NEW YORK AND BROOKLYN SUBWAYS. (For detailed history, see Eagle Almanac, 1905, page 450.) The Subway begins at So. Ferry, thence under B'way and City Hall Park to City Hall Station, up Elm to Lafayette, to 4th av.. to 42d, to B'way, to 104th, where it branches into 2 sections, 1 continuing to Ft. George and beyond to Kingsbridge, the second going to the east to Lenox av., to 141st; thence under the Harlem River to Bronx Park. The contract was let to John B. Mc Donald, on Feb. 24, 1900. Ground was first broken on March 24. in front of the City Hall, by Mayor Van Wyck. The contract price was $35,000,000, the contractor agreeing to build, equip and operate the road for 50 years. The con.. tractor was required to furnish security to the amount of $7,000,000 for the faithful performance of his contract. This he did through the organization of the Rapid Transit Subway Construction Co., Aug. Belmont, president, which guaranteed Mr. McDonald's completion of his contract. The contract was divided into sections by the contractor and sub-let to under contractors. In 1902, an act of the Legislature permitting it, Contractor McDonald assigned his right to operate the underground road to the Interborough Rap. Tran. Co.. which was organized for that purpose with a capital stock of $35,000,000. The Interborough Co. in 1903 also took over the Manhattan Elevated R. R. Co. Its lease is for 999 years. STATISTICS, YEARS ENDING JUNE 30. 1906. 1907. Total no. pass. carried, Sub- INTERBROUGH RAPID TRANSIT CO. Office, 13-21 Park row, Mhtn. The officers and directors of the Interborough Rapid Transit Co, are: A. Belmont, Ch. Bd.; T. P. Shonts, Ch. Ex.-Com.; F. Hedley, Gen. Mgr.; H. M. Fisher, Sec.; D. W. McWilliams, Treas. C. H. Pegram, Chief Eng.; L. B. Stillwell, Elec. Dir. The Board of Directors are: A. Belmont, E. P. Bryan, A. Freedman, T. P. Shonts. J. Jourdan, G. M. Lane, J. B. McDonald, W. G. Oakman, A. Skitt, J. Pierce, M. F. Plant, W. A. Read, C. Vanderbilt and G. W. Young. THE BROOKLYN TUNNEL. The Rapid Transit Commission, Jan. 24, 1901, adopted the route to Bkln. as follows: From the New York City Hall down B'way to Bowling Green and State, to South Ferry, under East River to Jcralemon, Bkln., to Fulton, to Flatbush av.. to Atlantic av. Bids for this franchise were opened July 21, 1902, and the award was made on July 24 to the Rapid Transit Subway Construction Co., it agreeing to build the line for $2.000,000, with an extra allowance of $1.000.000 for terminals and for real estate. The contract was signed Sept. 11. 1902, the bidding company giving as security for construction $1,000,000 in cash, and for guaranty of operation during the thirty-five year term of the franchise, a continuing bond of $1,000,000, also the bonds of sub-contractors assigned to the City of New York as additional security, aggregating $650,000. The contractor agrees to carry passengers over the extension and the Manhattan-Bronx Subway between any and all points for a single 5 cent fare. Four years is allowed for the road's building and a premium is offered for completion in less than three years. The actual cost of construction is estimated at not less than $8.000.000. The Brooklyn Rapid Transit Co, made a bid of $7.000.000, including $1,000,000 for terminals and for real estate, but failed to secure the award. The sub-contracts were awarded as follows: The Cranford-McNamee Co. for Brooklyn section. the Degnon Construction Co. section from City Hall to Battery, Mhtn.; New York Tunnel Co., the section under the river. Ground on the BKln. tunnel was broken in Jan., 1903. Two shafts were erected in Joralemon st, and one at the Battery in Mhtn. Shields were driven under the East River from both the Bkin. and the Mhtn. shores to the center of the river. Work on the Fulton st. section of the tunnel was begun in 1904. Early in April, 1905, owing to change in plans to provide additional tracks and connections to other routes, construction in Fulton and Flatbush av. was almost completely suspended pending the obtaining of the necessary consent of the municipal authorities and property owners for this change, and work was resumed in Oct. of that year on the lines of the amended plans and has since been vigorously prosecuted. In 1904 the Rapid Transit commission authorized the extension of the Bkln, subway from the proposed original terminus at Flatbush and Atlantic avs.. past the Willinck entrance to Prospect Park, under Ocean av. to Parkside av., there to connect with the Brighton Beach branch of the Bkin. R. T. Co. This extension has been approved by the city authorities. This extension is to serve the people of Flatbush and the adjoining territory. Later disagreements between the Párk Commissioner and the Commission over the proposed removal of trees along Ocean av. led to a suspension of plans. The tunnel under the East River from the Battery to Joralemon st. is practically complete. The boring is completed, and the cement lining is put in. The first train to run through the tunnel conveyed a special party of engineers and officials, Nov. 27, 1907. The Borough Hall station. 