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Henry Brooke ward 1706 zu Cavan in Irland geboren, studirte zu Dublin und widmete sich der juristischen Praxis, da es ihm aber nicht nach Wunsch damit ging, so begab er sich nach London, wo seine poetischen Leistungen grossen Beifall fanden, ihm jedoch die Misgunst der Regierung zuzogen. Eine langwierige Krankheit zwang ihn nach Irland zurückzukehren, wo er seine übrigen Tage in stiller Zurückgezogenheit, doch keineswegs den Musen untreu verbrachte und 1783 starb.

Brooke hinterliess vierzehn Dramen unter denen sein Trauerspiel Gustav Wasa das vorzüglichste ist, jedoch wie die übrigen an Unreife leidet. Eben so wenig bedeuten seine lyrischen und philosophischen Poesieen, obwohl sie zuerst eine sehr günstige Aufnahme fanden, da sie allerdings von glänzenden Fähigkeiten zeugten, denen aber später nicht genügende Ausbildung zu Theil wurde.

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Will the stork, intending rest, On the billow build her nest? Will the bee demand his store, From the bleak and bladeless shore?

Man alone, intent to stray, Ever turns from wisdom's way, Lays up wealth in foreign land, Sows the sea, and plows the sand.

Soon this elemental mass, Soon th' encumb'ring world shall pass, Form be wrapt in wasting fire, Time be spent, and life expire.

Then, ye boasted works of men, Where is your asylum then? Sons of pleasure, sons of care, Tell me, mortals, tell me where?

Gone, like traces on the deep, Like a sceptre, grasp'd in sleep, Dews, exhal'd from morning glades, Melting snows, and gliding shades.

Pass the world, and what's behind Virtue's gold, by fire refin'd; From an universe deprav'd, From the wreck of nature sav'd.

Like the life-supporting grain, Fruit of patience and of pain, On the swain's autumnal day, Winnow'd from the chaff away,

Little trembler, fear no more, Thou hast plenteous crops in store, Seed, by genial sorrows sown, More than all thy scorners own.

What though hostile earth despise, Heav'n beholds with gentler eyes, Heav'n thy friendless steps shall guide, Cheer thy hours, and guard thy side.

When the fatal trump shall sound, When th' immortals pour around, Heav'n shall thy return attest, Hail'd by myriads of the bless'd.

Little native of the skies, Lovely penitent, arise, Calm thy bosom, clear thy brow, Virtue is thy sister now.

More delightful are my woes, Than the rapture pleasure knows; Richer far the weeds I bring, Than the robes that grace a king.

On my wars, of shortest date, Crowns of endless triumph wait; On my cares, a period bless'd; On my toils eternal rest.

Come, with virtue at thy side, Come, be every bar defied, Till we gain our native shore, Sister, come and turn no more.

A Dirge.

Wretched mortals, doom'd to go
Through the vale of death and woe!
Let us travel sad and slow.
Care and sickness, toil and pain,.

Here their restless vigils keep;
Sighs are all the winds that blow,
Tears are all the streams that flow!
Virtue hopes reward in vain
The gentlest lot she can obtain

Is but to sit and weep!

Ye dreary mansions of enduring sleep, Where pale mortality lies dark and deep! Thou silent, though insatiate Grave, Gorged with the beauteous and the brave, Close, close thy maw thy feast is o'er. Time and Death can give no more!

Lyttleton.

George Lyttleton ward 1709 zu Hagley in Worcestershire geboren, zeichnete sich schon früh durch glückliche Anlagen aus, studirte zu Eton und Oxford, machte dann grössere Reisen und wurde nach seiner Rückkehr 1730 Parlamentsmitglied. Im Jahre 1737 ernannte ihn der Prinz von Wales zu seinem Secretair, später wurde er Lord der Schatzkammer, dann Staatskanzler und 1757 in Folge eines Ministerwechsels, Mitglied des Oberhauses. Bald darauf zog er sich ganz von Geschäften zurück und brachte den Rest seiner Tage auf seinem Erbgute Hagley zu, wo er am 18. November 1773 starb.

Seine Werke erschienen gesammelt, London 1775 in 4. Als Prosaiker ist er höchst gefeiert und seine Todtengespräche, sein Werk über den Apostel Paulus und seine Geschichte Heinrichs II. haben klassischen Ruf. Minder bedeutend erscheint er dagegen als Dichter; er betrachtete die Poesie nur als einen Zeitvertreib in müssigen Stunden und seine Leistungen auf diesem Gebiete sind correct und elegant, aber sie entbehren der Kraft und Tiefe. Die vier von ihm hinterlassenen Eklogen unter dem Gesammttitel The Progress of Love ermüden durch Affectation und Künstelei, gelungener sind mehrere seiner Episteln, namentlich diejenige, aus der wir hier einige Auszüge mittheilen und einige kleinere lyrische Gedichte.

