[THE REV. J. WILLCOCK also thanked for reply.]
DRYDEN'S ALEXANDER'S FEAST: Two
READINGS 10 S. viii. 346).-In the "Globe
Edition "the first passage quoted reads :—
A dragon's fiery form belied the god :
Sublime on radiant spires he rode,
When he to fair Olympia pressed:
And while he sought her snowy breast,
Then round her slender wrist he curled.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.
Neolithic Dew-Ponds and Cattle-Ways. By Arthur
John Hubbard and George Hubbard. Second
Edition. (Longmans & Co.)

WE gladly welcome a second edition of this small
but important book. The authors, it is evident, have
since the appearance of the first edition given
further attention to the subject. Though their
opinions remain as before, their work is an improve-
ment in several respects. Poundbury Camp-the
cattle station, as the authors hold, of the great
encampment known by the name of Maiden Castle
-was an important earthwork which hitherto had
not had the time and thought devoted to it that it
well deserved. Now justice has been done both by
careful description and the needful illustrative
engravings. The writers think that it is a cattle-
pen constructed to protect the sheep from the
ravages of the wolves which lurked in the low,
forest-covered ground below. That this was one,
and possibly a chief, reason why the stupendous
labour of making such vast trenches and earthworks
should have been incurred, may be readily conceded;
but it must be remembered that when these pre-
Celtic people, who took such elaborate care to
fortify their dwellings and their stock-enclosures
upon the Downs, landed in this island (if indeed it
was an island in those days), it was not uninhabited
by man. There was, undoubtedly, an earlier race
whom anthropologists have not as yet identified

The second has a comma after each of the with an approach to certainty sufficient to satisfy all first four lines.

C. C. B.

GERMAN ENCYCLOPÆDIA AND DICTIONARY OF PHRASE AND FABLE (10 S. viii. 389).The most complete and up-to-date German encyclopædia (profusely illustrated) is the new sixth edition of Meyer's Grosses Konversations-Lexikon' (still in progress : vols. i.-xvii., A-S, have appeared since 1902 up to the present year).

of us.
They, like all early peoples, were clannish,
and, we may perhaps assume, would have been
as dangerous as the wolves-probably, indeed, more
so, for they, being human, would learn wisdom from
experience far more rapidly than the wolves.

The authors have described the way the sheep
went to refresh themselves at the springs below the
hills. Whether they learnt to find the way for
themselves, or were driven by their masters, seems
as yet uncertain-perhaps we shall never know;
but as to their tracks we have no doubt the authors
are correct. The low-hill springs were not the
There were dew-ponds
only supplies of water.
above-hill also, but in some seasons these cannot
have furnished man and beast with an adequate
supply. We have been much pleased by the de-
scription of the manner in which dew-ponds were

The most comprehensive and best German Dictionary of Phrase and Fable is Wander's Deutsches Sprichwörter-Lexikon,' 5 vols., 1867-80. A shorter and more recent work is F. von Lipperheide's Spruch-Wörter-constructed. If the authors are right-and we see no buch, oder Sammlung deutscher und fremder Sinnsprüche' (Berlin, 1907, pp. 1077). H. KREBS.

CHRISOM, BAPTISMAL ROBE (10 S. viii. 270, 377). The memorandum No cude" frequently appears in connexion with christenings in the parish registers of St. Oswald's, Durham, edited by the Rev. A. W. Headlam, and published at Durham in 1891; e.g., in 1630, 1632, 1633. I know of no explanation of this, unless it be that a chrisom was called a cod " cude,' in the sense of "bag," and that the chrisoms were still as a rule presented. J. T. F. Durham.

66

or

66

reason to question their theory-the makers of such
ponds must have possessed an amount of intelli-
gence and facility in trying experiments which most
persons have not hitherto attributed to the men
who flourished in flint-implement days. Mistakes
must have been made at first, but success was at
length reached, and if we are not mistaken, one
or more of these dew-ponds are in working order at
We have a vague memory of
having heard that traces of similar dew-ponds have
the present time.
been met with on the wolds of Yorkshire. If this
be so, they are worthy of careful examination.

