Approximate value of plant belonging to the United States and used in improving Mississippi River from the head of the passes to the mouth of the Ohio River. Shipment of bulk grain by river to New Orleans during 1891. Date. Shipment of bulk grain by river to New Orleans during 1891-Continued. Bushels. Bushels. Tons. Tons. Tons. 26 Sidney Dillon and barges 3,725 3,725 28 82,500 Jay Gould and barges. 2,475 1,160 3,635 131,500 30 S. H. H. Clark and barges 3,945 3,945 101, 000 126, 537 Jay Gould and barges.. Sidney Dillon and Barges 5 Jay Gould and barges. 8 do.... 2,925 530 3,455 121,705 10 Jno. Gilmore and barges.. 3,260 3,260 111,500 12 My Choice and barges. 14 Sidney Dillon and barges. 102, 100 3,065 420 3,485 105, 520 3, 165 3, 165 23 Sidney Dillon and barges. 23 Jay Gould and barges 3,875 3,875 139,839 25 My Choice and barges 26 129,500 Sidney Dillon and barges. 86, 700 27 Jay Gould and barges. 117, 029 Sept. 2 120, 297 Sidney Dillon and barges. 30,000 3 Jay Gould and barges. 79,700 4 My Choice and barges.. 7 E. M. Norton and barges.. 7 J. P. Jackson and barges 2,315 2,315 129,938 9 My Choice and barges.. 45,300 11 Sidney Dillon and barges. 67, 200 13 Jay Gould and barges 40, 300 15 My Choice and barges.. 16 E. M. Norton and barges.. 22 E. M. Norton and barges. 23 My Choice and barges.. 1,855 My Choice and barges.. Sidney Dillon and barges.. 53,000 Sidney Dillon and barges. 13 Jay Gould and barges.. 18 My choice and barges 1,960 1,960 21 Sidney Dillon and barges. 21 Jay Gould and barges.. 24 27 My Choice and barges. Sidney Dillon and barges. 29 Jay Gould and barges.. 1,635 1,635 Nov. 2 56, 422 My Choice and barges.. 12 E. M. Norton and barges. 1,620 45, 492 12 Jay Gould and barges 12 My Choice and barges. 56,000 1,680 1,680 18 Sidney Dillon and barges. 46,300 1,390 1,390 42, 200 1,265 1,265 1,380 1,395 2,100 1,980 1,705 2,720 1,645 1,675 1,620 1,640 1,030 Shipments by New Orleans boats and barges for three years. Shipments by Memphis, Vicksburg, aud Natchez boats for three years. APPENDIX 4 A. REPORT OF ASSISTANT ENGINEER CHAS. W. STEWART ON SECONDARY TRIANGULATION FROM KEOKUK, IOWA, TO PORT LOUISA, IOWA, WITH TABULATED RESULTS, DESCRIPTIONS OF STATIONS, AND PLAT OF TRIANGULATION. ST. LOUIS, MO., November 15, 1891. CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following detail report of secondary triangulation from Keokuk, Iowa, to Port Louisa, Iowa, done in May, June, and July, 1891. The work ordered consisted of secondary triangulation beginning at Keokuk on a base measured in 1891 by Assistant Eisenman, and later by Assistant G. Y. Wisner, the azimuth of which had been determined by Assistant Eisenman, the work to extend northward. A reconnoissance and location of stations had been made by Assistant F. B. Maltby in March and April of this year. There was required a base and azimuth at New Boston, Illinois. The party were quartered on the steamer Patrol and quarter-boat Illinois. The Patrol left St. Louis with quarter-boat Illinois and Kentucky in tow on April 25, arrived at Keokuk on April 27, proceeded to St. Paul with the Kentucky, and returned to Keokuk on May 4. The party consisted of Assistant Charles W. Stewart in charge, and Assistants F. B. Maltby, A. T. Morrow, G. H. French, Recorders C. L. Ockerson, O. N. Axtell, F. W. Clay, and Rodman E. W. Robinson: master of steamer T. C. Hockridge, Pilot William Kelly, Steam Engineer W. E. Mead, 1 fireman, 1 watchman, a galley force of 4, and about 15 axemen and skiffimen, making a total force of about 32 men. Instruments. The instruments furnished were Throughton & Simms theodolites Nos. 1, 2, and 12, Little Gambey No. 2, Wurdeman 10-inch transit No. 193, B. & B. transit 611, and B. & B. level 617, Missouri River Commission tape marked II and the tension apparatus used during the preceding seasons by Mr. O. B. Wheeler. For protection from sun and wind two large umbrellas and a 7 feet by 14 feet canvas windbreak were used. Portable observing tripods with brass shifting heads furnished supports for secondary instruments. The stations, Rapids, Lower Base, and Upper Base of Assistant Eisenman were occupied and the triangle filled, and the angles denoted a shifting of the surface marks at the bases. When the surface marks were removed it was found that relative to the buried mark lower base had shifted 0.016 meters and upper base 0.036 meters. The buried mark at upper base had its surface about 14 feet below water surface in the canal, was about 35 feet from the bank of canal, and in slope of railway embankment. As lower base and rapids were in higher ground the length and azimuth of the line joining them was taken from office manuscripts as the length and azimuth for base, viz.. A Rapids to Lower Base is 1595.485 meters and its azimuth 76° 29′ 30.75. Coördinates of Rapids 40° 25′ 16."66 N. 91° 21' 49.71 W. Coördinates of A Lower Base 40° 25′ 04." 58 Ñ. 91° 22' 55.52. These latitudes and longitudes are referred to the astronomical post at Cairo. The secondary angles were read by Mr. Maltby and myself. Mr. Morrow located stone lines and did the incident tertiary triangulation. Mr. French had the work of building stations and clearing lines. Mr. Hockridge rendered assistance in relocating stations, clearing lines, etc. The monuments for triangulation stations were 18 inches by 18 inches by 4 feet vitrified tile and the capped 4-inch iron pipe, all suitably marked. A similar monument was used for stone-line bench marks. The geodetic mark was a cross in top of copper bolt leaded vertically into center of tile. This mark was transferred to the surface by means of a straight edge and plumb bob, the surface mark being a small depression in center of cap. Generally the top of pipe was 8 inches above the