of December 10, 1902. The Clinical Society of Louisville, to the presidency of which he had been recently elected, while painfully afflicted by the sad bereavement which has befallen it, desire to attest their unvarying affection and respect for him while living, their unfeigned sorrow upon his death, and the devotion in which they will ever cherish his memory. A native of Würzburg, Bavaria, where he was born August 1, 1842, he came to Louisville in his early youth, and by the force of his superior intellect, his innate character, and his application to study, was at the top of his profession, and at an age when from his vigorous constitution he gave promise of yet many years of usefulness, he has been suddenly called from the bosom of an affectionate family and the paths of usefulness and honor which he had trodden for a third of a century.

Being thoroughly educated in chemistry, and having for some time pursued the avocation of a pharmacist, his taste and ambition led him to the study of medicine, and when in 1869, having been graduated with honor from the medical department of the University of Louisville, he entered upon the practice of his profession so thoroughly equipped, and with such elements of zeal and personal attraction, that he at once foreshadowed in his practice the success and popularity which placed him in the front rank of his calling. To the substantial merit which secured him this recognition, his friends and associates desire here, not in the language of fulsome eulogy, but in the simple tribute of sincere respect and sorrow, to bear the fullest testimony which language can convey. In recording this expression of our own feelings we desire also to tender our sincere sympathy and condolence to his bereaved wife and family.

"Brave heart, high mind, and noble soul,

Farewell, until we come to thee!

Rich was thy journey to the goal,

And great thy bliss and state shall be."

Resolved, That these proceedings be spread upon the minutes of the Society, and that an engrossed copy be sent to the family of the deceased. CARL WEIDNER, M. D., President.

PHILIP F. BARBOUR, M. D., Secretary.

Current Surgical and Medical Selections.

POULTICES AND COUNTER-IRRITANTS.—Some very useful information upon this subject is contained in an article by Hanna Kindborn in the Trained Nurse for February. She writes at some length upon local applications for the treatment of inflammation, describing leeching, cupping, bleeding, hot and cold applications, etc. She then speaks of poultices as follows:

A hot poultice should be hot, moist, light in color and weight, applied to relieve inflammation, draw pus to surface, etc. Should never be allowed to get cold on the patient; should be put between folds of gauze or muslin ; lubricate skin, test heat against your cheek, remembering that the interior is warmer than the exterior. Cover with absorbent cotton and bandage loosely. Apply poultice gradually by allowing it to slip from the hand. Make poultice two inches larger all around than the inflamed area. Discontinue use of the same as soon as tissues are softened and pus evacuated.

The following poultices are mostly used: Flaxseed or linseed meal, bread, yeast, flour, Indian corn and oat meal, carrot, onion, slippery elm, charcoal, antiseptic soap, starch, spice, butter, digitalis leaves, etc.

Flaxseed meal poultice is made by stirring the meal into boiling water, allow it to boil until thick enough to cut with a knife, remove from fire, beat well, put between folds of gauze; apply.

Bread poultice is made of old bread or crackers, boiled in water until mushy; drain, beat well and quickly put between folds of gauze; apply. Yeast poultice: Take freshly made dough, put in bag large enough to allow the dough to rise; apply while rising.

Flour poultice is made as flaxseed meal poultice, after the flour has been thoroughly mixed in cold water.

Indian corn and oat meal poultices are made as flaxseed meal poultices. Carrot poultice: Scrape carrots fine, put between single fold of gauze; apply in cases of irritating skin diseases.

Onion poultice: Chop onions very fine, apply as above; used in cases of bronchitis and croup in children. Prevent exposure afterward, as the pores are opened.

Slippery elm poultice: Take slippery elm, soak in boiling water until soft, drain, beat, and apply. Used in skin diseases when elimination is too acid in reaction.

Sprinkle half of charcoal in poultice and half on wound.

gangrenous sores.

Used in

Antiseptic poultice: Use flaxseed meal and I per cent antiseptic solution in place of water. For gangrenous and otherwise infected wound.

Soap poultice: Used in preparing surface of skin for surgical operations. Either made with solution of green soap in which gauze is soaked and wrung out from, or green soap paste, thinly spread on gauze.

Starch poultice, made like mucilage of starch, only thicker; applied cold in cases of irritating skin diseases.

Butter poultice: Used in cases of colic in children. Melt butter, soak flannel, and apply hot to abdomen.

Digitalis poultice: Used in retention of urine. Make a flaxseed meal poultice, sprinkle powdered digitalis leaves either over the surface of poultice or stir it in with the same.

Jacket poultice: Make an ordinary double jacket of flannel, open at shoulder, sides, and front; fasten with tapes. Slip poultice between. Or quilt gauze and cotton batting, and use as a protector in pneumonia cases.

Spice poultices are made with all kinds of spices; put in a bag, soak in brandy, and apply as a counter-irritant.

Counter-irritants.-Rubefacients, mild irritants: Tincture iodine, chloroform, mustard, turpentine, ammonia, tincture capsicum.

Apply tincture iodine three times in succession; if covered over will irritate more. In some individuals this drug produces pustular eruption.

Chloroform can be applied as liniment, as: Soap liniment two parts, chloroform one part; rubbed into the skin with the hands; or it can be applied pure, pouring same on a blotting paper and applying to skin. Both ways are beneficial, and when used the parts should be covered over, as it is the vapor accumulated that irritates. When using the blotting paper be careful not to let it blister.

