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ertheless, in many verbs nearly equivalent to Hiphil, even when Hiphil itself is used, especially to make intransitive forms in Kal tran

-to per אָבַד ; to make heavy הַקְטָה and קְשָׁה,to be heavy קָשָׁה sitive, as to bring הִקְרִיב and קֶרֶב,to be near קָרַב ; to destroy הָאֲבִיד and אָבֵּד ,ish to raise up. (4) In הֵקִים and (קוֹמֵם קִיָּם ,to stand up קוּם ; near

to נִבֵּר ,to know נָבַר ; to remove stones סְקֵל ,to stone סָקַל meaning, as

some few cases it has, in respect to Kal, a privative or opposite

misapprehend; ‡ to sin, to expiate sin; Hiph. ¬¬n to take root, to eradicate. (5) When Piel, as is often the case, is derived from a nominal root, it usually indicates, according to its intensive nature, an active working, a busying of one's self about the thing implied in the root, as to perform the priest's office, from

; three שלש to do something on the third day, from שְׁפָּט ; a priest כֹּהֵן

דָּשֶׁן to reduce to ashes, or to remove the ashes, Num. 4. 13, from דִּשֵׁן

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1. PRETERITE. Deviations from the regular form may for the most part be resolved into the legitimate effect of the Guttural let

ters and of Maqqeph upon the accompanying vowels (§ 25. 16). As but few of them require explanation, they may all be presented at one view.

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2. INFINITIVE. The two forms differ only in their final vowels. With paragogic, a form of pretty frequent occurrence, the final e

צדֶק for צַדְקָה ; זַמֵר for זַמְּרָה often falls away, as

Anomalies.

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Gen. 13. 10 (Dagesh implied).
72 Sam. 12. 14 (retains charac. of Preter).
Yn Lev. 14. 4.

177 Is. 58. 9 (on account of Maqqeph).

(id.)

3. FUTURE. Formed from the Inf. const. by prefixing the personal preformatives with their original Sheva, which is retained because the first radical has a vowel of its own; Inf. const. p, Fut. 3. The main peculiarity is its taking è instead of ẽ before Maqqeph, as 77.

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3 Gen. 8. 10. (contr. from 37, tone retracted).

Ps. 63. 9. (Dagesh omitted in second radical, § 9. 7).

Anomalies.

.(אסערם Zech. 7. 14. (Syriasm for אסערם .( Judg. 21. (apocope of וַיְצַוּךְ for וַיְצַךְ

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77777771 Kings 12. (id.)

4. IMPERATIVE. The retraction of the tone gives, like the Inf.,

We also .דַבֵּר נָא for דַּבֶּר־נָא קַדָּשׁ לִי instead of קַדֶשׁ־לִי sueh forms as

meet with final Pattah instead of Tseri, especially before Gutturals and Resh; as

.10 .55 .Ps פלג for פלג .11 .27 .Prov שמח for שמח

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Job 36. 32.

Gen. 19. 22. (Dag. uncompens.)

2 Kings 8. 4. ( paragogic).

Hab. 2. 2. (, on account of Gut. following).

5. PARTICIPLE. Of the origin of the preformative, see § 36. 3. b. This in some few cases is omitted, as will appear from the following

Anomalies.

. (מְשָׁרֶפֶת Kings 1. 5. (contr. from 1 מְשָׁרֶת .2 .4 .Ecc מְשַׁבֵּחַ for שַׁבֵּחַ

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Job 35. 11.

Prov. 28. 14. (Dag. comp. omit.)

PRAXIS ON PIEL.

I will utterly destroy1. Ye shall teach2. He shall diligently oversee3. He hath pronounced unclean1. They have utterly broken or shivered5. Thou hast taken away or removed the ashes". They shall diligently remember". Carefully sanctify to me. To expiate. To bury with care1o.

§ 43. PUAL.

1. Formation. Pual is primarily passive of Piel, and therefore distinguished by the passive vowel u (:) under the first radical, and by ă instead of è under the second, retaining the characteristic Dagesh, as to be violently killed, to be murdered. The peculiarities

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that mark the Gutturals and Quiescents give rise, as usual, to a va

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2. Signification. This is with scarcely an exception the simple passive of Piel, as Pi. to break violently, Pu. a to be violently broken. It occurs in a very few instances where Piel is wanting, in which case it is usually taken as passive of Kal; as Kalp to take, Pu. p to be taken; the Piel form 3 being never met with.

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REMARKS.

1. PRETERITE. There are but few variations from the regular form. The following however occur, in the first of which contrary to analogy takes Dagesh.

Anomalies.

.4 .16 .Ezek כְּרַת for כָּרַת .7 .3 .Nah שְׁדְרָה for שָׁדְדָה

"Gen. 44. 24.

Num. 15. 34.

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.23 .2 .Gen לִקְחָה

.2 .73 .Ps שְׁפְכוּ

.15 .21 .Ezek מְרְטָה

33 Ps. 78. 63. (in pau.)

2. FUTURE. The Future is formed, as in Piel, by prefixing the

personal pronouns with Sheva, as

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3. PARTICIPLE. This sometimes, like Piel, omits ; as 3 for

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Eccl. 9. 12. Other anomalous forms are the following: for Nah. 2. 3; Ps. 113. 4; 7 Is. 52. 5.

PRAXIS ON PUAL.

I was surreptitiously stolen away'. He shall be diligently taught. He was taken3. Ye Thou shalt be torn in pieces. which is spoken". Made reds. oppressed10

(fem.) shall be highly praised*. They shall be blessed. That Diligently taught. Grievously

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1. Formation. The grand characteristic of Hiphil, and that which constitutes the true power of the form, is the prefixed by means of short i; Yod with long i being inserted between the two last radicals, asp. The Yod, however, is not so essential but that it falls away in the flexion of the Preter, leaving Pattah in its

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