375 ft. long and 52 ft. wide, is completed. The two-track tunnel west of that, under Joralemon st.. is completed. The four-track structure under Fulton st. each of Borough Hall station is completed to Hanover pl. This line is to be completed to the Atlantic av, station of the L. I. R. R. in spring of 1908. The Hoyt and Nevins st. stations are nearly completed. The road will have five tracks on Flatbush av. and two tracks to connect with the proposed Lafayette av. extension will pass under this station. The terminal station at Atlantic av. will be 375 ft. long. The Interborough Co. will operate the trains. In 1906 The Rapid Transit Commission adopted a comprehensive plan of tunnels for Manhattan. Brooklyn and Queens. The Mhtn. routes include a west side subway from the Battery to a connection with the present subway at east Times sq.; an side subway from the Battery through 1st and Alexander av. to 138th st: one under Lexington av.; one each under 7th av., 8th av. and 9th av.. and under 14th st., 23d. st. and 34th st. respectively. The East River routes include one two-tube from Maiden lane. Mhtn.. to Pineapple st.. Bkin.. thence to Fulton st: one four-tube from E. 14th st., Mhtn., to N. 7th st., Bkln., to connect with Bkln. subway loop connecting all the East River Bridges: one two-tube from E. 34th st. Mhtn... to Borden av.. L. I. City, thence to connect with the Bkln, subway loop. The Bkln. routes include the loop to connect the Bkln.. Mhtn.. Williamsburg and Blackwell's Island bridges, passing under Mhtn. av.. Greenpoint av. to L. I. City; the Flatbush and 4th av. to Ft. Hamilton, with spurs via New Utrecht av. to Coney Island; from the Bkin. Bridge via Willoughby, Lafay ette and Bedford avs, to Williamsburg Bridge; under Broadway from the Williamsburg Bridge to Jamaica. Surveys, soundings and borings for all these routes are completed. The Fourth Av Subway it is estimated will cost $23,000,000. There was some question. after the retirement of the Rapid Transit Commission, as to the prosecution of the work. The new Public Service Commission, however, voted in favor of the 4th av, route, on Oct. 2, 1907. BRIDGES BETWEEN BROOKLYN AND MANHATTAN. The management of the Bridges is under suspended from cables, 14,680 tons. Width of control of a Commissioner of Bridges, ap pointed by the Mayor. James W. Stevenson, Commissioner. NEW YORK & BROOKLYN BRIDGE. Total number of cars crossing Bridge year ending Dec. 1, 1907... Average week days... Average Sundays and holidays.......... Total Receipts. Fiscal years ending December 1. .1,432,965 4,032 3,285 bridge, 85 ft. Length of river span, 1,595 ft. 6 in. Length of each land span, 930 ft. Length of Bkln approach, 971 ft.; of Mhtn approach, 1,562 ft. 6 in. Total length of carriageway, 5,889 ft. Total length with extensions, 6,537 ft. Length of driving cable, 11,600 ft. Speed of trains, 12 miles an hour. Original cost of construction, $10,000,000. WILLIAMSBURG (NEW EAST RIVER) TROLLEY CAR STATEMENT. Total number of cars crossing bridge 1884 ........ $682,775.42 1897 .$1,363,731.03 802,717.46 Average week days 422,666.37 Average Sundays and holidays... 381,612.57 NEW YORK LINES. 434,105.12 Total number trolley cars NEW YORK AND BROOKLYN LINES COMBINED. Total number of trolley cars.......... 1894 1,476,598.85) 1907 393,498.43 .$21,267,064.56 The receipts from tolls (roadway) year ending Dec. 1, 1907, $77,951.32. The receipts from tolls year ended Dec. 1, 1907, were $78,621.84. On July 1, 1898, the Bridge Railway was leased to the Brooklyn Elevated Railway Companies, who now operate their systems across the bridge. Since the leasing of the Bridge R. R. to the Elevated Roads no record has been kept of the number of persons daily crossing the bridge. Total Expenditures, Fiscal years ending December 1. $553,647 78 1897 ..$1,228,143.24 761,561 2,116 1,908 510,637 1,437 1,170 1,272,198 Average week days ..... 3,553 Average Sundays and holidays.. 3,078 779,949.30 286,076.98 251,261.56 322,311.33 328,731.90 303,046.62 394.812.26 387,489.38 368,596.04 406,881.97 .