Mustard can be used as paste poultice, paper, and leaves.
Paste is made as follows:

Or mustard and the white of an egg can be made into a paste. Avoid using vinegar and hot water, as they change the active principle of the mustard. Put paste between folds of gauze, lubricate skin; if cold weather apply first with a hot fomentation; apply paste, cover well over with cotton and bedclothing, allow to remain until skin becomes red, generally ten to twenty minutes, remove, and powder surface of skin with talcum powder.

Mustard poultice is made by adding one to four drachms powdered mustard to a flaxseed meal poultice.

Mustard paper or plaster is used by first soaking in tepid water, skin lubricated, and paper applied.

Mustard leaves are placed in a muslin bag, dipped in water (tepid), and applied. This form of mustard poultice is used for children.

Turpentine is either used as an emulsion, applied like chloroform liniment, or as a stupe.

Ammonia is used as a liniment, applied like chloroform liniment. Tincture of capsicum is very strong and used sometimes to blister; it is very irritating to the skin and can be removed with alcohol, if so desired. Vesication or blistering is done by applying cantharidal plaster or collodion. The plaster should be applied as follows: Cut a hole in a piece of adhesive plaster as large as you desire the blister, apply to surface made surgically clean and rubbed with turpentine (shaved if necessary), put the cantharidal plaster in the opening made and fasten loosely with a bandage. Eight to fifteen hours are required to draw a blister, but the formation of the same can be hastened by application of heat over the plaster.

1. Open the blister thus formed by inserting a sterile needle one-fourth of an inch below and above the blister into the same, thus forming a canal through which the fluid finds an outlet. Apply sterile cotton to absorb discharge and change when required.

2. Open blister by cutting a few openings in the same; dress as above mentioned.

3. Open blister by removing skin at once, quickly apply sterile cotton to exclude air. Wash with normal salt solution when changing dressing. When using cantharidal collodion, apply it with a camel's-hair brush to the skin.

Drugs that produce pustular eruption are croton oil (oleum tigli) and tartar of antimony.

They are rubbed into the skin and will in a short time form the pustulars. Med. Standard.

RESECTION OF NEARLY EIGHT FEET OF GANGRENOUS INTESTINE: RECOVERY.-Harris (Medical Record, New York, October 11, 1902) states that the removal of large portions of the intestines, with recovery of the patient, is becoming much more common than in former years, and where there is an abundance of time in which to prepare the patient, with plenty of assistance and good light, this operation is robbed of many of its difficulties; but when, on the other hand, the operation is performed in an emergency, after the patient has been brought a long distance in an ambulance, he being more or less exhausted, with a violent peritonitis in progress, it is an entirely different thing. These circumstances, together with the extreme length of the intestine removed and the apparent complete recovery of the patient, are the reasons for reporting the case of a man, aged thirtythree years, whose history was negative except for four attacks of severe abdominal pain during the past five years. The present attack came on suddenly in the morning with severe pain, which centred in the umbilical region. This soon passed off under brandy and massage of the abdomen,

and the patient laid down and slept about an hour. On arising the pain began again, and was more severe than at first. A physician was called and two hypodermics, each of one-quarter grain of morphine sulphate, were given without relief. The patient vomited fluid and mucus, and enematas of hot water proved ineffectual. There was a point of tenderness about the size of the palm of the hand above and to the left of the umbilicus. Operation being decided upon, the patient was removed to the hospital in an ambulance, a distance of twelve miles, and arrived there at 1.30 in the morning. Nothing definite was learned by an examination of the abdomen, and an incision was then made in the right hypochondrium. As soon as the abdomen was opened there was a tremendous gush of blood-stained serum containing blood and lymph, showing that an acute peritonitis was in progress. Exploration with the fingers showed a large mass of intestine bound down in the right iliac region, so the wound was closed and the abdomen reopened in the median line, when a very large mass of gangrenous intestines appeared. The mass was about seven inches in the transverse diameter, and the coils of which it was composed ran, for the most part, transversely; a few, however, were parallel with the long diameter of the abdomen. The point of constriction was close to the posterior abdominal wall and the cecum. It being impossible to uncoil the intestines, the constricting band, which seemed to be mesentery of about the size of a lead pencil, was divided and the intestines spread out on hot towels and allowed to remain for over twenty minutes. The intestine proved to be the ileum; the mesentery in many places was sloughing and entirely gone. There was one spot where a perforation had taken place, but there did not seem to have been much extravasation. The color not having improved, the ileum was clamped and divided close to the cecum, the remaining vessels of the mesentery were tied and cut away close to the spine; above, the division was made one inch from the upper limit of the gangrene. The mass of gangrenous intestines was then removed, and the abdomen thoroughly flushed out with hot salt solution and preparation made for joining the intestines. The opening in the cecum was closed, the edges being inserted and closed with a double row of Lembert sutures, one half of a Murphy button being first put into the cecum. This button was then pushed against the wall on the other side of the cecum beside the appendix, and an opening being made, the button was brought through and held by an assistant. The end of the ileum was inverted and closed by a double row of Lembert sutures, the second half of the button having been previously placed in the bowel. This was brought through in the same way as the other, and the intestine was joined to the cecum by a lateral anastomosis. No additional sutures were required except in the mesentery. The abdomen was again thoroughiy flushed out, the wound closed in the usual manner, and a wet bichloride dressing applied. The portion of intestine removed measured seven feet ten inches. The patient had two large abscesses in the abdominal wounds during convalescence, one at the first incision and the other at