f, g, h and i.-Later stages of development, distinct enlargement of the invaded cells which stain less intensely, beginning of granular degeneration of the red cells, also appearance of the pigment of the organisms.

vide.

j.-Adult organism, pigment abundant and scattered, nucleus beginning to di

k.-Adult organism, pigment scattered, nucleus divided and distributed through the organism.

1.-Organism undergoing segmentation, nuclei in the segments, pigment collected in the lower part of the organism.

m.-Rosette appearance of the segmenting organism, pigment collected in the

center.

n.—Organism showing segmentation complete, young organisms and pigment being liberated from the ruptured red cell.

o.-Crushed red cell containing an organism the granules of the degenerating red cell scattered.

p.-Adult organism free in the blood.

y.-Intracellular flagellum. z.-Extracellular flagellum.

d. Young organism with two nuclei.

f.-Red cells invaded by two organisms each.

q.-Neutrophilic leukocytes, intensely stained nuclei, neutrophilic granulation of cytoplasm granules small and irregular, a mass of malarial pigment in the cell to the left of the nucleus.

r.—Mast cell, feebly stained nucleus, basophilic granulation of cytoplasm, granules large and deeply stained.

s. Eosinophile, intensely stained nuclei, eosinophilic granulation of cytoplasm, granules sperical.

t.-Crushed neutrophilic leukocyte, scattered chromatin and granules. u.-Lymphocyte, intensely stained nucleus, light-blue nongranular cytoplasm. v.-Large mononuclear cell, moderately stained nucleus, neutral, somewhat granular appearance of cytoplasm.

w.-Blood plate, indefinite trabecular structure, various sizes and shapes.

x. Blood plates lying upon a red cell.

aa.-Red cells showing blue granulations incident to anemia.

Several normal red cells are shown unlettered.

[4287 OLVE ST.]

The St. Louis Neurological Society.

A number of physicians met February 27, 1905, and by a vote decided to inaugurate a neurological society in St. Louis, entitled The St. Louis Neurological Society. Those present were Drs. M. A. Bliss, Given Campbell, Charles G. Chaddock, Frank R. Fry, W. W. Graves, H. W. Herman, M. W. Hoge and Sidney I. Schwab.

Dr. Fry was chosen president and Dr. Campbell secretary.

SPECIAL ARTICLES.

Certified Milk.

The Rules and Regulations Adopted by the St. Louis Pure Milk Commission for the Production, Transportation and Distribution of Pure Milk.

A

LL physicians will be interested in the strong movement

now on foot to procure pure milk for infants and invalids. The trend of modern milk sanitation is not so much to provide a milk of uniform composition, but to get very clean and fresh milk, that is milk containing no pathogenic micro-organisms and a minimum number of saprophytes.

The Bureau of Animal Industry of the Agricultural Department has done an enormous amount of investigation on the methods of producing pure milk, and rules for its production are now known to be effective and entirely practicable. In several cites of the United States, Milk Commissions composed mostly of members of the medical profession have drawn up requirements and have watched their fulfillment. Reports from Newark, New York, Philadelphia, Milwaukee, etc., where Certified Milk has been produced under the regulations of the Milk Commissions indicate that these methods are a most important advance in the sanitation of foods. Wherever the physicians have insisted on these methods, success has been achieved. The latest report from the Milwaukee Milk Commission shows that a milk has been produced which gave the surprising average of only 528 bacteria to the cc. during past year. If results like this could be obtained everywhere, the question of infant feeding would be almost solved.

Circular of Information Concerning the Requirements of the St. Louis Pure Milk Commission for Certified Milk.

The following requirements for Certified Milk were drawn up by the Committee on Certification of the St. Louis Pure Milk Commission,

a society and corporation which was organized for the purpose of reducing the infant mortality in St. Louis. The Commission offers those dairymen complying with these requirements the use of caps on their milk bottles bearing the words "Certified by the St. Louis Pure Milk Com mission." It also publishes in the daily papers a monthly list of the dealers to whose milk it certifies together with a condensed statement of the requirements which such milk must meet. Furthermore, it allows those who avail themselves of this opportunity to have their milk certified, to distribute the following certificate with each bottle sold:

St. Louis Pure Milk Commission.-Certificate. Date.... Milk and cream from the dairy of.... and the dairy itself have been recently examined by the experts of the Commission and found to be up to the required standards of excellence. Another examination is to be made within a month and, if satisfactory, new labels for the bottles will be issued dated....

[Notice the date.]

St. Louis Pure Milk Commission.

It also allows producers of "Certified Milk" to distribute copies of our requirements, as advertising matter.

Before drawing up these requirements the Committee on Certification made a careful study of the requirements of all similar commissions in other cities. It corresponded with these commissions with regard to the feasibility and success of such requirements and asked for recommendations in the light of their past experience. It dele. gated one of its members to visit certified dairies in Chicago and Eastern cities and confer with dairymen who are producing "Certified Milk" under the supervision of milk commisions there.

The following contract contains no requirements which have not been tried and found practicable.

The Committee on Certification of the St. Louis Pure Milk Com. mission is composed of members of the Board of Directors of the St. Louis Pure Milk Commission and of physicians, (many of them specialists on the treatment of diseases of infants) who were delegated to represent various medical societies of St. Louis.