$21,343,509.18 Statistics of the Structure. Construction commenced Jan. 3, 1870. Opened May 24, 1883. Railroad opened Sept. 24, 1883. Size of Mhtn. caisson, 172x102 ft., of Bkln. caisson, 168x102 ft. Mhtn. tower contains 46,945 cubic yds masonry, Bkln tower contains 38,214 cubic yds masonry. Depth of tower foundation below high water, Bkln. 45 ft.; Mhtn., 78 ft. Size of tower, high water line, 140x50 ft. Size of towers at roof course, 136x53 ft. Height of towers above high water, 272 ft. Clear height of bridge, center of river span above high water, at 90 deg., F., 135 ft. Height of floors at towers above high water, 119 ft. 3 in. Grade of roadway, 34 ft. in 100 ft. Height of towers above roadway, 152 ft. 9 in. Weight of each anchor plate, 23 tons. Diameter of each cable, 15% in. First wire was run out May 29, 1877. Length of each single wire, 3.578 ft. 6 in. Ultimate strength of each cable, 12,000 tons. Weight of wire, 11 ft. per pound. Each cable contains 5,296 parallel (not twisted) galvanized steel, oil coated wires, closely wrapped to a solid cylinder, 15 in. in diameter. Permanent weight *From May to December. Tolls (roadways), fiscal year ending Dec. 1, 1907 $89,557.92 The construction of a suspension bridge over the East River, between the boroughs of Mutn. and Bkln., and located at or near the foot of Broadway in Bkln., to, at or near the foot of Grand st., in Mhtn., was authorized under he provisions of Chap. 789, Laws of 1895, and approved by the Governor of New York, May 27, 1895. In accordance with those provisions Eix commissioners were appointed, three each by the Mayors of Bkln. and New York, the two Before Mayors acting as ex-officio members. the construction of the bridge could be started it was necessary for the cities to purchase charter rights owned by the East River Bridge Co. to build a bridge in this locality, and on Dec. 18, 1895, the Bridge Commissioners purchased all rights of said company for the sum of $200,000. On Jan. 18, 1898, a new commission of six members was appointed under the Greater New York Charter, which served until Jan. 1, 1902; the revised charter which went into effect that day provided that the Williamsburg Bridge, in common with all other city bridges, should be constructed and operated under the superThe vision of the Commissioner of Bridges. first actual work on the bridge was begun on Oct. 28, 1896, when the Manhattan tower foundations were commenced. The steel towers were completed about Jan. 1. 1901, and the end spans, between the main towers and anchorages about May 1, 1901. The first wire rope for the construction of the temporary foot bridges, used in stringing the cables, was hoisted to place on April 11, 1901. and the first wire for the permanent cables crossed the river on Friday, Nov. 29, 1901. The stringing of the wires of the cables was completed June 27, 1902. The cables were completed in Aug., 1902, ready for the suspenders, and on Monday, Nov. 10, 1902, the suspenders were nearly all in place and everything was the about ready for commencement of the erection of the suspended span; but at 4:30 P.M. of that day a fire occurred on top of the Manhattan tower, which destroyed the timber platforms and frame work used in cable making on the south end of the tower and heated the cables supporting the footbridges to such an extent that they parted, allowing the footbridges to fall. New working platforms were BRIDGES BETWEEN BROOKLYN AND MANHATTAN-Continued. required to complete the work on the cables and were constructed along the main cables, and the wrecked foot bridges removed, so that the work of erecting the suspended span was begun without much delay. The erection of the main suspended span was begun on Jan. 15, 1903, and fully completed about Dec. 1, 1903. The south carriageway was completed and opened to traffic Dec. 19, 1903, and the north carriageway was opened on May 29, 1904. The south footwalk was opened on May 7 and the north footwalk on May 13, 1904. The formal opening of the bridge occurred Saturday, Dec. 19, 1903. On Nov. 3, 1904, passenger trolley cars were for the first time operated on the bridge. The Brooklyn R. T. Co. and C. I. and B. R. Co. both operate cars across the structure on the southerly tracks. The N. Y. City R. R. Co. use the north tracks and commenced operation of cars with the 14th St. Crosstown line on Feb. 9, 1904, followed by the 8th St. line a week later and by the Grand St. line on Nov. 28, 1905. The construction of an underground station for