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[Bibliographical Note.-For general Note on Fors Clavigera, see Vol. XXVII. P. xci. Here details are given of (1) the issue of Letters 37-72 in separate form; (2) the issue of the same Letters in octavo volumes; and (3) the curtailments in the same Letters made in the "Small Edition" (see Vol. XXVII. p. c.).

(1) LETTERS 37-72: SEPARATE ISSUE

Title-pages were not issued with these Letters. The title on the front of the wrapper of each of them was as follows, the only changes being in the numbers of the Letters and the dates:1

Fors Clavigera. | Letters | To the Workmen and Labourers of Great Britain by John Ruskin, LL.D. | Letter the Thirty-seventh. | January 1st, 1874. |[Rose.]| London: Printed for the Author by | Watson & Hazell, London and Aylesbury; and sold by Mr. George Allen, Sunnyside, Orpington, Kent. | Price Tenpence.

The dates given below are those of the publication of the First Editions. On the back of the wrapper was the following "Advertisement": :

For reasons which will be explained in the course of these Letters, I wish to retain complete command over their mode of publication.

"For the present, they will be sold by MR. GEORGE ALLEN, Sunnyside, Orpington, Kent. Post-office Orders, in advance, may be made payable to MR. GEORGE ALLEN, Chief Office, London.

"They will be sold for Tenpence each, without abatement on quantity, and forwarded, post-paid, on remittance of the price of the number required, to any place in the United Kingdom."

The price, as stated, was raised to Tenpence from Sevenpence (see Letter 37, § 12). The price of volumes supplied by the publisher correspondingly became 10s., but this was reduced in March 1893 to 7s. The wrappers were of pale grey paper, and the size, octavo, as before.

The pagination was now continuous through each set of twelve Letters. Except in the case of the first edition of Letters 58, 59, 61-72, which consisted of 1050 copies, all the editions of Letters 37-72 consisted of 1000 copies.

The title of the Letter was also, except where otherwise stated (see under Letter 57), added in the Third Edition in each case.

LETTERS 37-48, FORMING VOLUME IV.: 1874

LETTER 37. First Edition (January 1, 1874).—Pages 1–24.
Second Edition (February 1877). Third Edition (September 1885).
LETTER 38. First Edition (February 1, 1874).-Pages 25-50.
Second Edition (February 1877). Third Edition (March 1886).

1 It may also be noted that on and after Letter 60 the imprint was changed to "Hazell, Watson, & Viney, London and Aylesbury."

LETTER 39. First Edition (March 2, 1874).—Pages 51-71 (p. 72 blank)
Second Edition (July 1877). Third Edition (July 1886).
LETTER 40. First Edition (April 1, 1874).—Pages 73–100.
Second Edition (April 1877). Third Edition (April 1886).
LETTER 41. First Edition (May 1, 1874).—Pages 101–114.
Second Edition (June 1877). Third Edition (July 1886).
LETTER 42. First Edition (June 1, 1874).-Pages 115-136.
Second Edition (April 1877). Third Edition (July 1886).

Letters 41 and 42, though differently dated, were in fact issued together see Letter 41, § 1, p. 79.

LETTER 43. First Edition (July 1, 1874).-Pages 137-160.
Second Edition (June 1877). Third Edition (July 1886).
LETTER 44. First Edition (August 1, 1874).—Pages 161–189.
Second Edition (April 1877). Third Edition (April 1886).
LETTER 45. First Edition (September 1, 1874).—Pages 191-218.
Second Edition (March 1877). Third Edition (January 1886).
LETTER 46. First Edition (October 1, 1874).-Pages 219–242.
Second Edition (February 1877). Third Edition (October 1885).
LETTER 47. First Edition (November 2, 1874).--Pages 243-262.
Second Edition (May 1877). Third Edition (July 1886).
LETTER 48. First Edition (December 24, 1874).-Pages 263–294.
Second Edition (May 1877). Third Edition (July 1886).

Letters 37-48 have not been reprinted collectively in volume form. Volumes supplied by the publisher have been made up from time to time of the current editions of the separate Letters. The title-page as issued in 1875 is as given here (p. 3).

LETTERS 49-60, FORMING VOLUME V.: 1875

LETTER 49. First Edition (January 1, 1875).—Pages 1-27.
Second Edition (July 1876). Third Edition (January 1886).
LETTER 50. First Edition (February 1, 1875).—Pages 29–51.
Second Edition (May 1877). Third Edition (July 1886).
LETTER 51. First Edition (March 1, 1875).-Pages 53-88.
Second Edition (February 1877). Third Edition (April 1886).
LETTER 52. First Edition (April 1, 1875).—Pages 89-116.
Second Edition (June 1877). Third Edition (September 1886).
LETTER 53. First Edition (May 1, 1875).-Pages 117-153.
Second Edition (May 1877). Third Edition (September 1886).
LETTER 54. First Edition (June 1, 1875).-Pages 155-182.
Second Edition (March 1877). Third Edition (September 1886).
LETTER 55. First Edition (July 1, 1875).-Pages 183-216.
Second Edition (July 1877). Third Edition (April 1886).
LETTER 56. First Edition (August 2, 1875).-Pages 217-245.
Second Edition (July 1877).

In this edition the letter from a correspondent (§ 21, p. 396 in this volume) which occupied pp. 233-238 of the first edition was withdrawn. This alteration caused the text to end on p. 242.

