of a wild boar. They now num-
ber about 700, mostly at Quapaw Agency,
Ind. T.

Referred to, V, 304.

Transmitted for exercise of powers for ful-
filling, X, 46.

Wyld, Robert S., act for relief of, approved
and reasons therefor, VIII, 152.
Wyoming. One of the United States; motto,
"Equal rights." It lies between lat. 41° and
45° north and long. 104° and 111° west. It is
bounded on the north by Montana, on the
east by South Dakota and Nebraska, on the
south by Colorado and Utah, and on the west
by Utah and Idaho. The surface being
mountainous, the leading industries are
stock raising and mining. Gold, coal, iron.
and petroleum are the chief minerals. Most
of the present State_vas included in the
Louisiana Purchase. It was organized as a
Territory in 1868 from areas previously in
Dakota, Idaho, and Utah, but derived more
remotely from the original Territories of
Nebraska, Utah, and Oregon, a portion hav-
ing at one time also belonged to Washing-
ton. Wyoming was admitted to the Union
in 1890. Area, 97,890 sq. miles; population,
according to the State census of 1905, 101,
816.

Wyoming:

Admission of, into Union discussed, IX, 118.
Chinamen injured by lawless men in, VIII,
329, 383, 498.

Indemnity to, recommended, VIII, 634.
Appropriation for, VIII, 782.
Troops sent to protect, VIII, 348.
Lands in, set apart for public reservation by
proclamation, IX, 142, 155, 789, 793.
Organized band of persons in, referred to,
VII, 60.

Unlawful combinations in, proclamations
against, IX, 290, 500.

Wyoming Controversy.-In the original char-

ter granted by Charles I to William Penn the
northern boundary of Pennsylvania was fixed
at lat. 43° north. However, the proprietors
of the colony accepted 42° as the northern
boundary and extended the southern bound-
ary to include the Chesapeake and Dela-
ware bays. Connecticut claimed all the ter-
ritory north of 41° in Pennsylvania, and
asserted her rights by chartering the Susque-
hanna Company, organized in 1753, to form
settlements in the disputed territory. In 1762
the company sent its first party of settlers,
200 in number, into the region, but they were
driven out by the Indians, who repudiated a
previous sale of their rights to Connecticut
and made a sale to Pennsylvania. In 1769
the Susquehanna Company sent more col-
onists into the disputed country, and a des-
ultory warfare began between them and the
Pennsylvania settlers, to whom the territory
had been leased. The former were several
times driven out of the disputed district by the
Pennsylvanians, but they finally obtained a
permanent lodgment, as the Pennsylvania
contestants were only lessees, while their op-
ponents fought for their property rights. Hos-
tilities with the mother country caused a sus-
pension of civil strife for a time. In 1779 an
act of the Pennsylvania legislature trans-
ferred all the proprietary lands to the State.
Pennsylvania brought suit against Connect-
icut to decide the jurisdiction over Wyoming,
The case was heard by 5 judges at Trenton.
In November, 1782, their unanimous decision,
afterwards confirmed by Congress, was in
favor of Pennsylvania.

Wyoming Massacre.-July 3, 1778, Col. Zebu-
lon Butler, of the Continental army, with a
force of about 300 militiamen, mostly old men
and boys, marched out of Forty Fort, in the
Wyoming Valley, about 3 miles above Wilkes-
barre, Pa., to drive off an invading party
of some 800 Indians and Tories under Chief
Joseph Brant and the British Colonel Walter
Butler. The Indians burned the forts in the
upper part of the valley and forced the Amer-
ican militiamen to retreat in disorder.
the 300 who left the fort in the morning the
names of 162 officers and men are recorded
as killed in action and the massacre which
followed. Butler, the British officer in com-
mand, reported the taking of 227 scalps and
only 5 prisoners. Col. Zebulon Butler with
14 men escaped from the valley.