the railway traffic on the bridge is in progress at the Manhattan end, Snare & Triest, contractors. Date of contract, July 12, 1906. at Length of main span, center to center of towers, 1,600 ft. Length of entire bridge, 7,200 ft. Width of bridge, main span over all, 118 ft. Height of bridge above high water pier head lines, 121 ft. Height of bridge for 400 ft. over middle of river, 135 ft. Height of masonry towers above high water, 23 ft. Height of cables at towers above high water, 333 ft. Width of each two carriageways, 20 ft. Number of trolley tracks, 4. Number of elevated railway tracks, 2. Weight of steel in each tower, 3,048 tons. Weight of steel in end spans both sides of the river. 6,140 tons. Weight of steel in Bkln. approach, 6,085 tons. Weight of steel in Mhtn. approach, 10,550 tons. Weight of steel in main span, 7,772 tons. Weight of steel in cables and fittings 5,000 tons. Diameter of cables, outside of wires, 18% inches. Number of wires in each cable, 7,696. Size of each wire in cables (No. 6), about 3-16 inch. wires, Length of each of the cable about 3,500 ft. Quantities of material used in the bridge: Timber, about 8,000,000 ft. B. M.; excavation, about 125,000 cubic yards; concrete masonry, about 60,000 cubic yards; stone masonry, about 130,000 cubic yards; steel, about 45,000 tons. The present engineer and executive officer is K. L. Martin. Engr. in Charge, office 179 Washington, Ekin. BRIDGES NOS. 3 AND 4. Bridges Nos. 3 and 4 over the East River were begun under the Van Wyck administration. On Nov. 30, 1898, the Mayor submitted proposals to the Board of Public Improvements for a third bridge between Mhtn. and Bkln., and one between Mhtn. and Queens Borough. That body ordered the preparation of preliminary plans for both proposed structures. Manhattan Bridge (No. 3). On Dec. 2, 1899, the Bridge Com. forwarded to the Sec. of War plans for a wire cable suspension bridge to extend from the Bowery and Canal, in Mhtn., to Myrtle av., between Gold and Prince, in Bkln. The ordinance authorizing construction was approved by the Mayor Jan. 8, 1900, and Jan. 29, 1900, the Sec. of War approved the plans. The estimated cost was fixed at $15.833.600, of which $9,552,000 was for the structure, $4,000,000 for land in Mhtn., and $2.281,600 for land in Bkln. The Bkln. tower foundation contract was let to J. C. Rogers, May 1, 1901, for $471,757, and the foundation was completed in Dec., 1902. The Mhtn. tower foundation contract was let to J. C. Rogers, Dec. 22. 1902. for $482.726.56, and the foundation was completed in March, 1904. Under Bridge Com. Lindenthal the plans as approved by the War Dept. and upon which construction was authorized These were radically changed. vised plans were approved by the Art Commission on March 10, 1903, and on July 9, 1903, the contract for masonry pedestals on top of the tower foundations was let to J. C. Rog re ers for $150,000. These pedestals were completed in Aug., 1904. the The Aldermen withheld authorization of a bond issue for the bridge under Com. Lindenthal's revised plans, embracing steel eye-bar chains in place of wire cables, and early in 1904 a further revision of plans was made, involving a return to wire cable design. June 23, 1904, the Mayor approved the bond issue to provide funds for the continuance of the construction of the bridge and on Sept. 15, 1904, the Art Commission approved the latest revision of plans. The bridge will cross the East River bet. the ft. of Pike, Mhtn., and Washington, Bkln., the terminals being at the Bowery in Mhtn., and Nassau, in Bkin. Flatbush av. will be extended to the Bkin. terminal. The total length will be about 6,854 ft. and the extreme width 120 ft. The elevation above mean high water at center will be 135 ft. clear. There will be four trolley tracks and four elevated railway tracks, one 35 ft. roadway and two 11 ft. promenades. Bids for the two anchorages were opened Dec. 22, 1904. The Bkln. anchorage contract was let to Kosmos Engineering Co., Jan. 24, 1905, for $1,212,554, and the Mhtn. anchorage contract was let to Williams Engineering and Contracting Co., Feb. 9, 1905, for $1,197,000. The buildings have been removed from the anchorage sites, work is progressing on both anchorages, and they are now practically ready for cable construction. On Aug. 10, 1905, bids were opened for furnishing the metal work for the anchorages and constructing the towers, cables, suspenders and suspended superstructure. Five bids were received, that of the Pennsylvania Steel Co., for $7,248,739, being the lowest. The