Abiogenesis, 458, 459, 461.

Absolute Being, discussion of, 286-292;
definition, 286, 154; its existence a nec-
essary principle of reason, 286 f., 505 f.,
135; acknowledged by Spencerian ag-
nostics, 286, 288, 469, 505 f., 513; what it
is, manifested in the universe, not
known a priori, 287, 75 f.; is the All-
conditioning, 288; not an empty idea
void of contents in consciousness, 288;
significance if it results from the regis-
tered experience of mankind, 288; false
conceptions, 289 f., 167; objections
founded thereon, 290 f.; personality of,
291 f., 506, 514, 169 f., 191, 193, 448.
Abstraction, 53; abstract or formal
thought, 54; its inadequacy, 56 f.; ex-
emplified in theology, 6; abstractions
hypostasized, 201.

Absurd, the, cannot be made real, 185.
Action, human, uniformity of explained,
399 f.; at a distance, 421, 425, 497.
Adjustment, 462, 493, 489.

Esthetics, Principles of, 230-243; æsthe-
tic emotions, 243-248; culture, 248-250;
æsthetics and theism, 250, 251; theories,
251-255.

Æsop, 331.
Agassiz, 52.

Agnosticism, complete, defined, 10 f.;
partial, 11; involves the complete, 11,
513, complete not tenable, 17 f.; any
theory involving it is false, 19 f.; athe-
istic theories involve it, 5, 81 f., 133, 151;
Spencerian agnosticism disproved by
Hegel's maxim, 18; contradicted by
the practical side of man's nature, 35;
contradicts itself, 75, 135, 446 f., 470 f.;
confounds the unthinkable with the in-
conceivable, 27 f.; false basis of ethics,
195 f.; false conception of the absolute,
513.

All, the, unity of, not numerical, 83.
Almightiness of God regulated by reason,
528 f.

Altruism of Comte, 216, 478; of Spencer
in conflict with egoism, 479; comple-
mental in Christianity, 479 f., 212.
Ambrose, greatness of man, 332.
Anaxagoras, reason the cause of the
world, 184.

Annihilation, 536.

Anselm, crede ut intelligas, 80; a lie not
right if God should will it, 198.
Anthropomorphism, 110 f., 147 f., 451 f.,

559.

Anticipations of genius, 71, 66 f.

Antinomies of reason, the objection and
the answer, 128-135; of physical science,
419.

Antoninus, M. A., the world his country,
210.

Apprehension, 49 f.

Aquinas, Thomas, 57, 183, 362.

Archetypes eternal in the absolute
reason, 90, 495, 516 f., 153 f., 182 f., 191 f.,
250, 268.

Archimedes, 69, 245.

Argyll, Duke of, 338, 411, 501, 545, 546.
Aristippus, 257, 258.

Aristotle, 69, 71, 109, 114, 122, 152, 154, 158,

184, 196, 210, 331 f., 552.

Arnold, M., 32, 214, 340, 344, 414.
Artist, above nature, 228.

Association of ideas, theory of ethics
founded on, 193; and of rational in-
tuition, 135 f.; and of memory, 48.
Astronomy, Copernican, 383, 491; Ptole-
maic, 294, 464, 548.

Atheism, limit of, 4; involves complete
agnosticism, 4, 5, 81 f., 133, 151, Bacon,
the influence of philosophy on, 326; its
promulgation as implied in physical
science, 337; reaction in superstition
and fanaticism, 556 f.
Atkinson, 453.

Atoms, ancient and modern conceptions,
501, 416 f.; vortex-atom, 417; manufac-
tured articles, 497 f.; incompatible with
monism, 446.

Attraction, difficulties in scientific ex-
planation of gravitation, 421 f.: of co-
hesion and chemical affinity, 423.

Augustine, 19, 25, 79, 109, 157, 183, 197, 388,
510.

Austin, 189.

Authority, 188, submission to, 206.
Automata, conscious, 518; intelligence
lapsed into automatic action; Spencer
and Lewes, 488.
Averages, law of, 400 f.