Cattle-tracks are dwelt upon, but not, in our opinion, in a sufficiently exhaustive manner. Much might be learnt if the old roads which were in use before stage coaches came into being were carefully examined. The tortuous condition of so many of them has in all probability arisen from the men of early days following the paths made by

the stock. The latter would wind in and out, not only for the sake of water, but in search of the more succulent herbage also. We ourselves know one road, more than twenty miles in length, which, where its picturesqueness has not found a mortal enemy in Enclosure Commissioners, indicates plainly that it was originally an upland track formed by animals which desired to have an early view of any enemies approaching them from right or left.

represents in the stream of literary evolution an advance on Wordsworth and Tennyson. Mrs. John Lane conjures up brightly the memories of Brighton = and Mr. Joseph Shaylor writes with a pleasant flavour of reminiscence concerning Booksellers' Trade-Dinner Sales,' which are apparently unsuited to the present hustling age.

Mr. Thomas Baker keeps us, as usual, well supplied with divinity. His Catalogue 517 contains the familiar names of Newman, Pusey, and others. There is a nice clean set of "The Library of the Fathers," 1853-85, 107. 10s. The first edition of Cardinal Pole's 'De Concilio Liber,' 1562, is 17. 18.; Hefele's Histoire des Conciles,' 12 vols., 6/. 6s.: Morland's Evangelical Churches of Piedmont. folio, 1658, 4. 48.; and Helyot's 'Ordres Religieux," 8 vols., 4to, 1714, 47. 10s.

BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES.-DECEMBER The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela. Edited by M. N. Adler. (Frowde.) DECEMBER is always a busy month with our THE protracted journey taken by the Jew Benjamin friends the old booksellers, and from the number of Tudela in the land of Sepharad (Spain) between of catalogues still pouring in upon us it seems to the years 1166 and 1171 has been known hitherto to promise to be exceptionally so this year. Of special general readers from being included in the collec-interest to our readers will be the catalogue of the tion of Early Travels in Palestine' published by books of Joseph Knight. Thomas Wright in 1848, and to specialists from the elaborate edition published by A. Asher in 1840-41. Mr. Adler now prints a critical text of the Hebrew MS. preserved in the British Museum, with careful collations and seven facsimiles, and a map of the Rabbi's wanderings. To this he appends a new translation and a commentary of exegetical notes. It has been a question what motive Benjamin could have had for undertaking such extensive travels through a great part of Europe, Asia, and Africa as known at that time. Mr. Adler conjectures that the object he had in view was to find out likely places where his compatriots might seek a refuge when driven by persecution from Western Europe. He certainly was careful to note the towns where Jews had already effected a settlement, and records their numbers. He probably had an eye to business at the same time he would have been no Jew if he had not-and commercial transactions never fail to interest him. Mr. Adler's is a very learned and complete edition of a Jewish classic.

The Cornhill for December has an admirable little poem by Mr. Austin Dobson, "The Last Proof,' describing the feelings of any author when he has finished correcting his book for the press. Mr. Frederic Harrison talks about The Alps Once More' in two letters; and Mr. H. W. Lucy has some interesting views concerning the United States and its politics. Mr. Walter Frith gives the substance of a conversation with his father, aged 89; and Mr. A. C. Benson deals with Specialism, revealing, as usual, his own bent of mind, but dealing usefully with the question of amateur speculation in theology and morals.

The Nineteenth Century opens with Modernism and the Papal Encyclical,' by Monsignor Moyes, a defence of the latter which we cannot regard as satisfactory. Sir Alfred Wills deals sensibly with 'Criminals and Crime,' and Mr. St. Clair Baddeley, in Esculapius and his Heirs in Christian Rome,' with some of the medical art of which the Forum Sir Herbert Maxwell preserves traces or hints. dwells on the past of the 'Pantheon' in Oxford Street; Mr. E. B. Chancellor on The Squares and Open Spaces of London'; and Mr. Watts-Dunton on 'Dickens and Father Christmas.' The last is a very interesting article, showing that Dickens became a "myth of the people." Incidentally Mr. Watts-Dunton includes a good deal of penetrating literary criticism in his survey of the peculiar

qualities of Dickens's Christmas books.

