large States containing great cities. But for ages to come the principal output and wealth of the Mississippi Valley must be agricultural; and the greatest danger is a separation of interest between the tiller of the soil (allied, perhaps, with the workman at the forge) on the one side, and the capitalist and the professional and business man on the other side. At present the social forces are well balanced, and immigration has not brought the great dangers usually ascribed to it; but if the farms are to fall into the hands of a rent-paying peasantry, and the owners are not to live in the midst of that peasantry and to share their interests, as do the land-owners in European countries, then the Mississippi Valley may yet see social contests which will make the French Revolution seem mild. The two bases of the present happiness and prosperity of that great region are first, the intelligence, honesty, and orderliness of the average man, and secondly, the belief that the farmer and the wage-earner get a fair share of the output.
Albert Bushnell Hart, The Future of the Mississippi Valley, in Harper's New Monthly Magazine, February, 1900 (New York, etc.), C, 418-424 passim.
[The names of the authors of extracts are in Boldface. The titles of the pieces are in
SMALL CAPITALS. The titles of books cited are in Italics.]
Abolitionists, arguments of a New Eng-
lander, ii, 293-297; arguments of a
Quaker, 302-308; Garrison's principles,
iii, 595-597; anti-slavery meeting, 602-
608; political, 608-612; denounced, 619-
622, iv, 160-161, 194; Calhoun on, iv, 48-
51; Webster on, 53-54; on Webster,
55-56; on the Civil War, 306-309, 395-
397. See also Anti-slavery, Slavery.
Acadians, deportation of, ii, 360-365.
Adair, James, value of personal experi-
ence, ii, 3; THE LIFE OF AN INDIAN
TRADER, 326-330; History of the Ameri-
can Indians, 330.
Adams, Abigail, Letters, ii, 20, 554, iii, 333;
A WOMAN AT THE FRONT, ii, 550-554:
THE NATIONAL CAPITAL, iii, 331-333.
Adams, Amos, Planting of New England,
ii, 15.
Adams, Charles Francis, Familiar Letters
of John Adams and his Wife, ii, 20, 64;
Letters of Mrs. Adams, 554, iii, 333;
Geneva arbitration, iv, 556.
Adams, C. F. Jr., Richard Henry Dana, iv,
Adams, Charles Kendall, Manual of His-
torical Literature, i, 26, ii, 32.
Adams, Henry, Life of Gallatin, iii, 12.
Adams, John, value of journal, ii, 2; Let-
ters, 20, 64; Works, 20, 223, 378, 439, 543,
625. iii, 10, 11, 163, 176, 283, 301; OVER-
WEENING PREJUDICE IN FAVOR OF NEW
ENGLAND, ii, 63-64; THE DIGNITY OF
A SELECTMAN, 220-223; THE FIRST
CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, 434-439; life
in Philadelphia, 437-439; DIFFICULTIES
IN FRAMING ARTICLES OF CONFEDER-
ATION, 539-543; EXPLANATION OF THE
PEACE OF 1782, 623-625; negotiations
with Holland, iii, 162; PRESENTATION
OF THE FIRST AMERICAN MINISTER
TO GEORGE THIRD, 172-176; president
of the Senate, 258; ORIGIN OF PARTIES,
282-283; ELECTION OF 1796, 300-301;
Anti-Federalist comment on, 337.
Adams, John Quincy, Memoirs, iii, 10, 429,
483; DISCUSSION OF PEACE, 426-429;
THE SPANISH TREATY OF 1819, 481-
483: l'Amistad case, 626, 629; DEFENCE
OF FREE SPEECH, 633-636.
Adams, Nehemiah, A NORTHERN APOIO-
GIST, iv, 65-68; South-Side View of Slav-
ery, 68.
Adams, Samuel, WHAT IS POPULAR
GOVERNMENT? iii. 93-96; OBSERVA-
TIONS ON THE TREATY OF PEACE, 161-
163.
Adams, William, British envoy, iii, 426-429.
Admiralty, court of, in the colonies, ii, 396-
397. See also Smuggling.
Advertisements, for runaways, ii, 298-302.
Agents, colonial, in England, ii, 184-187.
"Agreement," of Massachusetts, 1629, i, 371.
Agriculture, and protective tariff, iii, 434-
436; for negroes, iv, 664; dangers, 668-669.
Alabama, AN ORDINANCE OF SECESSION,
iv, 188-189; Democrats regain control in,
501-504.
Alabama, Confederate cruiser, combat with
the Kearsarge, iv, 416-418; Geneva award
on depredations of, 552-553.
Alamo, the, in Mexico, iii, 638.