B.

Bacon, Lord, 42, 71, 88, 110, 303 f., 306, 311,
326, 328, 333, 548.

Bacon, Roger, 69.

Bain, Prof., 137, 252 f., 364, 365, 366, 446.
Bakunin, 486.

Basil, 332

Beauty, discussion of, 230-255; definition,
230 f.; outshining of truth, reveals an
ideal, 231 f.; modes in which revealed,
232 f.; is spiritual, 234 f.; has objective
reality, 238; manifested only to reason,
238 f.; universal standard, 239 f.; dis-
tinguished from sublimity, 241 f.; the
contrary of the ugly, 242 f.; perceived
by the intellect, 243; emotions of the
beautiful, 243-248; erroneous theories,
251-255.

Being, known in presentative intuition,
cannot be defined, 155; determinate,
156; known in the "forms" of rational
intuition, 156; in its whole reality, 156;
substance and quality, 157; the funda-
mental reality, presupposed in other
ultimate realities, 157; modes of its ex-
istence, 158-167; knowledge begins as
the knowledge of being, 167 f.; and of
personal and impersonal, 168 f.; the de-
terminate being the unit of thought,
158, 171 f.; not primarily the genus, 171
f.; not the one substance of Spinoza,
172 f.; finite beings real beings, 174 f.;
not an attribute but the subject of
attributes, 175 f.; determinateness not
limitation, 176 f.; attributes common
to all beings, 176; Kant, Fichte and
Hegel, 169 f.; not a vacant phase of
thought, 174; affirmation of it not in-
determinate and weak, 175, 176.
Belief and reflective knowledge, 72, 76 f.;
79 f. belief of testimony, 80; Clifford
on belief without scientific investiga-
tion, 39.

Bentham, 260, 277.

Berkeley, 432, 556.

Body, spiritual, 386, 437.

Boole, 57, 178.

Boscovich, 88.

Bowen, Prof., 97, 159, 60.

Bowne, Prof., 97, 159.

Boyle, Robert, universe a sort of clock,
529.

their attributes, 537-554; mental quali
ties of, are qualities of men, 537; quali
ties of personality distinguish men
from, 537-543; anthropomorphic con-
ceptions of, 542; attainments of men
impossible to brutes, 543 f.; objection,
if valid, would prove that brutes are
persons, not that men are impersonal,
546; man supernatural, 547-551; man is
spirit, 551-554.

Bryant, W. C., 239.

Büchner, Dr., 117, 435, 375.
Bucke, Dr., R. M,, 214.
Buckle, 218 f., 373, 401.
Buddhism, 221, 516, 211.
Buffon, on probabilities, 85.
Bulwer-Lytton, 39.

Caird, Philosophy of Religion, 51, 524, 526,
529.

Calderwood, Prof., criticism of Edwards,
352 f.

Caprice, not involved in freedom of will,
351, 361-364, 394, 399; nor in God's al
mightiness, 523 f., 526; Dr. Samuel
Clarke's error, 529, 530.
Carlyle, 57, 213, 343.

Carpenter, Dr., 140, 325, 367, 381, 415, 419,
461.

Categories, 152-154; Aristotle's, 152, 154,
158; Kant's use of, 152, 153, 154.
Cause, definition, 158 f.; implies power,
159; distinguished from the causal
judgment, which is a rational intuition,
114; used by Comte though denying
knowledge of it, 127; involves a first
cause or absolute being, 168; complex
of causes, 62; causal efficiency and the
will, 349 f.; final causes, 38 f., 502 f.
Chabas, on ancient Egyptian ethics, 224.
Champollion, the Rosetta stone, 67.
Character, primarily choice, 396, 354, 357-
361; object of the choice a person or
persons, 357; object of right choice, God

In his relation to all persons in a moral
system, 358 f.; the love required in
God's law is primarily a free choice,
359 f., 207; character manifested in sub-
ordinate choices and volitional action,
360; character, secondarily in the state
of the intellect and sensibilities and in
the habits, 360 f.; the rational system
presupposed in moral character, 361;
influence of character on subsequent
determinations, 396 f.; voluntary ac-
tion constantly modifies character, 397
f.; man free with whatever character,
398; actions not transitions from com-
plete indetermination, 398 f.; practical
result of theory of freedom of indiffer-
ence, 399; a basis of uniformity of ac-
tion, 399-402.