Third Edition (September 1886).—Text as in the second edition. Except

in the first edition, there are no pp. 243-246, as Letter 57 (in all editions) still begins on p. 247.

LETTER 57. First Edition (September 1, 1875).—Pages 247-270.
Second Edition (February 1877).

This Letter contained some disparaging remarks upon Mr. Gladstone, whom Ruskin visited at Hawarden in January 1878 (see Vol. XXV. p. xxiii.). He thereupon cancelled the Second Edition, and issued a third. Third Edition (February 1878).-For the cancelled passage and the explanatory note by the author, see p. 403.

Fourth Edition (September 1886).-The title of the Letter was now added.

LETTER. 58. First Edition (October 1, 1875). Pages 271-298.
Second Edition (November 1876). Third Edition (May 1885).
LETTER 59. First Edition (November 1, 1875).-Pages 299-328.
Second Edition (February 1877). Third Edition (April 1886).
LETTER 60. First Edition (December 1, 1875).—Pages 329–354.
Second Edition (February 1877). Third Edition (April 1886).

Letters 49-60 have never been reprinted collectively in volume form. Volumes supplied by the publisher have been made up from time to time of the current editions of the separate Letters. The title-page originally supplied is reproduced in this volume (p. 225).

LETTERS 61-72, FORMING VOLUME VI.: 1876

LETTER 61. First Edition (January 1, 1876).—Pages 1–39.
Second Edition (February 1877). Third Edition (August 1885).
LETTER 62. First Edition (February 1, 1876).—Pages 41-78.
Second Edition (February 1877). Third Edition (October 1885).
LETTER 63. First Edition (March 1, 1876).—Pages 79–108.
Second Edition (February 1877). Third Edition (March 1886).
LETTER 64. First Edition (April 1, 1876).—Pages 109-140.

Second Edition (March 1877). This edition omitted one passage (see p. 576 n.). Third Edition (April 1886).

With this Letter an illustration was issued, facing p. 123, "Facsimile from Lombardic Writing" (in the present volume Plate IV.).

LETTER 65. First Edition (May 1, 1876).-Pages 141-169.
Second Edition (March 1877). Third Edition (April 1886).
LETTER 66. First Edition (June 1, 1876).-Pages 171-202.
Second Edition (March 1877). Third Edition (October 1885).

With this Letter a frontispiece was issued, "Facsimile of the last words written by Nelson" (here Plate VI.).

LETTER 67. First Edition (July 1, 1876).—Pages 203-242.

Second Edition (February 1877). Third Edition (September 1884).
LETTER 68. First Edition (August 1, 1876).—Pages 243–273.
Second Edition (April 1877). Third Edition (October 1885).
LETTER 69. First Edition (September 1, 1876).-Pages 275-310.
Second Edition (April 1877). Third Edition (March 1886).
LETTER 70. First Edition (October 2, 1876).-Pages 311-338.
Second Edition (May 1877). Third Edition (October 1885).

LETTER 71. First Edition (November 1, 1876).—Pages 339–376.

Of this Letter 100 copies were bound in red leatherette (for sale in Venice), lettered on the front, "Fors Clavigera. No. 71. | The Legend of St. Ursula | Ruskin."

Second Edition (July 1877).

Third Edition (October 1884).-In the List of Contents issued in 1882 the Letter is entitled "The Feudal Ranks," but by inadvertence, or because in the leatherette copies a different title was given, no title was printed above the letter.

LETTER 72. First Edition (December 1, 1876).—Pages 377–396.
Second Edition (June 1877). Third Edition (April 1886).

Letters 61-72 have never been reprinted collectively in volume form. Volumes supplied by the publisher have been made up from time to time of current copies of the several Letters. The title-page originally supplied was as here printed (p. 471). The volume as now supplied by the publisher has a different title-page thus :

Fors Clavigera. | Letters | To the Workmen and Labourers of Great Britain. By John Ruskin, LL. D., | Honorary Student of Christ Church, and Honorary Fellow of Corpus | Christi College, Oxford. | Vol. VI. | Third Edition. [Rose.] | George Allen, | Orpington and London. | 1895. "Third Edition" means that the volume is made up of third edition copies of the several Letters.

LETTER TO YOUNG GIRLS

(A reprint, with addition, from Letters 65 and 66)

First Edition (1876).—This is a pamphlet without title-page, but with the following "drop-title" on p. 1:

Letter to Young Girls. | By J. Ruskin, LL.D.

A footnote to the title states, "Reprinted, with slight addition, from Fors Clavigera."

Duodecimo, pp. 8. The imprint at the foot of p. 8 is "Published by and to be had of George Allen, Sunnyside, | Orpington, Kent." The headline is "Letter to Young Girls" on each page.

Issued stitched, without wrappers, and sold in packets containing twelve copies, at the price of eightpence per packet.

Later editions have been very numerous. They are distinguished by the number of the edition or thousand being added at the end of the text on p. 8, where also the publisher's imprint has varied from time to time. The edition now current (1907) is "Seventy-fifth Thousand" and bears the date May 1902."

66

The Letter consists of: (1) On pp. 1-5 a reprint (with slight revisions) of Fors Clavigera, Letter 65, §§ 24, 25. For note of the revisions, see below, pp. 608, 610. (2) On pp. 5-7 a reprint (again with revisions) of Fors Clavigera, Letter 66, § 24. For note of the revisions, see below, pp. 635, 637. (3) On pp. 7-8 an additional passage. This has here been

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