contract was awarded to the Pennsylvania Steel Co., but this award was set aside by the courts on a taxpayer's action. Bids were again advertised for and the contract was awarded to the Ryan-Parker Construction Co. on June 15, 1906, at a price of $6,493, 223, since which date the manufacture and fabrication of the steel required has progressed. Nearly all of the steel for the towers has been rolled and the towers are now in process of erection. On Oct. 8, 1907, the city acquired the title to most of the property required for both the Mhtn. and Bkln. approaches. The plans and specifications for the approaches are now completed ready for receiving bids. Blackwell's Island Bridge (No. 4). The general plan for a cantilever bridge from 2d av., bet. 59th and 60th, Mhtn., across Blackwell's Island to an intersection with Jane st., L. I. C., was submitted to the Sec. of War, Dec. 2, 1899. Its estimated cost was $12,548,500, of which $3,400,000 was for the structure itself, $2.398,500 for land required in Mhtn, and $750,000 for land in L. I. City. Nov. 15, 1900, the ordinance authorizing construction was approved by the Mayor, and on Feb. 23, 1901, the plans were approved by the War Dept. March 29, 1901, the Aldermen authorized condemnation proceedings for the land required, and June 27, 1901, the contract for the construction of the 6 masonry piers was let to Ryan & Parker, for $745,547. Construction of the piers was commenced July 19, 1901, and completed June 10, 1904, at a tota cost of $858,565.01. The contract for the steel superstructure was let to the Pennsylvania Steel Co., Nov. 20, 1903, for $5,132,985. The erection of this superstructure is in progress. The contract for power houses and elevator towers on the piers was let to the Williams Engineering and Contracting Co. on Dec. 31, 1903, for $685,000. Work under this contract is in progress. The contracts for the Queens Viaduct was let to the Bkln. Realty Const. Co., Jan. 21, 1907, for $787,801. The contract for the approach in Ihtn. was let to the Snare & Triest Co., May 21, 1907, for $1,576,760. The contract for the approach in Queens was let to the Maryland Steel Co., September 4, 1307, for $758,600. The total length of the bridge will be 7,636 ft. The lengths of the spans are: Mhtn, anchor span, 469 5-10 ft.; west channel span, 1,182 ft.; Island span, 630 ft.; east channel span, 984 ft.; Queens anchor' span, 459 ft. The clear height over river channels will be 135 ft. Plans were a proved by the Art Commission, Feb. 10, 1903. WATER SUPPLY OF NEW YORK CITY. BROOKLYN. at Brooklyn's water supply is obtained for the most part from the southern slope of Long Island west of Amityville, about one-fifth being obtained from surface streams and fourfifths from driven well stations within the same territory. This water is delivered through iron pipes and a brick conduit to the main pumping station at Ridgewood, from where it is raised to the Ridgewood reservoirs. These reservoirs have a capacity of about 300,000,000 gallons, and supply the greater part of the distribution mains of the borough. Certain high sections of Brooklyn, known as the highservice sections, obtain their water from the Mount Prospect reservoir and tower, the water for the tower service being taken from the distribution mains coming down from the Ridgewood reservoir and repumped the Mount Prospect Pumping Station. The supply system includes 71⁄2 miles of brick conduit from Massapequa to the Millburn Pumping Station, three lines of cast-iron pipe from the Millburn Pumping Station to Smith's Pond (a distance of about 3 miles), and a brick conduit and two lines of 48-inch cast-iron pipe from Smith's Pond to the Ridegwood Pumping Station, the distance between these two points being about 12 miles. In addition to this, about 81⁄2 miles of a 72-inch steel main have been laid from Ridgewood east. It is proposed to extend this steel main to the easternmost limits of the watershed and use it as a force main to pump from different points on the Island directly into the distribution system. From Ridgewood pumping station six (6) force mains lead up to the reservoir. Along the conduit lines are 19 driven well stations, one pond pumping station (known Smith's pond), 2 infiltration gallery pumping stations, 2 mechanical filter plants, 2 sand filter beds and a pumping station at Millburn that raises the water delivered there from the eastern conduit terminal to the higher level of the western conduit. The gravity supply is obtained from 10 ponds having a total storage capacity of about 