Choice, and volition, 349, 351–357.
Christianity, influence on the progress
of civilization, correcting Draper's
misrepresentation, 328-333.
Chrysippus, 41.
Chrysostom, 237, 332.

Church, catholic, responsibility for me-
diæval civilization, 329 f.; Guizot on,
329.

Cicero, 183, 209 f., 223, 228, 332.

Circumstances, freedom from control of,
378-381.

Civilization and Christianity, 328-333.
Clarke, Samuel, 491, 528, 529; significance
of his a priori argument for existence
of God, 203.

Clement of Alexandria, 76.

Clerk-Maxwell, 417, 418, 422, 423, 424, 496 f.,

498.

Clifford, Prof., 20, 39, 63, 96, 128, 164, 296, 368

f., 431, 475, 524.

Climate, effect on human development,

373-375.

extent and limitation of the authority
of scientists as teachers, 335-337; legiti-
mate conflict with atheism disguised
as science, 337-340; no extraordinary
reason for alarm now, 340-344; har-
mony from necessary relations of
empirical, philosophical, and theologi-
cal science, 304-319; the moral harmony
and the moral conflict, 560-564.
Conscience, defined, 195; categoric im-
perative outstripped by love, 490, 205-
207, 276, 277.
Consciousness, primitive, is knowledge
of the subject, the object and the
knowledge, 12, 10, 91; unity of, inex-
plicable by molecular motion, 443. See
Self-consciousness.

Constantine, 26.

Copernicus, 327, 333, 491.

Copula, hypostasizing, 175.

Cosmic agencies, theory that they de-
termine character and civilization and
disprove free-will, 372-376.
Cousin, on the ideal, 251.
Creation of the universe, 508-510; in what
sense, 508, 510; Augustine's conception,
510; compatible with evolution and
required by it, 508 f.; individuating,
513-516; not something out of nothing,
515; Buddhism contrasted with theism,
516.

Creative thought, 54-56, 227-230.

Crede ut intelligas, 76 f., 80.
Criteria of primitive knowledge, 26-31;
first, 26; second, 27 f.; third, 29 f.;
fourth, 30 f. Hamilton's mental impo-
tence, 27.
Crooke, 73.

Czolbe, 424.

D.

Cobbe, Frances P., 147.

Coleridge, 115, 238.

Collard, Royer, 98, 123.

Common sense, meanings, 81.

Comte, 69, 88, 92 f., 125, 127, 137, 149, 168, 214,
305, 312, 313, 321 f., 323, 330 f., 338, 451, 468,
479, 546; his positivism as a basis for
materialism, 428-434.
Concrete thinking, definition, 54; scien-
tific investigation principally by it,
56-59; principles underlying, 60 f.; as
essential in philosophy and theology
as in empirical science, 61.
Conflict of physical science and theology,
319-344; origin in error or ignorance,
319-321; reconciliation by correcting
error and enlarging knowledge, 321-326;
alleged historical antagonism exagger-
ated, 323-334; effect of Christianity on
civilization, 328-333; correction of the-
ological opinion may be necessary, 334;

D'Alembert, 116.

Darwin, Charles, 477, 478, 542; Erasmus,

252.

Darwinism, 459-463, 465, 467.

Davy, Sir H., 327.

Death, a liberation, not a limit, 385.
Deism, 510 f., 529, 312.
Democritus, 462, 556.

De Morgan, 93 f.
Denslow, Dr., 482, 485.

Descartes, 26, 71, 82, 97 f., 116 f., 137, 174, 176,
197, 198, 464.