The personelle of the Committee on Certification is as follows: Drs. George M. Tuttle, E. W. Saunders, Robert Luedeking, R.C. Atkinson, A. R. Kieffer, H. L. Scherck, Jesse Meyer, W. S. Barker, J. C. Falk, John Zahorsky, Albert Merrell, W. W. Gilbert, and Messrs. Walter Bernays and Wm. Chauvenet.

Circular Letter to Dairymen.

Dear Sir.-The St. Louis Pure Milk Commission, a corporation which has for its object the reduction of the death-rate in children, desires in pursuance of this aim, to encourage the production of the highest grade of milk. To this end it has drawn up a set of rules for

the operation of dairies, and standards of excellence for milk and These requirements have grown out of the experience of dairymen who have produced this high grade of milk under the supervision. of commissions similar to this one in other cities. They contain only necessary and tried regulations, which have been shown to be practicable. They are set forth in the inclosed circular.

If you do not wish to avail yourself of this opportunity to have your dairy and its products examined, the Commission does nothing prejudicial to your interests. The experience of dairymen under milk commissions in other cities has shown, however, that it is to the advantage of the better class of milk producers to have the excellence of their milk certified to by a commission composed of citizens not financially interested in any dairy, but simply anxious to improve the health of children and persons in delicate condition who depend on good milk for their welfare.

In order to defray the expenses which the Commission will incur, (such as cost of printing certificates, cost of making examinations and inspections, cost of inserting notices in daily and medical papers) we will charge the producer 1 per cent of the gross receipts for the milk and cream to which we certify. This will amount to about 1 mill per quart of milk and need not appreciably affect the cost of this milk to the producer or consumer.

I

Any excess over expenses which the Commission may receive in this way will be used in dispensing milk to poor infants.

It is obvious that these requirements can only be fulfilled by farmers and dairymen who have their own dairies so that everything shall be under their direct control. We will, however, permit the dairyfarmer to distribute his milk to customers through an agent in the city provided this agent makes a contract with the Commission which will ensure his furnishing only "Certified Milk" to customers who order such milk.

This agent's contract shall also embody requirements for the manner of receiving, storing and delivering to consumers "Certified Milk” so as to safeguard the continued purity and cleanliness, and low content of micro organisms of such milk. If such agent sells ordinary market milk also, he shall give bond to the amount of five hundred dollars which he shall agree to forfeit if it is proven to the satisfaction of a quorum of the Board Directors of the St. Louis Pure Milk Commission that he has in any sale substituted ordinary milk for "Certified Milk." His contract as agent for "Certified Milk" shall also become void if he violates in any way the City Ordinances regulating the sale of milk and cream either in handling certified or ordinary milk.

We know that there is a desire among medical men and the intelligent community for an absolutely trustworthy milk, which will create a demand for milk thus certified at a price which will make it profitable for you to produce such milk.

We urge you to equip yourself to produce "Certified Milk."

Milk produced under our supervision will be known as "Certified Milk." The term "Certified Milk" has been copyrighted by Dr. Henry L. Coit, of Newark, who is the originator of the certification idea. We have acquired the sole right to use this term "Certified Milk" for this city. Any intringements of our rights will be vigorously prosecuted and offenders brought to justice.

[Signed]

St. Louis Pure Milk Commission.

THE FOLLOWING Agreement made this .... of ...., Ninteeen Hundred and Five, between the St. Louis Pure Milk Commission, a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Missouri, party of the First Part and Second Part:

of the..

party of the

Witnesseth As Follows:-That the party of the second part doth hereby bind himself to a fulfillment of the provisions of this contract for and in consideration of the benefits hereinafter named and granted by the party of the first part.

1. The party of the second part doth agree to conduct such parts of his dairy as may be hereinafter named, collect and handle its products in conformity with the requirements below set forth, for and in consideration of the promised indorsement of the parties of the first part, as hereinafter indicated. The milk thus produced shall be known as "Certified Milk" and shall be designed especially for clinical purposes. When at any time the demand for "Certified Milk" shall be greater than the supply, and it is prescribed by a physician, either for infant feeding or the diet of the sick, it is hereby agreed that such patient shall be the preferred purchaser.

2. The party of the second part doth hereby agree that all milk sold by him and which shall be known as "Certified Milk," shall comply with the requirements of the party of the first part.

3. The Commission shall select a bacteriologist, a chemist and veterinary inspectors. The bacteriologist shall procure a specimen of milk from the dairy, or preferably from delivery wagons, at intervals to be determined by the Commission, but in no case at a longer interval than one month. The exact time of procuring shall be without previous notice to the dairy. He shall test this milk for the number and nature of micro-organisins present in it, to the extent which the needs of safe milk demand. He shall also make a microscopic examination of the milk for indications of diseased udders. Milk free from injurious micro organisms and containing less than 30,000 micro-organisms of of any kind, when delivered to the consumer, shall be considered to be up to the required biological standard of purity.

4. The chemist shall in similar manner, procure and examine the milk for the percentage of proteid, fat, sugar, mineral matter and water present, determine its acidity and the amount of insoluble foreign mat