1,060,000,000 gallons. On Jan. 1, 1907, the distribution system consisted of about 850 miles of distributing mains, with 11.847 stop-cocks and 11,826 hydrants. The present safe pumping capacity of the Ridgewood pumping station is about 140,000,000 gallons daily. There are now under contract 5 additional pumping engines for the Ridgewood pumping station that will increase the pumping capacity by about 90,000,000 gallons. as Within the limits of the Borough of Brooklyn there are at present 4 other important plants obtaining their supply from driven wells-the Flatbush Water Works, which is owned by a private company and supplies the 29th ward; the New Lots. Gravesend and New Utrecht plants, owned by the City, and which supply the 26th, 30th and 31st wards. In addition to this, there is under contract at present all work necessary for establishing a fifth pumping station, namely, the Canarsie Pumping Station, which will obtain its supply from driven wells and have a safe capacity of at least 5,000,000 gallons per day. The New Lots plant is located at New Lots av., at the head of Fresh Creek. The old plant had 2 pumping engines, one of 3,000,000 gallons and one of 3,500,000 gallons daily capacity. A new pumping station, with new wells, has been completed in this vicinity and is now in operation. It contains two 5,000,000-gallon pumping engines. The total average daily pumpage from the New Lots plants is 7,144,000 gallons. The Flatbush Water Works are located at the head of Paerdegat Creek. They have one 5,000,000 and two 3,000,000 pumping engines, and are installing a 10,000,000-gallon pumping engine; they also have a stand-pipe at Franklin and Washington avenues, and claim to have about 100 miles of distribution mains-the average daily pumpage being stated as being about 6.000,000 gallons. The New Utrecht plant is located at E. 14th st. and Av. U. and contains two 2,000,000-gallon engines-the average daily pumpage being about 1,539,000 gal lons. The Gravesend plant is at E. 17th st. and Av R, and contains 2 pumping enginesthe average daily pumpage being about 3,238,000 gallons. At this station a new building has been erected and a 6,500,000-gallon pumping engine installed, and as soon as the work on the additional wells is completed the new plant will be put into service. Within the borough limits are four other unimportant private water systems. In addition to the above plants there are 3 high-pressure fire-service stations within the borough limits-the one at Coney Island being completed and in service, and the other two it is expected will be put in service the early part of the year. These stations, however, are not intended for any use except fire service, and do not add in any way to the supply of the borough. The average daily consumption from the Ridgewood, Gravesend, New Utrecht and New Lots stations, in 1907, was about 136,000,000 gallons. MANHATTAN AND THE BRONX, The water supply of Manhattan is received from the Croton watershed, thirty miles north of the borough. The capacity of the aqueducts and reservoirs is 380,000,000 gallons per day. In Bronx the territory east of Harlem River is supplied from the Bronx and Byram River watersheds, through a 48-inch pipe conduit 15 miles in length from the storage reservoir at Kensico to the receiving and distributing reservoir at Williamsbridge. The maximum capacity of this conduit is about 22,000,000 gallons per day. The Williamsbridge reservoir has a capacity of 147,000,000 gallons. The territory east of the Bronx River was formerly supplied by the New York and Westchester Water Company, but this plant was purchased by the city in December, 1902. The work of constructing the reservoirs and mains was begun in 1835 by an act of the Legislature. system was completed in 1842 and the water was turned on on the 4th of July of that year. The conduit from the Croton Dam to Central Park Reservoirs is about 40 miles. The new Croton Aqueduct was opened July 15, 1890, and has a capacity of about 300,000,000 gallons. Highbridge has a reservoir with 11,000,000 gallins. The reservoir in Central Park will hold 1.200,000,000 gallons. The system of water mains in Manhattan & Bronx now includes 1,171 miles of combined mains, with 17,376 fire hydrants. The combined storage capacity of the reservoirs in Croton, Bronx and Byram River sheds is 44,500,000,000 gallons. The The main wall of the new Croton dam is 200 ft. thick at the bottom. 