view of Mount Olympus not possible until Soleduck-Hoh divide is reached, about 11 miles by trail from Sol Duc Hotel.

Another route, and the most practicable in case a trip through the monument from north to south is desired, is by way of Port Angeles and the Elwha and Queniult, coming out by way of Queniult Lake and Hoquiam. From Port Angeles to the Elwha River bridge on the Lake Crescent road is a little under 11 miles, the morning stage reaching that point about 9.30 a. m. Horse or foot travel must then be resorted to over a mountain trail of more than ordinary steep pitches, exasperating ups and downs, and, on the Queniult side, some very narrow and rather dangerous grades for a total through distance to Queniult Lake of about 70 miles. A side trip to the ElwhaQueets divide at the base of Mount Olympus would add 12 miles more. Other trail routes approach close to portions of the monument, but do not lead through or into the highest and most scenic interior, such travel being possible only on foot and by merely picking one's way along rough snowcapped ridges or through creek bottoms, along elk trails, etc. The two best trails from the east, or Hoods Canal, side are up the Dosewallips River and the North Fork of Skokomish River. The Dosewallips route is accessible from Seattle as follows: Take steamship Potlatch from Seattle at 9 a. m., reaching Brinnon about 2 p. m. A wagon road extends up the Dosewallips River 7 miles from Brinnon, and quite satisfactory horse trail continues to Sulphur Springs, 13 miles farther, which lands one within 5 or 6 miles of the monument boundary. Travel beyond that point is only possible on foot and with considerable personal exertion and rough going. At least 30 miles of very rough travel would be necessary to reach Mount Olympus, the highest point, 8,200 feet.

The North Fork Skokomish route may be reached from Seattle as follows: Take steamship Potlatch from Seattle at 9 a. m., arriving at Hoodsport about 4.30 p. m. Automobile stage to Lake Cushman, 9 miles, same evening. A fair horse trail from the hotels at that point reaches the head of the river a few miles inside the monument boundary, a distance of nearly 20 miles, from which point an excellent view may be had of the Mount Anderson country. Cross-country travel to Mount Olympus is, however, impossible from this point, excepting on foot and with unusually careful and tedious mountain climbing.

The only feasible route from the west side is up the Hoh River over a horse trail, which is quite satisfactory in dry weather, extending 40 miles from the settlement of Forks. Forks is reached by automobile road from Port Angeles and from Clallam Bay, being about 62 miles from the former and about 30 from the latter. The horse trail on the upper Hoh ends at 4 or 5 miles inside the monument and perhaps 10 miles by a rough and somewhat dangerous foot travel route from the top of Mount Olympus.

BIG HOLE BATTLE FIELD MONUMENT.

This monument, which is under jurisdiction of the War Department, was created by presidential proclamation of June 23, 1910, by which 5 acres of unsurveyed land, embracing the monument, in Beaverhead County, Mont., was reserved for military purposes for use in protecting same. It commemorates a battle fought on Au

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gust 9, 1877, between a small force of United States troops and a much larger number of Nez Perce Indians, which ended in complete rout of the Indians. The nearest settlement to the monument is the town of Gibbons, Beaverhead County, Mont., which is reached by stage via Wisdom from Divide, Mont., a distance of about 45 miles. Divide is a station on the Oregon Short Line Railroad, some 25 miles south of Butte, Mont.

CABRILLO NATIONAL MONUMENT.

The Cabrillo National Monument was created October 14, 1913, at Point Loma, of a small tract of land containing 21,910 square feet which lies within the military reservation at Fort Rosecrans, Cal., the same being of historic interest because of the discovery of the territory now partly embraced in the State of California, by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, who at this point first sighted land on September 28, 1542.

BIRD RESERVES.

