first instance, in each of the new Colonies
a Governor and an Executive Council, con-
sisting of a certain number of official mem-
bers, to whom a nominated unofficial ele-
ment will be added. But it is the desire of
His Majesty's Government, as soon as cir-
cumstances permit, to introduce a repre-
repre-
sentative element and ultimately to concede
to the new colonies the privilege of self-
government. Moreover, on the cessation of
hostilities a High Court will be established
in each of the new colonies to administer the
law of the land, and this Court will be in-
dependent of the Executive." It is note-
worthy that in the treaty just signed no
mention is made of Crown Colony Gov-
ernment. Just what "civil government"
means is left in the vague. Probably the
Transvaal and the Orange River Colony
will for a time occupy an intermediate posi-
tion between a crown colony and a self-
governing colony like Canada.

Orange River Colonic tioned from them by Governments, or, subs by Commandants in th tion to enforce such r claims will have to be isfaction of a Judge o appointed by the Gov and assess them, and gregate £1,000,000, reduction pro rata.

"I beg to inform y Government will tal sideration the poss loan the occupants the oath of allegian sustained by destruc of stock during the tax will be impose the expense of the Tennyson, in h America, 1782," colonials "who wr the mother country like manner "wre from the British by perate résistance. selves pretty near cept independence ified form. With case is different, plained in a spec mons on June 2. Kitchener dealing lows:

The eighth clause, respecting the Kaffir vote, is shorter than the original provision: "As regards the extension of the franchise to Kaffirs in the Transvaal and Orange River Colony, it is not the intention-of His Majesty's Government to give such franchise before representative government is granted to these Colonies, and if then given it will be so limited as to secure the just predominance of the white races. The legal position of colored persons will, however, be similar to that which they hold in Cape Colony."

The ninth clause is wanting in the Middelburg document. Its insertion in the peace pact means much to the Boers.

The tenth clause, relating to financial provisions, is very different from the concession previously made, which allowed a grant of only £1,000,000 to the burghers, while now they can draw on British funds to an indefinite amount. The aid afforded is more ample, and there are no humiliating expressions used, such as "an act of grace.' The assurance that "His Majesty's Government will be prepared to make advances on loan" is quite different from considering "the possibility of assisting by loan," etc. The two paragraphs of the Middelburg conference are as follows:

"As regards the debts of the late Republican Governments, His Majesty's Government cannot undertake any liability. It is, however, prepared, as an act of grace, to set aside a sum not exceeding £1,000,000 to repay inhabitants of the Transvaal and

"His Majesty on record that and Natal colon bellion, and who return to their the colonial cou the laws of the subjects who

be liable to tria of the British I

His Maje formed by the views regardin British subject field, or who h captured since lows: With re should all, af their arms, sig dent magistra surrender, ac of high treas accorded the

A HOUSE WHICH HAS E HISTORIC.
The meeting plas
de: Vereeniging.

of murder or acts contrary to the usages
of civilized warfare, shall be that they are
not entitled, for life, to be registered as
voters, or vote in any parliamentary
provincial council or municipal election.
"With reference to justices of the peas
field cornets and all others who hold offic
positions under the government of
Colony, or who have been occupying a pare
tion of authority, or who have held
mands in the rebel or burgher forces
shall be tried for high treason bei the
ordinary courts of the country, or st
cial courts as may hereafter be con~*~
their punishment to be left to the
tion of such court, with the provis, **
no case shall the penalty of death-
flicted.

"The Natal Government are of
ion that rebels should be dealt with
ing to the law of the country."
"These arrangements." concl
Balfour, "the government have
The condition of Cape rebels, a

The language used in March.

desire to have the war over before
nation, that he "compelled his Min-
offer concessions to the Boers."
ors could certainly afford to be e-
Instead of exacting payment from
the gold mines are indemnity
cease fighting. They are glad to
ghers, they are actually paying the
the strife ended and to begin a new
reconstruction. Will the vis
act and patience, or will they repeat
anders of the past in dealing with the
race? The future is full of poss
and perils.

sh sovereignty in South Africa was
main thing, the root of the contention.
as the British fought for and won. The
threw down the gauntlet of war an
"Never again," has been the watch-
.td of the British Ministers. They were
termined to do the work so thoroughly.
it would not have to be one over.

or for

var involving British interests in one

in the Middelburg terms would, her quarter of the world. These hopes
ability, be the same as is now oved to be illusory. Except the United