1,000 ft. long, with a spillway of 1.000 ft., making an extended masonry of 2,000 ft. It extends 134 ft. below bed of river, 166 ft. high above bed of river and its top is 216 ft. above tide water and 100 ft. above the reservoir in Central Park. The dam was commenced in 1892. The estimated cost was $4,150,573. The actual cost will be about $5,500,000. It will have a storage capacity of 30,000,000,000 gallons, and the lake, when the water rises to the spillway, will be between 19 and 20 miles long. This lake was partially filled in 1904 and 1905. QUEENS. The city owns 6 water plants in service; 3 in 1st Ward (L. I. City), 3 in 3d Ward (Flushing, College Point, Whitestone). Daily pumping capacity-First Ward, Station No. 1, 2,000,000 gallon pumping engine and one 1,000,000 gallon pumping engine. Available water supply, 1,000,000 gallons in 24 hours. Station No. 2, a capacity of 1,280,000 gals. daily, in full operation. Available supply, 1,250,000 gals. Station No. 3. one 2,000,000 gallon pumping engine and one 1,500,000 gallon pumping engine. Available water supply. 1,000,000 gallons in 24 hours. One Third Ward-Bayside Pumping Station. 2,000,000 gallon pumping engine and one 1,000,000 gallon pumping engine. Source of supply-25 driven wells, of about 1,000,000 gallons capacity. Pump into stand-pipe. Flushing Pumping Station-One 2.000.000 gallon pumping engine and one 3,000,000 gallon pumping engine. Source of supply, pond of about 1,500,000 gallons capacity in 24 hours, and deep wells, capacity about WATER SUPPLY OF NEW YORK CITY-Continued. 2,000,000 gallons in 24 hours. Whitestone Pumping Station-One 1,000,000 gallon pumping engine. Source of supply, driven wells, yield about 500,000 gallons in 24 hours. The public water system of the whole borough includes 96 miles of mains, 1,450 fire hydrants, 1,702 gate, 11,000 houses are supplied. In addition to above are contracts for large water mains in 1st and 3d Wards, amounting to $200,000, work on which will begin early in 1908. Private water companies supply part of the borough. Five million gallons are furnished to the 1st Ward by Citizens' Water Supply Co. The city pays $18 to $25 per year each for following hydrants: Queens County Water Co., 356 hydrants; Woodhaven Water Co., 737 hydrants, Citizens' Water Supply Co., 803 hydrants; Jamaica Water Supply Co., 1,009 hydrants. The water supply of Jamaica is from driven wells nearby. The daily pumping capacity is 3,000,000 gallons; daily consumption is 2,500,000 gallons, and annual consumption is 900,000,000. There are 55 miles of mains. The water supply of the town of Newtown is derived from 25 driven wells. The Citizens' Water Supply Co. has 7 pumping stations, with a total pumping capacity of 27,000,000 gallons per day. The stations are situated: No. 1, at Clermont av., Elmhurst, with a capacity of 3,750,000 gallons, from 28 driven wells; No. 2, at Trains Meadow, Woodside, 5,000,000 gallons, from 90 driven wells; No. 3, at Willow Glen, near Jamaica, 6,000,000 gallons, from 43 driven wells, No. 4, on the Backus Farm, at Whitepot, 1,500,000 gallons, from 16 driven wells; No. 5, on the Backus Farm, Hoffman boulevard, 1,750,000 gallons, from 14 driven wells; No. 6, Maurice av., Maspeth, 1,600,000 gallons, from 16 driven wells; No. 7, at Great Neck, 4,000,000 gallons; No. 8, at Douglaston, 8,000,000 gallons. The sy stem has about 125 miles of mains, with 803 hydrants and 7,000 private consumers, beside supplying the 1st Ward, Borough of Queens, with 5,000,000 gallons daily. The average daily output is 12,000,000 gallons, but the pumping capacity is 26,000,00 gallons. RICHMOND. Of the 4 water plants one is owned by the city, located at Tottenville. It has a capacity of 364,000,000 gallons per day, capacity of standpipe, 140,000 gallons, and the daily consumption is about 110,000 gallons. The water is drawn from 8 driven wells. The system has 84 miles of mains and 76 fire hydrants. The other 3 plants are private enterprises and comprise the following: Crystal Water Co. at Stapleton, supplying village of Edgewater and towns of Southfield, Northfield and Middletown, outside of incorporated villages; the South Shore Water Co. at New Dorp, and Staten Island Water Supply Co. at West New Brighton, supplying villages of New Brighton and Port Richmond and town of Northfield. The Crystal Water Co. has a capacity of 5,000,000 and daily consumption of 2,500,000 gals. The South Shore Water Supply Co. has a pumping capacity of 750,000 and consumption of 80,000 gallons per day. The Staten Island Water Supply Co. has a pumping capacity of 8,000,000 gallons and consumption of 4,000,000 gallons per day. There are 132 miles of mains, 1,002 