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CHAPTER XX.

ROOSEVELT'S SECOND ADMINISTRATION, 1905.

HE second administration of President Roosevelt was ushered in by an inauguration which eclipsed all previous similar ceremonies in the brilliancy of its formalities. The Cabinet remained unchanged with the exception that Mr. Cortelyou, who had left it to conduct the Republican national campaign, returned as Postmaster-General. On July 1 its ranks were broken by the death of Secretary of State John Hay, at the age of 67, who had become famous as the greatest statesman of his country, and had gained not only the trust but the affection of all classes.

On May 3r the Secretary of the Navy, Paul Morton, retired, and the President chose as his successor Charles J. Bonaparte of Maryland. Mr. Bonaparte was born in Baltimore, Md., in 1851. He graduated at Harvard, and then took up the profession of law. He has taken a prominent part in public affairs and is very highly esteemed.

An event of national interest was the discovery in 1905 of the burial place of our great Revolutionary naval hero Paul Jones, the recovery and identification of his body, and its final return to this country. The credit for this important work belongs to General Horace Porter, who had worked for six years, in Paris, largely at his own expense, to locate and identify the body.

Of the discovery of the body General Porter says:

"The various developments in the identification of Paul Jones's body formed a succession of extremely gratifying surprises. I was positive from the location that the body must be Paul Jones's, but I was not prepared for the remarkable accuracy with which our discoveries comported with the historical records of his sickness and death.

"Most wonderful of all was the autopsy performed by Surgeon-General Dr. Capitan with the assistance of other anthropologists. It disclosed a fibrous tissue where the left lung had been affected, confirming our knowledge that Jones suffered from bronchial pneumonia. The viscera were in perfect preservation and there were shown all the symptoms of dropsy, a disease that we know he had, and most strikingly of all, the symptoms of nephritis, the disease from which he died. That these symptoms should be so marked, or indeed marked at all, in a body from which life had passed 113 years before, was nothing short of amazing.

"I was also amazed on opening the casket and removing the linen winding sheet, which, by the way, was in excellent preservation, to observe how closely the countenance comported with the bust by Houdin which the anthropologists had to guide them. The face was a bit shrunken over the cheekbones, but in no spot did the measurements of the body differ from those of the mask by over two millimeters. The resemblance was perfect, even to the disfigured lobe of the left ear. The teeth were

as we know them to have been in the Admiral's latter days, and the hair was brown tinged with gray.

"A remembrance of Paul Jones's career as a dandy was given in the fancy shirt with its ruffles and pleats. It bore the mark 'J.' There was tinfoil around his hands and face, and around the body hay, evidently placed there to prevent the body from being disturbed in its casket on the voyage to this country which the embalmers probably expected it would take.

There were five caskets, all of them of lead, in the place we found the body. Four of them had name plates. This one had none. It was a mummy-shaped casket, round over the place for the head, and displayed fine ornamental lead work."

The ceremonies at Paris on July 6, when the remains were transferred from the custody of the French government to that of the United States, were most impressive. General Porter says:

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The parade was the most impressive seen in Paris for years. I shall never forget the impression made upon me, as the French infantry and cavalry saluted the dead, and I think I was never so proud as at the spectacle of the 500 American marines and bluejackets, with their easy manner and confident swing, as they marched along with a precision that seemed to them perfectly natural."

The body of the great admiral was received on board the fleet sent by the United States government under Admiral Sigsbee, and was conveyed to Annapolis, where in October it found fitting burial on the grounds of the Naval Academy.

It speaks well for the energy of the American people that within seven months from the close of the great St. Louis Fair, they were able to hold another successful exposition, this time in the far west. After five years of preparation, the gates of the Lewis and Clark Centennial and Oriental Fair at Portland, Oregon, were opened on June 1, and closed on October 15, after 137 days of highly successful management. The United States Government made a very elaborate exhibit, while many foreign countries were represented either officially or by private displays. Among the foreign countries represented were Great Britain, Canada, Germany, Holland, Italy, Japan, China, Turkey, Austria-Hungary, Sweden, Norway, Belgium, Switzerland, Egypt, Korea, Siam and Russia. The exposition 'represented an expenditure of about $7,500,000, of which Portland contributed $400,000, and the State of Oregon $450,000.

The site chosen contained 406 acres near the residence portion of the city, of which 186 acres formed a peninsula on which the buildings were placed. These included special buildings for Forestry, Oriental Exhibits, Agriculture, European Exhibits, Machinery, Electricity and Transportation, Mines and Metallurgy, Arts and Varied Industries, Fine Arts, and a great Festival Hall, in addition to the buildings. erected by the National Government and the various States. A feature of the fair was the presence of various annual conventions, over thirty in number, which met at Portland. For the amusement seeker many forms of entertainment were provided, most of which were assembled, as has been customary in recent expositions, on one street, the Trail." No untoward occurrences marred the success of the Fair, which closed its gates with a satisfactory financial record.

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The first year of President Roosevelt's second administration was signalized by an act of the greatest significance, not alone for Roosevelt's fame, but for the nation at large, and for its relation to the other nations of the earth. For many months the world had watched with bated breath the gigantic struggle in the East between Russia and Japan, a contest more bloody and relentless than any war of the world's history, and filled with thrilling deeds and incidents. The course of the war had been one of nearly unbroken success for the Japanese, who were just making their sudden entrance into the ranks of modern nations. But the vast resources of the Russian Empire and

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the dogged valor and resistance of the Russian soldier showed no signs of failing even in the face of constant and crushing reverses, and in spite of the frightful slaughter on both sides. The world had grown weary of the carnage, but the complexity of international relations made it impossible for any European government to intervene between the contestAt this juncture President Roosevelt in communications to the Czar and the Mikado offered the good offices of the United States, the only nation which by reason of its position in international politics could not be accused of any selfish interest in the matter at stake. The acceptance of the President's offer gave to the United States the opportunity of demonstrating to the world the force of a great people's influence when cast on the side of peace between nations.

Each of the countries at war appointed delegates to a peace conference to be held on the neutral ground of the United States. Russia sent her leading statesman, Count Sergius Witte, and Baron Rosen, the Russian ambassador to the United States. Japan's negotiators were Baron Komura, her minister of foreign affairs, and Mr. Takahira, the Japanese minister to the United States.

ANDREW CARNEGIE.

With the advent of the hot weather, the sessions of the conference were transferred to the old town of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, which thus became temporarily the world's diplomatic center. There day after day the commissioners presented and discussed the demands of each nation in secret session while an army of foreign press correspondents kept watch on the proceedings, eager for the first hint which might indicate the final result. It was a period of tense expectation, for while the Commissioners evidently were earnest in their desire for peace, deadlocks arose on several occasions and at times it appeared that the conference would be fruitless. The