Select Passages from Lord Lyttleton's
Advice to a Lady.

The counsels of a friend, Belinda, hear,
Too roughly kind to please a lady's ear.
Unlike the flatt'ries of a lover's pen,
Such truths as women seldom learn from men;
Nor think I praise you ill when thus I show
What female vanity might fear to know.
Some merit's mine to dare to be sincere,
But greater yours sincerity to bear.

Hard is the fortune that your sex attends;
Women, like princes, find few real friends;
All who approach them their own ends pursue:
Lovers and ministers are seldom true:

Henee oft from reason heedless Beauty strays,
And the most trusted guide the most betrays:
Hence, by fond dreams of fancied power amus'd,
When most ye tyrannize you're most abus'd.

Seek to be good, but aim not to be great;
A woman's noblest station is retreat;
Her fairest virtues fly from public sight.
Domestic worth, that shuns too strong a light.
To rougher man, ambition's task resign;
'Tis ours in senates or in courts to shine,
To labour for a sunk corrupted state,
Or dare the rage of envy, and be great.
One only care your gentle breast should move;
Th' important business of your life is love:
To this great point direct your constant aim,
This makes your happiness, and this your fame.

Be never cool reserve with passion join'd;
With caution choose, but then be fondly kind.
The selfish heart that but by halves is given
Shall find no place in love's delightful heaven;
Here sweet extremes alone can truly bless:
The virtue of a lover is excess.

A maid unask'd may own a well-plac'd flame;
Not loving first, but loving wrong, is shame.
Contemn the little pride of giving pain,
Nor think that conquest justifies disdain:
Short is the period of insulting power;
Offended Cupid finds his vengeful hour,
Soon will resume the empire which he gave,
And soon the tyrant shall become the slave.

Blest is the maid and worthy to be blest,
Whose soul, entire by him she loves possest,
Feels every vanity in fondness lost,
And asks no power but that of pleasing most:
Her's is the bliss in just return to prove
The honest warmth of undissembled love;
For her inconstant man might cease to range,
And gratitude forbid desire to change.

But lest harsh care the lover's peace destroy,
And roughly blight the tender buds of joy,
Let reason teach what passion fain would hide,
That Hymen's bands by Prudence should be
tied.

Venus in vain the wedded pair would crown,
If angry fortune on their union frown;
Soon will the flattering dream of bliss be o'er,
And cloy'd imagination cheat no more:
Then, waking to the sense of lasting pain,
With mutual tears the nuptial couch they stain
And that fond love, which should afford relief,

Does but increase the anguish of their grief,
While both could easier their own sorrows bear
Than the sad knowledge of each other's care.

From kind concern about his weal or wo
Let each domestic duty seem to flow.
The household sceptre if he bids you bear
Make it your pride his servant to appear:
Endearing thus the common acts of life
The mistress still shall unobserv'd come on
Before his eyes perceives one beauty gone;

Ev'n in the happiest choice, where fav'ring Ev'n o'er your cold, your ever-sacred, urn,

heaven

Has equal love and easy fortune given,
Think not, the husband gain'd, that all is done,
The prize of happiness must still be won;
And oft, the careless find it to their cost,
The lover in the husband may be lost:
The Graces might alone his heart allure;
They and the Virtues meeting must secure.
Let ev'n your prudence wear the pleasing
dress

Of care for him and anxious tenderness.

His constant flame shall unextinguish'd burn.

Thus I, Belinda! would your charms improve,
And form your heart to all the arts of love:
The task were harder to secure my own
Against the power of those already known,
For well you twist the secret chains that bind
With gentle force the captivated mind,
Skill'd ev'ry soft attraction to employ,
Each flatt'ring hope and each alluring joy
I own your genius, and from you receive
The rules of pleasing which to you I give.

Johnson.

Samuel Johnson, einer der berühmtesten englischen Kritiker, ward am 7. September 1709 in Litchfield, wo sein Vater als Buchhändler lebte, geboren, erhielt eine wissenschaftliche Bildung und studirte zu Oxford, das er aber wieder verlassen musste (1731) weil seine Mittel nicht ausreichten. Er wurde nun Hülfslehrer an einer Erziehungsanstalt und gründete dann selbst ein solches Institut, jedoch ohne Erfolg, so dass er es wieder aufgab und nach London ging, wo er sich in fast allen Gattungen der Literatur auf das Glänzendste auszeichnete und nicht geringen Einfluss auf die Geschmacksrichtung seiner Zeit ausübte. Er starb daselbst am 13. December 1784 und wurde in der Westminster-Abtei begraben.

