u56050.55 HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY BEQUEST OF GEORGE AUGUSTINE THAYER Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by CHARLES CARLETON COFFIN, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. PREFATORY NOTE. THIS Volume, though historic, is not a history of the Rebellion, but a record of personal observations and experiences during the war, with an occasional look at affairs in general to give clearness to the narrative. The time has not arrived for the writing of an impartial history of the conflict between Slavery and Freedom in the United States. Reports of military operations are incomplete; documents in the archives at Washington are inaccessible; much material remains to be gathered before the patient historian can sift the wheat from the chaff. More than this, the war of ideas is not yet ended. Defeated Rebels in some parts of the South are bent on exterminating the African race. Few of those lately in rebellion plead guilty of having committed a crime; taking up arms against the government they consider to have been a blunder only. We are, therefore, too near the great events to render proper judgment upon questions in which our principles and sympathies have been enlisted. The chapter concerning the Confederate Cotton Loan may seem to be out of place in a volume of which so large a portion is given to narrative, but I trust that it will be acceptable to the general reader, inasmuch as it reveals the efforts of the Rebels to array all Europe against the United States in the late struggle. The correspondence in my possession was picked up in the streets of Richmond, and will be of value to the future historian. The chapter in question is but an outline of the operations of the Confederates abroad. In looking over the sheets as they came from the press, several errors relative to the organization and formation of troops in battle have been detected, which, however, will appear in but a few volumes. Undoubtedly there are others, and the writer will esteem it a favor to be put right wherever he is in the wrong. Few official reports of regimental and brigade officers have been published, while the reports of division and corps commanders are only general in their statements. The true history of battles cannot be given till the history of regiments is written. My stand-point as an observer is that of one whose instincts from early childhood have been on the side of Freedom. I have ever believed that Civil Liberty is the birthright of all men, and from the firing upon Sumter to the close of the contest had full faith that the people, under God, would subdue the Rebellion, and give freedom to the slave. The four years have been worth a century of ordinary life; for in the mighty contest Right has triumphed over Wrong, and the human race, with a clearer perception of Truth and Justice as the sure foundation of government, is moving on to a higher civilization. BOSTON, May, 1866. C. C. C. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER. Ideas and Principles. — Battles witnessed. The Leaders. State of Af- fairs. Baltimore. Dulness in the Streets. - Baltimore Women. A Song for Bunker Hill. The - - An Adventure. Broken English. — Unpleasant Position. General Contrast. Virginia Unionism. The First Shot. The Artillery. - Retreat of the Rebels. - The Negro's Story. Centreville. - Snuff Dip- - Affairs at Blackburn's Ford. - The Morning. - Progress of the - - Lincoln in his Springfield Home. - His Temperance Principles. Poolsville. - Colonel Baker's Body. Slavery in Western Maryland. — Visit to Eastern Maryland. - The White Horse." Character of the Country.. -Our Host at Pamunkey. - His Family. - Visit to Annapo- lis. Aristocratic Pride.. - Secession in Washington. - The Spirit of Slavery in the Army. The Hutchinson Family and General McClellan. Whittier's "Eine feste Burg ist unser Gott." Major Gould and his Scout. A Rebel Minister. - Washington Jail and its Inmates. - Close Position of Kentucky. - The Opinions of a Loyal Tennes- Hotel. - Secession Ladies. — Anthony Trollope. - Tomb of Henry Clay. - Clay's Opinion of Abolitionists. How a Presbyterian Minister would conduct the War. — Buell's Right Wing. — Trip down the Ohio. — Pas- sengers on Board the Grey Eagle. The People of Owensborough. – Up Green River. - Kentucky Unionists. Visit to Calhoun. A "first- |