Determinate being, object of knowledge
at its beginning; the unit of thought,
171-175; determinateness of being does
not limit, 176-178, 291.
Determinations of the will, 349-357, 364 f.,
394-396.

d'Holbach, Baron, 435.
Diderot, 136, 193, 368, 372.

Education of the human race, 518 f.
Edwards, on love and self-love, 263; on
the unprecedented “infidel apostasy
of his day, 341; on freedom of the will,
363, 387, 390; on God's immanence in
nature, sustaining it, 512; Calderwood's
criticism of, 352 f.; the younger Ed-
wards, 390.

Ego or person, the world and God the
three realities known, 14 f.; Kant's
transcendental ego, 99-109.
Egoism and altruism, 211 f., 479 f.
Ellot, George, 240, 480; Eliot, President,
319.

Elements, or simple substances, 416.
Eloquence, a virtue, 216; distinguished
from acting, and not an amusement,
246.

Elsler, Fanny, 542.

Empirical science, definition, 294; two
divisions, physical and psychological,
295, is the first grade of scientific knowl-
edge, 294: proof that is so, 301 f.: proof
that it must have the two divisions,
302; harmony with noetic and theolo-
gical sciences, 304-319; their alleged
conflict, 319-344; depends on the prin-
ciples of noetic science, 8, 304 f., 122 f.,
123 f., 125, 126, 430, 317-319, 15 f., 321-323.
Emotions, 345, 350; instinctive or natural,
346; rational, 347.

Encyclical of Pius IX., 329.

Energy, potential and actual, the sum
always the same, in what sense true,
505 f.

Energizing Reason the ground of the
universe, 82-84, 448, 468-471, 420, 361.
Enjoyment. (See Happiness.)
Epictetus, 41, 223.

Epicurus, 259.

Essence, used instead of substance, 157.
Ether, 417, 419.

Ethics, discussion of, 183-226; (for analy.
sis, see Table of Contents, chap. ix.)
Significance of ethical terms, 187-189;
certainty of moral ideas and distine-
tions, 189 f.; false theories, 193-203;
moral distinctions founded on the asso-
ciation of ideas, 193; derived from the
idea of happiness, 193; originate in the
feelings, 193 f.; Moral Sense, 195; cre-
ated by the fiat of God's will, 195-188;
eternal in the constitution of things,
independent of God, 198-203.
Eudaemonism, 257.

Evil, the essential, 278: relative, 278;
kingdom of Satan and of God, and their
antagonism, 278 f., 521, 525 f., 527, 532-536,
564; suffering and sin in relation to
God's government, 528-536.

Evolution, materialistic objection from,
455-536. (For analysis, see Contents, 80.)
Ethics founded on, 216-218, 467 f., 475-
488; and creation, 472-474, 508-510.
Excitement, pleasure of, not æsthetic
emotion, 247; morbid, 348.
Existence, modes of, 158-167.
Experience, of the individual not the
origin of rational intuition, 135-137; nor
that of the race, 137-142; knowledge
not confined to, 73-75, 450, 15-17; knowl-
edge begins in experience, 10, 17, 72 f.,
76 f.

Extension in space, 162 f.

Eye, Tyndall on its evolution, 462.

F.

Faculties of the mind, 45, 78, 32 f.
Fairchild, Prof., 200.
Faith, present commonly in human
action, 37 f.; and intelligence, 76 f., 79
f.; synthesis of reason and, 7 f., 9; used
with various meanings, 79-81; faith-
faculty, 7, 77-79.

Fallibility and knowledge, 20-26.
Fancy, 55, 228.

Faraday, 454, 499.

Feeling, willing and knowing, 31-43; dis-
tinct but not separate, 31 f.; philosophy
must recognize this, 32-35; feeling and
willing not in themselves, criteria of
knowledge, 34 f.; are so with certain

qualifications; their relation to knowl-
edge, 35-38; errors of skepticism from
overlooking, 38-43; false conception of
the love of truth, or the scientific spirit,
39 f.; relation of right moral and re-
ligious spirit to the scientific spirit, 43;
feeling a source of knowledge, 348; feel-
ings not the basis of ethical distinc-
tions, 193-195; nor of æsthetics, 243; nor
of the prudential feelings and self-re-
spect, 283. (See Sensibilities and Emo-
tions.)