surface of ground and the bottom of tile 3 feet 8 inches below. The bronze bolts securing the cap were always set up tight with a wrench before leaving the station, to prevent their easy removal with the fingers. The targets. Phaseless targets were used throughout the season. At first the targets were of the usual pattern, and consisted of four vertical galvanized-iron wires arranged equidistantly about horizontal circles, and divided into zones by cloth strips stretched between opposite uprights, making sections through the axis of the cylinder. Targets of varying diameters were required for varying lengths of triangle sides, and Chief Assistant Ockerson devised a target whose section was diamondshaped, and which was about 15 inches wide at center, and came to a point at each end. Zones of white cloth passed through the axis of the target, and the target was light, stiff, easily plumbed, and the narrowest visible portion was used for sighting. This target supplies in itself a phaseless target of varying width, well adapted to varying length of triangle sides, and its shape serves to identify it. These targets were supported by wire guys. When placed on ground stations it was necessary to build wire fences around them to prevent horses and cattle from destroying them. Stations. The nature of the country required the building of observing stations, and twenty stations, with an average height of 22 feet, were built, at an average cost of about $20 each, of sawed lumber. This cost includes cost of lumber, hauling to station, and labor of erection. The stations built consisted of a tripod firmly anchored in the ground and a platform entirely disconnected from the tripod. Six men can erect a 30-foot station in one day, or nine hours. The following bills show the amount of lumber in an 18-foot and 36-foot station, including a ladder: For 36-foot station: 6 pieces, 4 by 4 inches by 18 feet. 33 pieces, 2 by 4 inches by 18 feet. 19 pieces, 2 by 4 inches by 14 feet. 16 pieces, 1 by 6 inches by 14 feet. For 18-foot station: 3 pieces, 4 by 4 inches by 18 feet. 3 pieces, 2 by 4 inches by 16 feet. 11 pieces, 2 by 4 inches by 14 feet. 8 pieces, 1 by 6 inches by 14 feet. 12 pieces, 2 by 4 inches by 18 feet. J 801 feet, B. M. 407 feet, B. M. The reconnoissance having been made when there was little or no foliage, lines which had been once seen over required sometimes considerable clearing and trimming and the reading of clearing angles. The programme of observations was as per instructions. For all secondary angles readings were taken positive and negative with telescope direct. The limb was then shifted 2240, and readings taken postive and negative with telescope reversed, etc., till eight results were obtained at equidistant points about the circle. The run of micrometer was noted daily and was very small. Vertical angles were read to stations. During a part of the season hazy weather made heliotroping necessary. The method was as follows: The heliotroper would cut a small hole in the target near its base and place a support or rest, so that from the point of rest the flash of the observing party could be seen. A small hand mirror was held with its center at the point of support and the sunlight reflected so as to cover the hole in the target. The tertiary triangulation was connected with the secondary by well-conditioned triangles. Its purpose was to locate the stone line bench marks, and is always self checking. The Patrol and Illinois were kept together the entire season. They were moved from Keokuk to Montrose, Iowa, on May 19; to Island No. 394 on May 27; to Fort Madison, Iowa, on May 31; to Burlington, Iowa, on June 14; to Oquawka on June 30; to Keithsburg, Ill., on July 3; and to New Boston, Ill., on July 10. At New Boston a base line had been located on July 4. This line is 28 inches south of south rail of Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, which runs east and west from New Boston and is a tangent. The base length was about 18,066 feet, and its length was transferred to the triangulation stations east base-west base, which were near the termini of the base line. It was measured with steel tape marked II of the Missouri River Commission, and the method was substantially the same as that previously employed by the Mississippi River Commission. On this line was an old trestle 800 feet long. To insure firmness to tape supports a 3 by 6 inch stringer was spiked to the outer ends of bridge ties and all stakes fastened to this stringer. For temperature three thermometers were read, at the 50-foot, 150-foot and 250-foot marks respectively, the bulbs near the tape, and they were read at the moment of marking. The tape lengths were marked on zinc strips and the record preserved. The portion over the trestle was remeasured during the first measurement to test its accuracy. The terminal posts and post 28 were of seasoned pine, 6 by 6 inches, set 5 feet in the ground. Their centers were side-lined to notice any change in position. The complete measurements were made on July 17. The actual time of measuring the 120 tapes was 261 minutes, an average of 1 tape in 2.2 minutes. The fractional portion of a tape (65 feet) at east base was duplicated with the tape. The fractional portions of 1 foot were measured with a silver scale whose length is correct within 01 inch. The discrepancy between these measurements was 1 in 254,000. As most of this discrepancy lay between post 28 and east base, this portion was remeasured at dawn on July 20, and a result obtained which agreed with the second measurement by 1 in 4,600,000. By rejecting the first measurement, the probable error of the base length is 1 in 1,933,000. By accepting all results, the mean errors give a prob |