Is The Fortnightly Mr. Laurie Magnus deals with the importance of George Meredith as a poet who

Under

his Catalogue 18 books relating to Kent.
Mr. P. M. Barnard, of Tunbridge Wells, has in
Rochester are Thorpe's 'Registrum Roffense,' folio,
1769, 21. 2s. ; and his 'Custumale Roffense,' folio,
1788, a fine copy, 61. 6s. Although the latter forms
a supplement to the former, it is complete in itself.
It is rarely met with, as a great part was lost by
fire in 1808. There are a number of Tracts, historical
and general, ranging from Charles I. to Victoria
inclusive. A curious one is "A New Invention, or
a Paire of Cristall Spectacles, by helpe whereof
may be read so small a print that what twenty
sheetes of paper will hardly containe shall be
discover'd in one, &c.

These glasses in indifferent lights

Serve old and yong, and middle sights," 4to, June 7, 1644, 45. The Victorian pamphlets include the Gwilts' Project for a National Gallery on the Site of Trafalgar Square,' 1838, 2s. 6d. ; and Corinthian Order, two hundred and fourteen feet a 'Description of a Great Rostral Column of the high, cast in iron, with the base, capital, and statue in yellow bronze, to be erected in Trafalgar Square to the memory of Nelson,' 18. Under Chartists is a broadside of the People's Charter. Works relating to America include Sir Walter Raleigh's The Discoverie of the Large, Rich, and Bewtiful Empyre of Guiana,' London, 1596, 28/.; Acts passed at the first three Congresses, 1789-93, 3 vols., from the Sussex Collection, 5.; and Mather's Account of the Trials of the New England Witches. To which is added, Cases of Conscience concerning Witchcrafts and Evil Spirits personating Men," London, I. Denton, at the Raven in the Poultry, 1693, 18ĺ. 15s.

devoted to the last portion of the library of our late Mr. Francis Edwards has issued a catalogue beloved friend and editor, Joseph Knight, of which he was the purchaser. Knight had, as is well known, originally a most extensive and choice collection, every room in his house being crowded with books; and finally he had to break through his wall into the house next door to secure yet another room for his treasures. In his love for the

Mr. James Miles, of Leeds, has in his List 142 a fine set of Alison's 'Europe,' 20 vols., 3. 38.; the two series of Macgillivray's Birds,' 51. 58.; BookPrices Current,' 1887-98, 97. 98.; Burton's "Arabian Nights,' Benares, 29.; The Century Dictionary,' 8 vols., 67. 10s. ; and a complete set of all the volumes The yet issued by The Chetham Society, 221. scarce first edition of Crabb Robinson's Diary,' 1869, is 27. 10s. Under Dickens is the "Household: Edition," now out of print, including 'Life,' 21.2s. A set of Hallam, 9 vols., calf, Library Edition is 4/. 48.; Harleian Society, 1869-1902, 50 vols., cloth, 257.; a rare and early edition of La Fontaine, Amsterdam, 1764, 31. 38.; and an original copy of Lodge's. cata-Portraits, 1835, 31. 3s. There is a handsome set of Macaulay's Essays,' 4 vols., bound in tree calf, 17. 18. Foster's 'Miniature Painters,' 2 vols., folio, Edition de Luxe, only 175 copies, 1903, is 71. 15s. ;. and his British Miniature Painters, large paper, 4. 48. 'Don Quixote,' translated by Phillips, first edition of this translation, 1687, is 37. 178. 6d. Stephens's 'Old Northern Runic Monuments, 4 vols., 4. 48.; Howard and Crisp's Visitations of England and Wales,' 22 vols., 147.; and Zola's Novels, Vizetelly's editions, 12 vols., 37. 10s. Under Yorkshire are Clarkson's Richmond,' 47. 10s.; and the Rev. Patrick Brontë's 'Cottage Poems,' original boards, uncut, "Halifax, printed and sold by P. K. Holden for the Author," first edition, 1811, 17. 108. There is a list of special Yorkshire bargains.

