a force of no less than 38 battleships, 65 cruisers, and a flotilla of torpedo-boats and torpedo-boat destroyers to represent his sea power in 1920. This is one reason why the Germania yard was acquired in 1902 by the Krupps. While one of the most extensive in the world, it is being enlarged to more than double its original capacity; and its facilities for building not only warships of every type, but merchantmen, are to-day probably unequaled on the globe. The old yard comprised over 300 acres, and its five slips for ves

sel-building were large enough to lay down first-class battleships. Two more, however, have already been added, and three additional ones will be constructed in the near future. These have a length varying from 377 to 836 feet, a width of from 85 to 100 feet; and four are enclosed, so that marine work can continue throughout the year in spite of the weather. When the hull of a vessel is completed, it is necessary only to let the water into the slip by removing the pontoon at the sea end, thus avoiding the ne

cessity for launching. With the ten slips in operation, a small fleet of battleships and cruisers, in addition to torpedoboats, can be constructed at the same time, for one of them is especially designed for the smaller craft, being large enough to allow five to be put under way at the same time. This yard has already turned out some of the most noted war craft in the world. With all of its new machinery in operation, an army of 7,000 men will be required in spite of the immense number of labor-saving tools

Wilhelm, Nymphe, and Amazone, were constructed in these slips. One of the most notable pieces of work was the Askold, to which we have already referred. This cruiser which is of 6,000 tons, was built not only for speed, but to carry unusually powerful batteries. After being completed, she attained a speed of no less than 24 knots an hour with her triple screws, one knot more than the required rate, developing 19,999 horse-power. Among the additions. to Germany's merchantmen built at the

which are used. A further idea of its magnitude can be gained, when it is stated that the yard occupies a frontage of over half a mile on Kiel harbor.

Reference has already been made to the importance of this plant in the construction of war vessels. Among the notable craft completed are four battleships for the German Navy, including the Worth (10,000 tons), the Zahringen (11,800 tons), and another ship recently placed in commission of 13,000 tons. A number of the principal naval vessels, such as the battleship Baden, have been rebuilt. Recent additions to the fleet of German cruisers, such as the Prinzess

Germania yard, are the Lloyd ships Bonn and Halle; also the famous Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, which has made such. a record in trans-Atlantic service.

While the Essen works may be called the pioneer of the group of Krupp industries, it is interesting to note that they have kept pace with the improvements perfected in equipment for producing metal in its various forms. The crucible, open-hearth, and Bessemer sections are equipped with the most modern machinery for these purposes. The first-named plant is capable of casting single pieces from the greatest number of crucibles of any steel works in the world, turning

plate which is finished in this department, necessitates unusually powerful drills and lathes. These are operated by steam power; also by individual electric motors, directly connected. or belted to the mechanism. The turrets are finished by what may be termed double tools, the cutting parts of which are fastened to cylinders traveling on a horizontal, serrated platform. suspended above. The turret is bolted to a revolving framework, which can be adjusted to the cutting tool as desired. Probably the most powerful horizontal lathes in the world are used at the Essen shops.

out ingots weighing 85 tons and over. The furnaces are. served with power cranes, electricity being principally employed as the motive power. The machinery for converting the raw material into armor and other plates, includes no less than 22 trains of rolls, steam hammers, whose "tups" weigh from 100 pounds to 55 tons; and 2 forging presses for treating armor-plate, representing a power of 5,000 and 2.000 tons respectively. They are operated by the hydraulic system, as well as 2 bending presses, each of 7,000 tons. These presses are similar in their principal features to the ones in service in Bethlehem (Pa.) and the Carnegie works in the United States. For transferring the ingots, armor-plates, and other heavy machinery, electrical overhead traveling cranes are principally used, supported by the framework of the buildings where they are installed and serving all parts of each building. The larger ones have a maximum lifting capacity of 165

tons.

The machine tools employed form one of the most interesting portions of the mechanical installations, as might be imagined. The large quantity of heavy armor

One of the most interesting features of the Krupp projects is the provision made for employees. It may be said that the workers who are on the payrolls of the concern form a class by themselves in the Empire. They are so largely engaged in the manufacture of war material and upon war vessels, that they feel that they are in the service of the Empire as much as if they were soldiers or enlisted in the German Navy. As already stated, the majority reside in communities by themselves. Most of the houses and other buildings in these were

HOME FOR INVALID WORKMEN. Maintained by the Krupps.

constructed by the Krupps out of a special fund for the purpose. The people are clothed, fed, and their houses furnished, largely from stores which are also established by the company in the various "colonies," as they are termed. Altogether there are nearly 100 groceries, meat markets, and dry goods stores, in addition to a flour mill, two slaughter houses, an ice factory, a brush factory, and a shoe factory-all maintained by the Krupps. In one of the colonies is a workman's hotel which will accommodate a thousand, while among them are distributed eight restaurants, and two of what are termed "coffee houses." All of these communities contain schools and churches erected and maintained for the benefit of the residents; and several of them have workmen's clubs as well. A portion of each site is also laid out for a park and playground for children. At Altenhof, which

is set apart for the disabled men and pensioners, is one of the model hospitals of Europe, devoted exclusively to the use of the employees. Other beneficial features connected with the various industries are savings banks and insurance societies.

Although the death of Friedrich Alfred Krupp removed the last of this famous line of steel workers, the enterprises which he created and so elaborated are to be continued under the same policy, for, prior to his death, the management of the various properties was placed in the hands of a board of fourteen directors under his supervision. This board is to continue in office by the decision of the heirs of the Krupp estate. The majority of the members are men who have spent most of their lives in association with the Krupps, and who are familiar with the various features of the works.

N the western coast of the United States, at Monterey, California, Mrs. Fish keeps the lamps lighted in the Point Pinas lighthouse. On the eastern coast, at South Portland, Maine, Mrs. Gordon earns her living by working as a deep-sea diver. Sprinkled over the country between these two women, there are thousands of other members of the female sex who deserve to be enrolled as auxiliaries to Mr. Kipling's corps of "Unafraid Gentlemen."

There is Miss Claire Ferguson, for instance, of Salt Lake County, Utah. She has served as deputy sheriff. Her mother, Dr. Ellen B. Ferguson, was a delegate

from Utah to the Democratic national convention of 1896. She was then recognized as the leading politician of her sex in a State in which women have the suffrage. Evidently her daughter Claire is worthy of her. Miss Claire gave a bond of $1,500, and was authorized "to serve writs and summonses, to impanel jurors, to arrest lawbreakers, and to officiate at hangings." Incidentally she occupied her spare time in studying law, her intention being to graduate from the deputy sheriff ship to the bar.

But a woman does not have to become a deputy sheriff in order to show courage. She will be able to display that quality by doing so prosaic a thing as baking