Felix, Minucius, 220.

Ferrier, Prof., David, 440; Prof. J. F., 145.
Fetichism, 25, 556.
Feuerbach, 174.

Fichte, I. H., 174, 214, 314, 428; J. G. Fichte,
20, 49, 76, 168, 169, 273, 388.

Final cause, 38 f., 502 f.; Lord Bacon on,

304.

Finite and infinite. (See Absolute ;)
limitation and quantity, 165; finite
beings real, 174 f., 507 f.; finite and in-
finite not the same as phenomenal and
real, 515; objections to theism from
finiteness not valid, 518-531; finite
persons essential to a moral system,
526; finiteness of knowledge, 22.
Fiske, Prof. John, 112, 149, 298, 420, 439 f.,
451, 462, 469, 489, 492, 501 f., 559, 449.
Flammantia moenia mundi, 192, 516.
Flint, Prof. Robert, 184.
Flourens, Gustave, 486.

Force and matter, some other cause
necessary to account for the universe,
420-424, and to account for personality,
424 f.; force, matter and motion said
by Spencer to be eternal, 472, 497.
Force, persistence of, does not account
for gravitation, 421 f.; nor cohesion
and chemical affinity, 423 f.; need of
something more recognized by scien-
tists, 424 f.

Force, persistence of, materialistic objec-
tion founded on it, 434-454. (For analy-
sis, see Contents, 79; see Power.)
Form and matter, 152 f.
Franklin, B., 67, 68.
Free agent, defined, 409; known in self-
consciousness, 98 f.; power of finite free
agents circumscribed by the Absolute
Reason, energizing in expressing eter-
nal truths and realizing the archetypal
plan, 524-526.

Freedom, different meanings, 386-389.
Freedom of the will, or moral freedom,
definition, 361; inheres in rationality,
361 f.; is the capacity of choosing in
the light of reason, 363; different defi-
nition of Edwards, 363, power of con-
trary choice, 363; knowledge of free
will of the highest certainty, 365-370;

Genius, anticipations of, 71, 72.
Gladstone, 85.

God, known in experience, 1; is energiz-
ing reason, 8, 81-84, 448, 468–471, 420; es-
sentially the same in kind with man's
reason, 8, 82, 182 f., 143–151; universe
grounded therein, 83, 171, 426; necessary
to science, keystone of the arch of
scientific knowledge, 560-564, 312-314, 82
f., 361; Creator, 508-510, 515; is the prius
of the universe, 172; is a personal being
178, 291 f., 506 f., 527 f.; immanently ac-
tive in the universe, 510-513, 550; re-
veals himself in the finite, 513-516; not
creating something out of nothing,
515; realizing the eternal archetypal
plan, 516-518; progressively realizing
it, 518-523; in uniform and continuous
action according to law, not with ca-
price, 523-526, 529, 530; determinate but
not limited, 176-178; his existence con-
sistent with scientific evolution, 468-
471; demanded by it, 502-537; almighti-
ness regulated by reason, 198, 523, 526,
529, 530, 561, 562; is Love, 526 f.; with
all rational creatures in a rational sys-
tem, 361, 526 f., 560; confessions of great
scientists, 327 f.; resting-place of the
intellect, 203; eternity and immensity,
202 f.

Goethe, 13, 228, 239, 244, 249, 273, 324, 336, 381,
511, 549.

Golden rule by heathen writers, 222.
Good, the, fourth ultimate idea of reason,
256-285 (for analysis see Contents, chap.
xi.), 154, 180.

Government, defined, 189.

Grades or planes, series of in evolution,
495-502 (for analysis see Contents, 80, V.
4-9).

Grades of scientific knowledge, 293-344
(for analysis see Contents, chap. xiii.).
Gravitation, 124, 418, 421-423; law of, when
discovered, regarded as atheistic, 491.