All of the bird reserves have been created through reference from the Interior Department to the President of forms of Executive orders providing therefor. These reserves are regarded as in all essential particulars reservations of public lands for public use or other purposes, for which there are numerous precedents. The first specific act of Congress providing for the protection of birds by bird reserves created by Executive order was introduced by Hon. John F. Lacy, of Iowa, and became a law on June 28, 1906. (34 Stat., 536.) This act makes it unlawful to kill birds, to take their eggs, or to willfully disturb birds upon the reservations, and it provides a fine of not exceeding $500 or imprisonment for not exceeding six months, or both fine and imprisonment, for each conviction secured. This law was substantially reenacted in the new penal code approved March 4, 1909 (35 Stat., 1104), in the following language:

SEC. 84. Whoever shall hunt, capture, willfully disturb, or kill any bird of any kind whatever, or take the eggs of any such bird, on any lands of the United States which have been set apart or reserved as breeding grounds for birds by any law, proclamation, or Executive order, except under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of Agriculture may from time to time prescribe, shall be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned not more than six months, or both.

The reservations now existing are 70 in number, of which 68 are being administered under the direction of the Biological Survey, Department of Agriculture. The Pribilof Reservation in Alaska is administered by the Bureau of Fisheries of the Department of Commerce and the Canal Zone Reservation, Panama, by the Isthmian Canal Commission.

As appears from this list, these reservations are scattered between Alaska and Porto Rico. After careful consideration, based upon representations made by this department, the Isthmian Canal Commission secured an Executive order for the protection of the native birds within the zone, which in its punitive features conforms to section 84 of the United States Penal Code. Jurisdiction over the Canal Zone Reservation is, however, retained by the Isthmian Canal Commission instead of being placed with the Department of Agriculture, as is the case in other Government bird reserves.

The Niobrara Reservation, Nebr., which was created by Executive order dated January 11, 1912, has been enlarged by a second order, dated November 14, 1912, so as to include within its boundaries about 614 acres, covering the old parade ground of the Fort Niobrara Military Reservation, including a spring of fresh running water and some of the military buildings and barracks which could be used for stables and for residence purposes by a custodian. This additional tract has been fenced and small herds of buffalo, elk, and deer, donated by J. W. Gilbert, a citizen of Nebraska, have been permanently domiciled therein, and it is believed that the climate and natural environment will insure the healthful and rapid increase of all of these most valuable of the larger native mammals.

Active administrative work by the Agricultural Department upon all of the reserves within its jurisdiction, which in the past have been in serious need of efficient warden service, has been most satisfactory.

APPENDIX.

[PUBLIC NO. 209.]

An Act For the preservation of American antiquities.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That any person who shall appropriate, excavate, injure, or destroy any historic or prehistoric ruin or monument, or any object of antiquity, situated on lands owned or controlled by the Government of the United States, without the permission of the Secretary of the department of the Government having jurisdiction over the lands on which said antiquities are situated, shall, upon conviction, be fined in a sum of not more than five hundred dollars or be imprisoned for a period of not more than ninety days, or shall suffer both fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court.

SEC. 2. That the President of the United States is hereby authorized, in his discretion, to declare by public proclamation historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest that are situated upon the lands owned or controlled by the Government of the United States to be national monuments, and may reserve as a part thereof parcels of land, the limits of which in all cases shall be confined to the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected: Provided, That when such objects are situated upon a tract covered by a bona fide unperfected claim or held in private ownership, the tracts, or so much thereof as may be necessary for the proper care and management of the object, may be relinquished to the Government, and the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to accept the relinquishment of such tracts in behalf of the Government of the United States.

SEC. 3. That permits for the examination of ruins, the excavation of archæological sites, and the gathering of objects of antiquity upon the lands under their respective jurisdictions may be granted by the Secretaries of the Interior, Agriculture, and War to institutions which they may deem properly qualified to conduct such examination, excavation, or gathering, subject to such rules and regulations as they may prescribe: Provided, That the examinations, excavations, and gatherings are undertaken for the benefit of reputable museums, universities, colleges, or other recognized scientific or educationaĺ institutions, with a view to increasing the knowledge of such objects, and that the gatherings shall be made for permanent preservation in public museums.

SEC. 4. That the Secretaries of the departments aforesaid shall make and publish from time to time uniform rules and regulations for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act.

Approved, June 8, 1906.