States and Ho

follows: "British subjects bringer to sa
Natal and Cape Colony ryder of fr
be compelled to retu
will, if they do so, be
by the law of those
to meet the
present
the sp
greatl

enderel d 901, are ank and rand it before

rict in themsel punish

hey ar

high

was that of
the hope th

ther war
shaped
France a
reasons
thi

T

alone

1

nation lifted a
blics. Our
jected, as

ory was
Live an

not easy.
In this case, it is rendered doubly
difficult because of past failures. Old
wounds are slow to heal under a treatment
that is unnecessarily harsh. In the past the
British have at times shown a lack of con-
sideration for the Boers as men. Much de-
pends upon the mood of the conquerors.
An over-bearing manner, a needless show
of authority, and the use of force at the
wrong time-these are the things that may
make South Africa another Ireland. With
Milner removed from the scene, an obstacle
to success would be removed. With an-
other High Commissioner a more satisfac-
tory modus vivendi could be hoped for.
Chamberlain has been a thorn in the flesh,
and his influence may yet be fatal to har-
mony. A Liberal Ministry would doubt-
less get along better with the burghers. The
attempt to humble them may be carried too
far. With another Colonial Secretary the
prospects of reconstruction would be much
brighter.

against the unlimited resources of the British Empire.

Both sides longed for peace, and peace has come. That it will last a generation or more is probable. It is a question, however, whether British hopes of a permanent peace are well founded. While the British fancy themselves secure in the possession of the two republics, there are others who are not so optimistic. Boer domination in South Africa may yet be a fact, notwithstanding the British determination never to let it happen again.

With the increase of the Africander population, the Boer element may in time become the stronger, and the burghers may yet win the day by peaceful means, by cunning, by outvoting the men of British de

scent.

Another contingency may be looked for. There will be wars in Africa between European powers, and England will inevitably be drawn into a conflict that will tax her full strength. The Boers will be quick to see their opportunity, and Britain's foe can safely count upon them as effective allies.

Much depends, too, upon the officials chosen to administer affairs in the colonies. Will the British have the good sense to select some of the Boer leaders to fill responsible positions in the Government? Such a policy would make a favorable impression upon the burghers at the outset and would tend to promote loyalty and hearty cooperation in building up a common country.

It remains to be seen how much liberty and justice and equal opportunity the outlanders will enjoy under British rule. It may be doubted whether they will be better off under the capitalistic regime that Rhodes and other financiers have planned. National improvements, such as the Cape to Cairo railway, will come, and yet the future of South Africa is problematical.

Success in governing a subject people is

In the articles on the BOER WAR (pp. 24, 566, 964, 1236) details were given of the chief battles and other events of the struggle. A short chronological outline is appended.

1899.

Oct. 10-Kruger's ultimatum to the British, which expired Oct. II at 5 p. m. Oct. 12-Natal invaded by the Boers.

Oct. 15-Siege of Kimberley began: lasted 124 days; garrison nearly famished. Nov. 2-Ladysmith invested; siege lasted 117 days; several Boer assaults repulsed. Nov. 23-Battle of Belmont.

Nov. 25-Battle of Gras Pan (Enslin)
Nov. 28-Battle of Modder River.
Dec. 11-Battle of Magersfontein.
Dec. 15-Battle of Colenso (Tugela).
Dec. 18-Roberts appointed to take com-
mand of 250,000 men.

1900.

Jan. 23-Spion Kop captured.
Jan. 24-Spion Kop abandoned.
Feb. 5-Buller's second crossing of the

charged or paroled from the schools many of the pupils possessed a useful trade, and were provided with occupation and good homes."

Play as a Reformatory Agent was discussed by Hon. T. F. Chapin in the afternoon, and the subject of Juvenile Courts, by Judge Lindsay of Denver, Colorado.

"Municipal Lodging Houses" were considered at an informal meeting by Raymond Robins, Superintendent of the Municipal Lodging House in Chicago. He said:

"There are 2,700 tramps in Chicago, who have organized and districted the city for the purposes of begging. They make their headquarters at the barrel houses, where they sell the proceeds of the day's begging for a third or less of the real value, and then they spend the money in dissipation.

"The aim of the municipal lodging house is to assist in the correction of this evil. Cards have been sent to every home in the city, requesting the residents to refuse aid to beggars, and to send them instead to the lodging house."

"In the United States there are 88 reform schools in operation; and, quoting from the report of the United States commissioner of education, 80 of these schools show the number of inmates to be 23.901. There are employed 538 instructors, with 1,569 assistants and caretakers. The value of the grounds and buildings, $17,504,444; expenditure on buildings for the year 1900, $576,344; salaries and other expenditures, $3.254.090. The number of children committed during the year, 12,750, and the number discharged, 13,158. When dis