was the transfer to it, by act of Congress, of the management and entire control of the national forest reserves in the West-over one hundred million acreswith withdrawals of twenty-five or thirty million acres more of forest lands.

The first qualification for forestry work is special college or university training. Foresters are made, it seems, not born, though born woodsmen should make the best foresters. Biltmore, Yale, Harvard, and Ann Arbor all have forest courses. Of these, Yale undoubtedly stands highest. Following one of these courses,

paying of all living and traveling expenses incident to field work. The position entails a stiff civil service examination, which no man may reasonably expect to pass unless he has been pretty well trained in forestry. With a start at $1,000, after four or five years a Forest Assistant should receive $1,800 a year, and would finally get in charge of a branch or division at $2,500 a year. Or, he might secure State employment at a much increased salary. The Bureau of Forestry is constantly called upon for trained foresters. Maryland, Massachu

several years of practice are necessary under the Government. The Government bureau is not only the pioneer in forestry in this country, but it is now practically the chief director in everything pertaining to this line of work. There are things, nevertheless, to be looked forward to in later years, which will probably be better than the present forest work under the federal bureau; yet the Government pays living salaries.

The positions in the service now opened to trained foresters (forest college men), are those of Forest Assistants. In the beginning, these positions pay from $900 to $1,000 a year, with the

setts, California, and Connecticut have all recently called upon Washington for foresters. A salary of $2,400 a year was offered by California for her forester. Gradually the pay for expert foresters must increase.

Practical lumbering is an important feature of a forest student's education.

"He should see all he can of lumbering," said Mr. Pinchot, the chief of the bureau, in speaking of a young man's necessary preparation for forest work. "Lumbering, on its executive side, is closer to forestry than any other calling. A good knowledge of the lumberman's methods-the methods followed in prac

tical operations-is an essential part of a forester's education.

"The student will find it a great advantage, too, to supplement his systematic studies in this country by six months to a year in studying the effects of forestry upon the forests of Europe. The American forest student who puts aside a chance to see forestry in Europe, makes the same mistake that a medical student would be guilty of who ignored an oppor

tunity to practice in the best hospitals abroad.

"College or university training, followed by a full course at a forestry school, and supplemented by work in the woods in this country and in Europe, may not be possible for every student of forestry. A thorough preparation for forestry as a profession should, however, include these lines of work. How many of them the student may omit and still retain a fair chance of success in his profession, cannot be laid down altogether within hard, fast. lines, although study at

a forestry school has become an essential. A great deal must depend upon a man's zeal and industry, and upon his natural fitness for forest work. On the other hand, the man who is considering forestry as a profession will do well to remember that the only sound basis for success in forestry, as in any other scientific profession, is a thorough and systematic preparation; that no matter how high his natural abilities may be, the in

above all, a thorough understanding of his work in the man who undertakes to deal with them.

"The management of the national forest reserves requires the services of many trained men. The Forest Service will require an increasing number of suitably prepared foresters to supply its needs. The lack of foresters to care for the forest interests of the several States is already making itself strongly felt. An increasing number of foresters will be re

ways an unrivaled opportunity to trained men."

The field force of the Forest Service now contains the grades of Forest Inspector, Forest Supervisor, Forest Assistant, and Forest Ranger-all experts.

The position of Forest Inspector is filled only by the promotion of experienced men. Forest Inspectors are assigned to inspection upon forest reserves or in other branches of the forest work. Forest Supervisors are appointed by

of one or more reserves, and now receive from $1,000 to $2,000 a year.

Forest Assistants are appointed only by competitive examination, and may be assigned to reserve duty or to work in. other branches of the Forest Service. They receive from $900 to $1,400 a year.

Forest Rangers are appointed only by competitive examination, and are assigned to police and patrol duty upon forest reserves, and to the conduct of the business of a reserve under the direction of the Forest Supervisor. Forest Rangers now receive from $720 to $1,080 a year, or $60 to $90 a month.

The reorganization of the Forest Reserve Service for its 104 national reserves will take place as the necessary funds, and as men of the required train

.$1,800 to $2,500 a year

Forest Supervisor
Deputy Forest Supervisor.$1,500 to $1,700 a year
Forest Ranger
.$1,200 to $1,400 a year
Deputy Forest Ranger...$1,000 to $1,100 a year
Assistant Forest Ranger.. $800 to $900 a year

The Forest Service may take a man all over the United States. He may be called upon to measure timber or make out a working plan for the administration of a forest in the Adirondacks; he may be sent to the Southern fields, where the turpentine industry reigns; he may become an expert on forest planting on the Great Plains; he may be sent to rehabilitate the denuded slopes of the Coast Range in California; or he may have. other Western assignments where his forest range will support herds and flocks of cattle and sheep, and for these he will have to enforce grazing regulations.

R

ECENT investigation in various branches of physical science goes to show a surprising continuity between provinces that were formerly regarded as being strictly separated front each other-such, for instance, as the realm of lifeless matter on the one hand, and of organized bodies on the other. Professor St. Leduc has conducted a series of most interesting experiments, in the course of which artificial cells quite similar to those constituting organized bodies have been produced, behaving in every way like natural cells, and evidencing the fact that cell life is controlled, at least in its outward mechanism, by the purely physical laws of diffusion and cohesion. Professor Lehmann, on the other hand, has been successful in obtaining crystalline forms of a soft structure, which show all signs of a real life, reproducing and subdividing themselves, growing and moving with an extraordinary energy. The discovery, by Butler Burke, of what he calls "radiobes," should likewise be mentioned in this connection, these bodies being intermediary forms between crystals and bacteria, produced by the action of radium on a sterilized bouillon, and considered by many as real organisms created by the hand of

man.

It is hardly necessary to say that all these results, while being most interesting in themselves, are far from justifying such bold conclusions, or solving in any way the great and subtle problem of the Origin of Life. They, however, do show a remarkable uniformity of mechanism in the phenomena of dead matter on the one hand and living organisms on the other. Another step in the same direction has recently been taken by Doctor Stadel

mann of Dresden, Germany, who was able to produce from inorganic matter a large variety of forms which strikingly resemble those created by Nature in the realm of organized beings, thus proving how the latter, as it were, repeats herself.

Doctor Stadelmann was induced to undertake the investigations that resulted in this discovery, by the striking uniformity to be noted in all phenomena of Nature, inclusive of those pertaining to the human mind, which by modern psychology have been shown to be subject to the same laws and necessities as purely physical phenomena. The energy of the outside world, after being absorbed by the skin and the organs of the senses, there undergoes a transformation, giving rise to chemico-physical reactions in the