X

Of

X. Y. Z. Mission.-An American embassy to
France in 1797, consisting of Charles C. Pinck-
ney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry.
Francis Dana declined appointment to this
mission because of ill health. During the
strained relations between the United States
and the French Republic it became necessary
to ask for the recall of Genêt, the French
minister. In return France asked that Gou-
verneur Morris be recalled. Wishing to avoid
rupture between the two Republics, President
John Adams called a special session of Con-
gress and announced his intention of sending
a special mission to France to conciliate that
country if possible (I, 245). In October the
commission met at Paris and endeavored to

X. Y. Z. Mission-Continued.

open negotiations with Talleyrand, the minis-
ter of foreign affairs. Talleyrand deputed 3
special agents to treat with the Americans,
and these were designated in dispatches to the
United States Government as X., Y., and Z.,
respectively. They suggested that the Ameri-
can commissioners submit to Talleyrand a
proposal from the United States to lend to
France a large sum of money, or that the
United States accept from France the assign-
ment of a loan extorted from the Dutch, and
that one of the envoys return to America to
arrange the details of the business. The com-
missioners flatly refused the proposals, and
their mission, which was fruitless, terminated.
The correspondence was disclosed upon their
return and aroused much indignation against
France. While on this mission Charles
Cotesworth Pinckney made the famous reply
to an intimation that peace might be assured
by a payment of money, Millions for de-
fense, but not a cent for tribute."

Y

Yakama Indians, treaty with, V, 381.
Yakima Reservation, Wash., lands on, to be
used by Northern Pacific Railway, VIII, 277,
369, 593.

Yale, The, mentioned, X, 93.

Yamgheim, Eli. J., act granting pension to,
vetoed, VIII, 817.

Yancton Indians, treaty with, II, 346.
Yanctoni Indians, treaty with, II, 346.
Yangtse River, steamers sailing under Ameri-
can flag prohibited from passing through
Straw Shoe Channel on, VI, 698, 704.
Yankee, The, mentioned, X, 92.
Yankee Doodle.-A popular national air of
the United States. The words are said to
have been written in derision of the ill-as-
sorted Continental troops, about 1755, by Dr.
Schuckburgh, a surgeon under Gen. Amherst
in the French and Indian War. The origi-
nal title was "The Yankee's Return from
Camp," and there are several versions. The
tune has undergone various changes.
Yankees.-A word of uncertain origin, first
applied to the early English colonists, later by
the English to Americans generally, and still
later to Northerners by people of the South.
According to common legend, Yankees is a
corruption of Yengees, Yaunghees, or Yang-
hies, a name said to have been given by the
Massachuset Indians to the English colo-
nists in their efforts to pronounce the word
"English" or the French word "Anglais.
It was first applied to the New Englanders
as a term of reproach by British soldiers.
Yard, James, consul to Santa Cruz, nomina-
tion of, I, 98.

66

Yazoo Frauds.-A term applied to the sale by
the State of Georgia in 1795 of ner western
territory, now included in Alabama and
Mississippi, to 4 land companies, known
generally as the Yazoo companies from the
district in which they operated. The land
extended from the Alabama and Coosa
rivers to the Mississippi, and from the thirty-
first to the thirty-fifth parallel, and the price
paid to the state was $500,000, or about 1%
cents per acre. It was charged that many

members of the legislature who voted for the
sale had been bribed. President Washing-
ton made the alleged frauds the subject of
a special message (1, 175). The people of
the State were indignant and a party was
formed to repeal the sale. In 1796 the rec-
ords of the transaction were burned in the
presence of the governor and legislature.
Immediately numerous claims sprang up,
which had to be decided by Congress. The
territory was ceded to the United States in
1802. The next year Presidert Jefferson ap-
pointed a commission to investigate the
claims, and James Madison, chairman of the
commission, recommended a compromise,
but Georgia refused to compensate the claim-
ants. Their claim was sustained by the Su-
preme Court, however, Chief Justice Marshall
holding that allegations of bribery of the
legislature could not be entertained, and
that purchasers from the land companies
were innocent holders; that the act of the
Georgia legislature in 1796 repealing the
sale of 1795 was an abrogation of contract,
and therefore void. Finally an act was
passed in 1814 appropriating $8,000,000 pay-
able out of the proceeds of the sale of Miss-
issippi lands to satisfy the Yazoo claimants.
Yellow Fever (see also Contagious Diseases;

International Sanitary Conference; Quar-
antine Regulations):

Commission to investigate causes, etc., of,
recommended, X, 116.