Unter allen seinen bedeutenden Leistungen sind die poetischen diejenigen, welche am Wenigsten seinem Namen Glanz erwarben. Er war zu sehr Kritiker um Dichter zu sein; seine Verse sind correct und fliessend, aber kalt, und selbst sein Trauerspiel Irene ist nur ein Werk des Verstandes, zu welchem die Muse blos die Form lieh.

Prologue, spoken by Mr. Garrick, at Existence saw him spurn her bounded reign, the opening of the Theatre - Royal, Drury-Lane, 1747.

When Learning's triumph o'er her barb'rous
foes

First rear'd the stage, immortal Shakspeare rose;
Each change of many-colour'd live he drew,
Exhausted worlds, and then imagin'd new:

And panting Time toil'd after him in vain.
His pow'rful strokes presiding Truth impress'd,
And unresisted Passion storm'd the breast.

Then Jonson came, instructed from the school,
To please in method, and invent by rule;
His studious patience and laborious art,
By regular approach assail'd the heart:
Cold Approbation gave the ling'ring bays

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Nor wish'd for Jonson's art, or Shakspeare's flame.

Themselves they studied; as they felt they writ
Intrigue was plot, obscenity was wit.
Vice always found a sympathetic friend;
They pleas'd their age, and did not aim to mend.
Yet bards like these aspir'd to lasting praise,
And proudly hop'd to pimp in future days.
Their cause was gen'ral, their supports were
strong,

Their slaves were willing, and their reign was long:

Till Shame regain'd the post that Sense betray'd, And Virtue call'd Oblivion to her aid.

Then, crush'd by rules, and weaken'd as refin'd,

For years the pow'r of Tragedy declin'd;
From bard to bard the frigid caution crept,
Till Declamation roar'd whilst Passion slept:
Yet still did Virtue deign the stage to tread,
Philosophy remain'd, though Nature fled.
But forc'd, at length, her ancient reign to quit,
She saw great Faustus lay the ghost of Wit;
Exulting Folly hail'd the joyful day,
And Pantomime and Song confirm'd her sway.

But who the coming changes can presage,
And mark the future periods of the stage?
Perhaps if skill could distant times explore,
New Behns, new Durfeys, yet remain in store;
Perhaps where Lear has rav'd, and Hamlet died,
On flying cars new sorcerers may ride:
Perhaps (for who can guess th' effects of chance?)
Here Hunt may box, or Mahomet may dance.
Hard is his lot that, here by Fortune plac'd,
Must watch the wild vicissitudes of taste;
With every meteor of caprice must play,
And chase the new-blown bubbles of the day.
Ah! let not Censure term our fate our choice,
The stage but echoes back the public voice;
The drama's laws, the drama's patrons give,
For we that live to please, must please to live.
Then prompt no more the folltes you decry,
As tyrants doom their tools of guilt to die;
'Tis yours, this night, to bid the reign commence
Of rescued Nature and reviving Sense,

To chase the charms of sound, the pomp of show, For useful mirth and salutary woe;

Bid scenic Virtue from the rising age;

And Truth diffuse her radiance from the stage.

On the Death of Mr. Robert Levet, a Practiser in Physic.

Condemn'd to Hope's delusive mine,

As on we toil from day to day, By sudden blasts, or slow decline, Our social comforts drop away.

Well tried through many a varying year, See Levet to the grave descend, Officious, innocent, sincere,

Of ev'ry friendless name the friend.

Yet still he fills affection's eye, Obscurely wise, and coarsely kind; Nor, letter'd Arrogance, deny

Thy praise to merit unrefin'd.

When fainting nature call'd for aid,
And hov'ring death prepar'd the blow,
His vig'rous remedy display'd

The pow'r of art without the show.

In Misery's darkest cavern known,
His useful care was ever nigh,
Where hopeless Anguish pour'd his groan
And lonely Want retir'd to die.

No summons mock'd by chill delay, No petty gain disdain'd by pride, The modest wants of ev'ry day

The toil of ev'ry day supplied.

His virtues walk'd their narrow round, Nor made a pause, nor left a void; And sure th' Eternal Master found The single talent well employ'd.

The busy day the peaceful night,
Unfelt, uncounted, glided by;
His frame was firm- his powers were bright,
Though now his eightieth year was nigh.

Then with no fiery throbbing pain,

No cold gradations of decay, Death broke at once the vital chain,

And freed his soul the nearest way.

Extracts

from the Vanity of human Wishes. "Enlarge my life with multitude of days!" In health, in sickness, thus the suppliant prays: Hides from himself his state, and shuns to know

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