66

is

'Dauphin Edition," 1789, is 51. 58.; and a choice copy of Tasso, Didot, 1785-6, 8. 88. Under Orchids Lindenia: Iconographie des Orchidées,' very scarce, 1885-1903, 267. 10s. Other works are Baldwyn's Hudibras,' 1819, 37. 10s.; Baker's Biographia Dramatica,' extra-illustrated, 1812, 4. 58.; Granger's 'England,' extra-illustrated, 1804-6, 81. 88.; and Plimer's Miniatures,' 31. 38. Under Morland is a coloured aquatint, 'Evening,' 81. 8s.

Mr. H. Seers's Catalogue 84 contains the following London Catalogue of Books': 1810-31, 8. 6. ; 1831-55, 8s. 6d. ; 1816-51, 88. 6d. ; also Low's 'British Catalogue,' Vol. I., 1837-52, 108. Under Calves Head Club is its 'Secret History,' 1706, 3s.; and under Old English Laws, 'A Kalendar of Statutes, black-letter, 1612, 17. 2s. 6d. Rubens's Life and Works,' by Max Rooses, is 27. 10s. There are some books and views of old Norwich, and an engraving by Toms of old London Bridge.

1795, 257.

Messrs. Myers & Co.'s Catalogue 124 contains a set of " English Poets," 122 vols., half morocco, Messrs. Henry Sotheran & Co.'s Price Current 677 Boston, U.S., 1865-6, 227. 10s.; first edition of Fitz- opens with a continuation of their collection c patrick's Life of Lever, extra-illustrated, 97. 10s.; works on Botany, Cryptogamia, Microscopy. This and the rare first edition of Massinger's The portion includes that very scarce work Cooke's Emperour of the East,' 1632, 8. 158. Under Illustrations of British Fungi,' 8 vols, 1881-91, 21: Matthew Arnold is the Edition de Luxe, 15 vols., the Journals of the Microscopical Society complete. 51. Burgmair's Le Triomphe de l'Empereur 48 vols. and four parts, 14/.; and Turner's Herbal Maximilian I.,' 1796, is 14.; Froude's 'England,' the three parts, rare, 1568-61, 147. 14s. A fine com Library Edition, 12 vols., 5. 10s; first edition of plete set of the Palæontographical Society's pub Lever's Horace Templeton,' 2. 15.; Tony lications, 56 vols, 4to, is 31. 10s. Of course the list Butler,' 21. 178. 6d.; and Sir Brook Fosbrooke,' would not be complete without Gould's 'Humming 27. 178. 6d., all in the original cloth, and Landor's Birds,' of which there is a choice copy to be had for Imaginary Conversations,' 5 vols., 1826, 37. 78. 6d. 62. The remaining (and by far the larger) portion Under Nelson is Clarke and McArthur's 'Life,' of this Price Current is devoted to Architecture 2 vols., imperial 4to, red morocco, 1809, 31. 12s. 6d. and British Topography. A fine copy of Buck's Loosely inserted is an original copy of The Times Antiquities' is priced 757.; Lipscomb's Buckingwith an account of the funeral. Under Ruskin is hamshire,' 17. 17s.; and an extra-illustrated copy the new Edition de Luxe, 30 vols., royal 8vo, half- of Camden's Britannia,' 50. (the additional plates calf extra by Rivière, top edges gilt, uncut, 31.; and maps exceed 6.000). The works on Cornwall and under Scott the scarce large-paper "Border include Sir Robert Peel's copy of Polwhele's HisEdition," 48 vols., 14. 178. 6d. Among extra- tory,' 81. Under Durham is Surtees's History,' illustrated works is Timbs's English Eccentrics,' 27. 10s. Essex includes Morant, 11/. 11s.; Hert2 vols., morocco, 8/. 178. 6d. fordshire, Clutterbuck, 117. 