In Southern States discussed, VII, 492.

Act legalizing issue of provisions to suffer-
ers recommended, VII, 500.
Yellowstone National Park. (See National
Parks.)

Yellowstone National Park, compensation
to superintendent of, referred to, VII, 82.
Yokum, William, report in case of, trans-
mitted, VI, 211.

York (Canada), Capture of. The plans for
the prosecution of the war with Great Brit-
ain in 1813 contemplated an invasion of
Canada from both the east and the west.
Gen. Harrison successfully carried out the
programme in the west, routed Proctor's
army, and was in possession of the territory.
Apr. 27 Gen. Dearborn, with about 1,700
men under the immediate command of Gen.
Zebulon Pike, crossed Lake Ontario on
Commodore Chauncey's transports and
marched upon the British garrison at York
(now Toronto), where Maj. Gen. Sheaffe
was in command of 800 regulars and a body
of Indians. A sharp conflict ensued. The
British and Indians were routed. By the
explosion of a magazine Gen. Pike was
killed, together with 51 other Americans and
40 British; 180 Americans were wounded by
the explosion. The American loss in the
battle was 269 on land and 17 on water.
The British lost, besides the prisoners, 60
killed and 89 wounded.

York, Canada, reduction of, by American
forces, I, 539.

Yorke, Louis A., act for relief of, vetoed, IX,

492.

Yorktown, The. (See Baltimore, The.)
Yorktown, Va., monument at, completed and
recommendations regarding, VIII, 263.
Yorktown Centennial Celebration:
British flag to be saluted by American army
and navy forces at, VIII, 37.
Referred to, VIII, 38.

Zanesville, Ohio, act for erection of public
building at, vetoed, VIII, 431.
Zantzinger, William P., purser in Navy.
nomination of, and reasons therefor, IX, 571.
Zantzingers, John P., captain in Navy, nomi-
nation of, and reasons therefor, III, 528.
Zanzibar, treaty with, VIII, 610.
Zenger's Case.-One of the most important
struggles for the freedom of the press in
America. John Peter Zenger was editor and
publisher of the New York Weekly Journal,
which was founded by him in 1726. His
newspaper openly denounced the adminis-
tration of the colonial government. For
this he was brought to trial in 1735, charged

with the publication of "false, scandalous,
malicious, seditious libels" against the royal
government of the Colony of New York.
Strenuous efforts were made to secure Zen-
ger's conviction, but no jury could be found
to convict him.

Zepeda, Señor, treaty between United States
and Nicaragua concluded by, V, 34.
Zollverein.-A union of German States for
the maintenance of uniform rates of duty on
imports from other countries and of free
trade among themselves. It began in 1828 in
an agreement between Prussia and the Grand
Duchy of Hesse, and gradually developed
until now it is coextensive with the German
Empire, and also includes the Grand Duchy
of Luxemburg.

Zollverein, The. (See Germany.)
Zona Libre.-A narrow strip of territory along
the northern border of Mexico, so called be-
cause certain articles imported for consump-
tion in it were formerly exempted from cus-
toms duties. It was first established in 1858.
Imports into the zone latterly paid 10 per
cent. of the ordinary duties, except cattle,
which paid full duty. The zone was sup-
pressed July 1, 1905.

Zona Libre:

Discussed, VII, 101, 146, 341; VIII, 219; X,
109.

Referred to, VIII, 610.

Zuloaga, Félix, supreme power in Mexico
assigned to, V, 563, 644.