Alaska, ukase on the waters of, iii, 487-489;
Sumner on, iv, 547-550; Bering Sea arbi-
tration, 564-567.
Albany, town of, i, 542; RECORDS OF A CITY
GOVERNMENT, ii, 208-211; clearing of
streets, 208; keeping of Sabbath, 208;
constables, 208-209; taxes, 209–210; min-
ister's salary, 210; selling of liquor, 210;
care of chimneys and fire-places, 211;
center for Indian trade, 322-324; Plan of
Union formed at, 357-360.
Albany Evening Journal, iv, 195.
Aleutian Islands, iii, 488.
Alexander I, Czar, THE RUSSIAN UKASE
ON ALASKAN WATERS, iii, 487-489.
Alexander VI, Pope, PAPAL BULL DIVID-
ING THE NEW WORLD, i, 2, 24, 40-43.
Algiers, demand for subsidies, iii, 351-355.
Allbright, Jacob, BURR'S MUSTER AT
BLENNER HASSET ISLAND, iii, 356-359.
Allen, Ethan, sent to England, ii, 529-530.
Alliance. See Treaty.
Allibone, S. Austin, Critical Dictionary, i,
24, ii, 30.
Allied Sovereigns, THE HOLY ALLIANCE,
iii, 479-480.
Almanac, Poor Richard's, extract, ii, 263-
266, title-page, 264; Ames's, 266–272.
Almon, John, Collection of Papers, ii, 11;
Remembrancer, 11, 451; Anecdotes of the
Life of Pitt, 19, 407.
Alsop, George, Province of Maryland, i, 14,
271; A CHARACTER OF THE PROVINCE
OF MARY-LAND, 267–271.
Amadas, Philip, voyage to Virginia, i, 89.
Amazons, in South America, i, 97.
Amendments. See Constitution.
America, discovered, i, 35; first use of the
name, 49; Cabot's voyage, 70-72; first
printed account in English, 72; archives
on, in Europe, ii, 10; pride, 411; distin-
guishing characteristic, 423; Lafayette's
opinion, 485-488; reconciliation or inde-
pendence? 530-534; foundation of state
constitutions, 534-537; character of Con-
gress, 543-545; during the Revolution,
560-562; Steuben's opinion, 584-585;
financial state in 1781, 594-603; people
discontented, 597; Articles of Confedera-
tion, 604; bank, 605; attitude of George
III toward, 619-620; peace with England,
623-625; results of the Revolution, 629-
632; conditions in 1784, iii, 22–27.—
See also Civil War, Colonies, Congress,
Revolution, United States, and Tables of
Contents.
American Annual Cyclopædia, iv, 6.
American Antiquarian Society, library, i, 8,
ii, 10; Proceedings, i, 178.
American Anti-Slavery Society, iii, 608.
American Historical Association, Annual
Report, ii, 11, 23, iv, 1; favors study of
sources, ii, 26; Report on History is
Schools, iii, 1, iv, 1.
American Historical Review, ii, 32, 530, 582.
iii, 52, 211, 276, 336, 351.
American History Leaflets, i, 5, 14, ii, 5, 12,
20, iii, 8, iv, 6.
American Museum, iii, 37, 239.
American Philosophical Society, Transac-
tions, iii, 471.
American State Papers, iii, 10; Foreign Re-
lations, 171, 312, 314, 326, 355, 400, 403,
501.
American War Ballads and Lyrics, iv, 263.
Americans, characteristics of, iii, 77.
Ames, Fisher, DEFENCE OF THE JAY
TREATY, iii, 315-319; Speech on the Jay
Treaty, 319.
Ames, Nathaniel, A YEAR of a COLLEGE
STUDENT'S LIFE, ii, 266-272; Diary, 272,
iii, 339; POLITICAL COMMENTS, iii, 336-
339.
Amistad case, iii, 626-629.
Anburey, Thomas, Travels, ii, 18, 20.
Anderson, Robert, BREAKING OF THE
STORM, iv, 213-216; SURRENDER OF
FORT SUMTER, 220.
Andover (Mass.), life at, iii, 509-512.
André, John, THE EXPERIENCES OF A
BRITISH SPY, ii, 515-518,
Andrews, John, THE BOSTON TEA-PARTY,
ii, 431-433; Letters, 433-
Andros, Sir Edmund, revolution against, i.
463-466; diligence, ii, 91-92. -- See also
Connecticut, Massachusetts.
Annals of Congress, iii, 8, 9, 264, 272, 376,
380, 420, 436, 440.· -See also Congres-
sional Debates, Congressional Globe,
Congressional Record.
Annapolis Convention, iii, 185-187.