118., and Cussans, 67. 10 Messrs. Pitcher & Co. send from Manchester Under Kent is a fine tall copy of Hasted, 27%. 10-, their Catalogue 152, containing the Lives of There is a choice set on large paper of Lysons's Alchemystical Philosophers,' with a catalogue of Magna Britannia,' further illustrated with over books in occult chemistry, 1815, 61. 6s.; The Alpine 150 beautiful plates, 52. 10s. Ireland includes a Journal, 1864-7, very scarce, 51. 58.; an extra-fine coloured copy of Malton's Dublin,' very rare, illustrated copy of Miss Berry's 'Journals,' edited by Lady Theresa Lewis, 3 vols., 67. 108.; Bingham's "Marriages of the Bourbons, 2 vols., purple morocco, 67. 16s. 6d. Campbell's Theodoric,' extra-illustrated, 1824, 17. 10.; Jane Carlyle's Letters, 3 vols., calf gilt, by Rivière, 21. 28.; and a set of The Chemical Industry Journal, 1882-1904, 187. There are the following books on church bells: Cocks's Buckinghamshire,' 4to, 15s.; Owen's Huntingdonshire,' 12s.; and Raven's 'Suffolk,' 158. Cruikshank items include 'Punch and Judy,' with the coloured plates, only a few so issued, 1828, 47. 15s. Dickens entries comprise Sketches of Young Couples,' original boards, 1840, 27.; The Christmas Books, all first editions, 5 vols., 3. 38.; and 'Master Humphrey's Clock,' 3 vols., complete in 20 monthly parts with wrappers and advertisements, 41. Other items are Pearson's reprint of Mrs. Aphra Behn's plays, histories, and novels, complete, 6 vols., 31. 188.; and Ecce Homo,' by G. Houston, 1813, 10s. For writing the latter the author was sentenced to two years' imprisonment and to pay a fine of 2007. Dr. Inman states that such of the impressions as could be collected were burnt in St. George's Fields by the common hangman. Freeman's Norman Conquest,' Library Edition, 6 vols., is 7. ; first editions of the Greville Journals,' 8 vols., scarce, 71. 78.; Inman's Works, 31. 10s.; and Pennant's Works, 10 vols. in 9, 5. The county histories include Earwaker's East Cheshire,' Ormerod's Cheshire, Atkyns's Gloucestershire,' Baines's Lancashire,' Drake's City of York,' and Whitaker's 'Leeds' and Richmondshire.'

Mr. Albert Sutton, of Manchester, has in his Catalogue 156, a very fine copy of Florio's Italian and English Dictionary, with portrait, folio, 1611, 67. 68.; the Library Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher, 14 vols., Edinburgh, 1812, 5.; The Memoires of Count Grammont,' 1811, 37. 3s.; first edition of Kingsley's Hypatia,' Westward Ho and Two Years Ago,' 8 vols., 21. 28.; Sir John Suckling's Fragmenta Aurea,' 1648, 5.; and Collins's Australasia,' 2 vols., 4to, boards, 1798 1802, 4. (the first official account of the then newly founded colony). Under Carlyle is the first edition of 'Chartism,' with "From the Author" in the writing of Mrs. Carlyle, 1840, 17. 10s.; The Old Bailey Chronicle, 1700 to 1783,' 4 vols., is 37. 10s.

Catalogue (12) of works of general interest.
Mr. D. S. Wrycroft, of St. Neots, has a Short

Notices to Correspondents.

COL. FISHWICK ("Pricking for Pictures").-See under 'Pinaseed,' 8 S. x. 212, 320, 402; xi. 36, 377. C. C. B.-Anticipated ante p. 434.

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