and threw our line into confusion. Sigel again seeing the necessity of holding Bald Hill directed Koltes' brigade to go to their assistance. He made a gallant charge in which he surrendered up his life, but the hill was not retaken. General Schenck was wounded while leading a charge.

As our troops came back, Longstreet attempted to take possession of the hill where the Henry House stands, turn our left, and get possession of the road to the Stone Bridge, but was thwarted by Buchanan's Regulars, assisted by the two brigades under General Tower.

Reynolds here reformed his lines with those commands which formed a nucleus for other troops to rally round, and checked the great tidal wave of Longstreet's troops.

Pope had left the field and put Hooker in command, who directed General Gibbon to cover the retreat. He (Gibbon) then gave the order to retire. When the troops of Gibbon's brigade arrived near the Stone Bridge, Kearny rode up to Battery B, 4th United States Artillery, and directed it to hold that position until he gave orders for it to be relieved. Companies B and G of the 19th Indiana, under the command of Capt. W. W. Dudley, supported the battery, and destroyed the bridge after all the troops had crossed. It was then well into night, and confusion again began to reign as it did a year previous when the first Bull Run was fought.

The commands of Sumner and Franklin lay within a few miles of the battlefield on the 30th, and that, too, right in rear of Jackson's corps. If these troops had been hurled on Jackson he could not have maintained his posi tion a single hour; and there was ample time for their arrival on the field, as the last assault began about halfpast four in the afternoon and continued until the Union Army gave way. If they had attacked as late as five o'clock defeat would have been changed into victory.

While the Confederate army was following up the retreating columns of the Union forces, General Lee was seated on a log, in company with some officers, when his

RUN

horse got frightened, and so badly hurt or sprained the general's arm in his attempt to hold him that he could not ride on horseback, and was compelled to go in an ambulance until he arrived at Sharpsburg just before the battle of Antietam.

That there was rank jealousy against Pope, everyone in the army knew. In speaking of that matter to me, Pleasonton said that Pope came from the Western army to take command at a time when misfortune, more or less, had attended our operations; that already the spirit of jealousy was exhibiting itself at home, but to have a foreign officer, so to speak, come and to take command, even if he had had success in the West, was more than our officers could bear. He said he declined service in the West on that very account.

Pleasonton was a clear-headed officer, who seldom exhibited jealousy against other officers, and never in but one instance did I ever hear him so speak during the time that he assisted me in this work, and then in no unkind manner.

There was one element that was always loyal to every commander, and that was the rank and file-they wished everyone a victory and did all in their power to accomplish that end. A more patriotic and intelligent army I do not think was ever organized, and many of them have since occupied positions on the bench-two from the 19th Indiana-Gibson and Buckles stand high as judges in California, while others have been governors of States; W. W. Brown, of the Pennsylvania Reserves, served four years in Congress where he made his mark. Their loyalty to the Constitution and their country has never flagged. Many of them were the descendants of the soldiers of the Revolution, and the country with one flag will ever be safe in their hands either in peace or war.

Pope's army lay around Centerville on August 31, Sigel on the south, Franklin immediately around the village, and Porter at the north.

On September 1 Pope, learning that Jackson was men

acing his right and rear, hastily moved his army to Fairfax Court House.

Hooker was again placed in command and took the Little River road. In marching in the direction of Chantilly he passed through Germantown, with McDowell and Franklin taking position to his left and rear, at the angle of the roads.

Reno formed on Hooker's left, with Heintzelman's corps supporting, Kearny's division leading. Ricketts' division, of the First Corps, and a part of King's division, acted in conjunction with Reno.

Patrick's brigade was pushed forward in the direction of Chantilly, and the 20th New York (Ulster Guard) was especially detailed to report to Hooker, who directed. Colonel Gates to take possession of a piece of woods and hold it near where the enemy appeared to be fixing to place a battery in position. Colonel Gates deployed the regi

ment, and held the position until relieved.

In

As Jackson marched in the direction of Fairfax, he struck Hooker, and opened his artillery without effect. the mean time he had formed his corps to the right of the road, with Starke's division first, then Lawton's, and finally A. P. Hill's. The latter opened the battle, with Brockenborough's and Branch's brigades upon the Union left. These forces made no impression upon Reno who, in turn, drove them back in disorder. Hill at once ordered Thomas, Pender, and Gregg, with a part of Lawton's division, to their assistance.

The second attack fell heavily on Stevens' division, which gave way when its gallant commander was killed. Here a sad occurrence took place. As the battle raged with desperate fury, Stevens took the colors of a regiment and was in the act of riding to the front with them, when he was informed that his son, who was on his staff, had been mortally wounded on the left of the line. He turned to a chaplain, and asked him to go to his son. scarcely finished his request when he was killed.

He had

This movement forced back Reno. Kearny coming up with the advanced division of Heintzelman's corps, ordered Birney's brigade into the gap made by Stevens' division. Then Kearny rode forward to examine the situation at the front, when he soon found himself right up to the enemy's lines, who ordered him to halt. Turning his horse suddenly to retrace his steps, a volley from the enemy mortally wounded him. Thus ended the life and military career of an officer booked for fame. As an officer of dash, coolness, decision, and military spirit Kearny was not excelled, and his death was a great loss to the Union cause.

This battle was fought while a thunderstorm was raging with a madness that seemed livid with its fury.

The next morning Pope's army moved on unmolested to its destination in front of Washington, where the different commands took their old quarters, while their chief, General Pope, reported to the War Department, and asked to be relieved, which was speedily done, and his army vanished from existence as if it had never been created. So ended one of the distinctive events of the war, remembered

in history for its bright prospects and monumental failure.

THE

CHAPTER V.

SOUTH MOUNTAIN.

HE Army of the Potomac had again suffered defeat on the same inglorious field of Bull Run, and that stream had proven itself bitter waters to the Union forces. The defeat of the second Bull Run was more severe than the first, for that was fought at the beginning of the war; both armies had been seasoned and disciplined with the Peninsular Campaign, and having met after that, were more fully prepared for war in the second.

After the first battle our troops were not pursued much this side of Centerville, but Chantilly was fought after the second, where we lost Kearny and Stevens.

Lee had pursued the Union Army almost to Washington, where it rested inside of the fortifications.

What should he do? Wherever the two armies had met the Confederates had decidedly the advantage, and now he was pausing only a few miles from Arlington, his old home, which came to him from Colonel Custis. Lee married his granddaughter.

Victorious he could not retire to Richmond without confessing a weakness or timidity. If he remained where he was he might be flanked with a heavy army, and suffer defeat, which would neutralize his former work.

Maryland was a slave State, and there were many bitter secessionists in it who were loud in their professions of that fact. The State was rich in many respects; no army had marched through it to consume its fine products. Her pastures were filled with fat cattle and splendid horses.