Annexations, Louisiana, iii, 367-372; objec-
tions, 373-376, 642-645; Florida, 482-483;
Texas, 642-655; Mexican territory, iv,
24-26, 32-34; Alaska, 547-550; general
passion for, 548; Spanish, in 1898, 589. —
See also Colonies, Territories.
Annual Register, ii, 11, iii, 302.
Anonymous, FIRST PRINTED ACCOUNT OF
AMERICA IN ENGLISH,1,72-73; ENGLISH
CLAIMS TO NORTH AMERICA, 164-166;
BACON'S REBELLION, 242-246;
TRIAL OF A WOMAN ANTINOMIAN, 382-
387; FOUNDING OF THE FIRST AMERI-
CAN COLLEGE, 467-472; THE TRIAL OF
A QUAKER, 481-484; A PLEA FOR PRO-
TECTIVE DUTIES, ii, 247–248; A BALLAD
OF PIGWACKET, 344-346; A FRENCH
ACCOUNT OF BRADDOCK'S DEFEAT, 365-
367; A BRAVE MAN'S DEATH, 484-485;
EXPLOITS OF DE GRASSE IN THE WEST
INDIES, 612-615; Journal of an Officer,
615; A CONFESSION OF ENGLAND'S
ERROR, iii, 302; John Brown's Body, iv,
259-260; REASONS FOR WAR, 573-575;
War with Spain and After, 575.
Antietam, Smalley's account of battle of, iv,
346-351.
Anti-Federalists, policy of, iii, 289-292,
Antinomians, in Massachusetts, i, 382-387.
Anti-slavery, meeting, iii, 602-608; protest
against annexation of Texas, 642-645.—
See also Abolitionists, Slavery.
Appleton's Annual Cyclopædia, iv, 6.
Appomattox, surrender of Lee at, iv, 437-
440, 443-444.
Apprentices, iii, 25-26.
Arber, Edward, First Three English Books
on America, i, 73.
Arbitration, Halifax commission, iv, 544;
Geneva award, 550-556; Bering Sea,
564-567; Venezuelan boundary dispute,
568, 572.
Arbitrators, THE GENEVA AWARD, iv,
550-556.
Archives, American, in Europe, ii, 10.
Argall, Sir Samuel, in Virginia, i, 220,
Arkansas River, discovered, i, 139.
Armstrong, Edward, Record of the Court at
Upland, ii, 208.
Armstrong, John, THE NEWBURG AD-
DRESSES, iii, 122–125.
Army, Confederate, scarcity of food, iv,
254-255, 440; conditions, 277-286; experi-
ence in battle, 280-282; an Englishman's
impressions, 284-286; partisan campaign-
ing, 287-289; preparation for war, 319-
323; appearance, 327; commissariat, 371.
See also Civil War, battles by name,
and Table of Contents of Vol. IV.
Army, English, employs Hessians, ii, 500-
504; camp life in Canada, 504-507; Ger-
mans and English, 506-507; loyalist
corps, 511-513; capture of André, 515-
518; losses at Concord and Lexington,
550;
"Battle of the Kegs," 562-565; a
woman's life in, 565-568.- See also
Officers, Revolution, War, and Table of
Contents of Vol. II.
Army, United States, recruiting service, ii,
457, 481-483, 586; clothing, 468–469, 527:
joined by Lafayette, 485-488; proposed
use of negroes, 488-490; Washington on
militia, 490-492, 560-562; punishments,
493-494; Washington's headquarters,495-
497; prisoners, 508-511; needs, 528, 530;
losses at Concord and Lexington, 548; at
Valley Forge, 568-573; rank, 570; resig-
nations, 572; Steuben in, 582-585; foreign
officers in, 584-585; Patrick Henry's
views of, 586; condition in the South,
612; Order of Cincinnati, 626-627; of
Connecticut, iii, 47; discontent in conti-
nental, 121; on Texas frontier, iv, 22-23;
in Mexico, 26-31; guard of fugitive slave,
88-91; attack on John Brown, 144-146;
in Civil War, 216-220, 256-276, 309-389,
412-444; call for troops, 221, 235; boun-
ties, 222, 234-235; negroes as soldiers,
233. 406-407, 442, 458; conditions, 256-
276; enlistment, 256-259; hardships, 263-
265; experience in battle, 268, 273-276;
bummers, 268-270, 431; Sanitary Com-
mission, 270-273; organization, 314-319;
generals appointed, 315; staff and ad-
ministrative officers, 316; medical depart-
ment, 316; discipline, 316-318; capability
of soldiers, 318-319; contrabands follow,
408-411; military government of the South,
|