fire hydrants and 62 draw hydrants. The city pays $25 per year for 629 fire hydrants, $20 per year for 18 fire hydrants, $30 per year for 351 fire nydrants, $30 per year for 62 draw hydrants and $40 per year for 18 fire hydrants. CITIZENSHIP, NATURALIZATION, RESIDENCE AND QUALIFICA TION OF Citizenship-The State and Federal statutes declare the following persons to be citizens: All persons born in United States and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed. All persons legally naturalized. All children born out of jurisdiction of United States, whose fathers are at time of their birth citizens thereof, but the right of citizenship shall not descend to children whose fathers have never resided in the United States. A child born in a foreign country of a mother who is a citizen of the United States is not himself a citizen by reason of his mother's citizenship. The inhabitants of Hawaii are citizens of the United States by virtue of annexation. The inhabitants of the Philippines and Porto Rico, while entitled to protection of the United States under the Constitution, cannot enjoy the privileges of citizenship until Congress sees fit to admit them to the Union as States, or organizes them under a territorial form of government. Naturalization-The applicant for citizenship must have resided in United States for the continue term of at least 5 years next preceding his admission, and 1 year within State or Territory where the court is held that admits him. Not less than 2 nor more than 7 years before his admission he must declare, on oath or affirmation, before any court of record, with seal, of unlimited jurisdiction, of any State or Territory, or before a Circuit or District Court of the United States, his intention to become a citizen, etc. The language excludes County Courts, hitherto having jurisdiction. Any perscn over 18 years of age may declare intention and every person must declare intention. There is a fee of $1 for receiving and filing declaration of intention; of $2 for filing petition, and of $2 for making final order and issuing citizenship certificate. Question blanks for first or final papers may be had from court clerk. Children of a naturalized citizen who become residents of the United States during their minority are entitled to citizenship without being naturalized. Allens of the age of 21 years and upward, who have enlisted in the armies of the United States, in the regular or volunteer forces, and VOTERS. have been honorably discharged, are entitled to become citizens upon petition, without previous declaration of intention, and are not required to prove more than 1 year's residence. Seamen of foreign birth, who have declared intention to become citizens, may be naturalized after 3 years service on merchant ships. Seamen of U. S. navy and U. S. marines, honorably discharged after 5 years of service, are entitled to citizenship upon presentation of discharge and affidavit of identity. Residence-A residence once acquired continues to be the residence of a person until he absents himself there from and locates in another place with the intention of there remaining. For the purpose of voting, no person has gained er lost a residence by reason of his presence or absence while in the employ of the United States; nor while engaged in the navigation of the waters of the United States, or the high seas; nor while a student in any seminary of learning; r.or while kept in an almshouse or institution wholly or partly supported at public expense or by charity, nor while con fined in any public prison. Only free white persons and those of African descent may be naturalized. Qualifications of Voters-Every male citizen 21 years old is entitled to vote if he shall be on or before the day of election a citizen of the United States 90 days, a resident of the State 1 year, a resident of the county 4 months, a resident of the election district 30 days. A person otherwise qualified whose birthday is on the day following election is entitled to vote. A minor who has been convicted of felony and has served out his term during his minority is not entitled to vote on becoming of age. (See Eagle Library No. 132, pages 25, 29.) To Raise the Assuan Dam. The council of ministers, Cairo, Egypt, adopted the proposition, Mar. 21, 1907, to raise Assuan Dam sufficiently to increase the present maximum of water twenty feet. This will .dd 1,000,000 acres to the irrigated section of northern Egypt, increase the cotton $20,000,000 annually, take six years to complete and will cost $7,500,000. |