2. IMPERATIVE. Twice only we find an imperative in Hophal, viz. Ezek. 32. 19;

Jer. 49. 8.

3. PARTICIPLE. The characteristic of the conjugation in one instance remains after the preformative; viz. nip for

הַמַּבְדָּלוֹת for הַמִּבְדָּלוֹת Ezek. 46. 22. In one case we have ,מִקְדָּעוֹת

Jos. 16. 6.

PRAXIS ON HOPHAL.

T: T

He was made king1. Thou (fem.) shalt be taken2. Thou art cast out3. They shall be laid1. She is to be visited5. Incense shall be offered. Twisted". Made to preside over. Corrupted". Made to cleave10.

§ 49. HITHPAEL.

Formation. The distinguishing characteristic of Hithpael is the syllable prefixed to the infinitive of Piel, as Pi. p,

-The force of this pre .הִתְקוֹמֵם קומם ; הִתְבָּרֵךְ בָּרֵךְ ; הִתְקַטֵל .Hithp

fix is reflexive, but the form is distinguished from Niphal by having a far stronger reflexive power, and by its involving the active instead of the passive sense of the root; so that it is properly a reflexive intensive form. The regular form, however, undergoes some remarkable changes in consequence of the affections to which the prefix is subject by virtue of the laws of euphony stated § 24. 5. They are the following:

(1.) When the first radical is a sibilant (§ 4. 2. d.) the ǹ of the preformative changes places with it, as

In the latter case () the ♬ is changed into its cognate . This,

however, very seldom occurs.

(2.) Before a cognate letter the ʼn is usually assimilated, as

1

(3.) The same usage is occasionally extended to some other

(4.) The principal forms assumed by Hithpael are therefore as

2. Signification. The primary signification of Hithpael as above intimated is reflexive, particularly of Piel, as Pi. to sanc tify, Hithp. p to sanctify one's self; Pi. to cover or atone for sin, Hithp. E to make atonement for one's self. The form has properly greater power than Niphal, even where in other respects it agrees with it; as Dp to revenge one's self, pan to revenge one's self with ardor, to be revengeful, Ps. 8. 3; to raise one's self, to raise one's self proudly, 1 Kings 1. 5. It is sometimes used also in a reciprocal sense, to continue looking at one another, to linger, Gen. 42. 1; bût more frequently in verbs of mental emotion, and with more emphasis than Niphal, as n to be indignant, a to lament bitterly. When derived from an intransitive Kal it expresses like Piel, zealous spontaneity, as by to fall, to prostrate one's self continually or earnestly, Deut. 9. 18; to be loved, to make one's self dearly loved, or to try to make one's self loved, 1 Sam. 29. 4; thus too from 137 to be merciful, to try to make another merciful to one, i. e. to implore mercy, to supplicate. It also imports the making, showing, or feigning one's self to be or to do that which the verb in its ground-form signifies, as to be sick, nbn to feign one's self sick; to be

rich, ¬ great,

to pretend to be rich, to act the rich man; to be to carry one's self haughtily.

2. As Niphal reflexive stands properly without an object, so does Hithpael. In two cases only does it show the appearance of subordinating an object to itself; (1) Where the language retains in some reflexive verbs a possible active modification of the idea, as to make one's self cunning, hence to cheat one, Gen. 37. 18; in to be deeply attentive, to observe, used poetically with an object, Ps. 119. 95, I will deeply consider (i) thy testimonies. (2) Where the idea is that of a mediate reflexion of the action upon the agent, equivalent to the middle voice in Greek; as to in. herit (something) for one's self, to take possession of, Num. 33. 54. Is. 52. 2; - they stripped themselves of the rings, Ex. 32. 3. Comp. other examples, Is. 14. 2, Josh. 18. 5, Lev. 25. 46.

3. Hithpael, like Niphal, occasionally, though very rarely, assumes a merely passive signification, as to be observed, Mic. 6. 16; to be forgotten, Eccl. 8. 10, but in this place only;

נִשְׁכַּח usually

4. Where the rarer intensive forms occur in Piel, Hithpael for the most part conforms to them; as i to direct, is to erect one's self, also to be founded; ip to raise, pipan to raise one's self; to shake, pp to move violently. Many verbs, espe cially of the class which repeat the whole root, are developed only in the reflexive form, as to suffer one's self to be delayed; pp to run to and fro among one another; to be enraged, to prostrate one's self, to worship.

and the very frequent

PRETERITE. As there are several variations from the common form which are not to be explained by any general principle, it will be sufficient to class them together under the usual head of

Anomalies.

72 Deut. 29. 19. (, on account of Dag. rejected).

22 Chron. 20. 35, 37. (for an by Chaldaism).

.(Chron. 13. 7. (Pattah instead of Tseri 2 הִתְחַנֵּק

.(הִתְכַּפֶּר .and Hiph נִכְפַּר .Deut. 21. 8. (comp. of Niph נִכַּפָּר .(הִתְדַּשְׁנָה Is. 34. 6. (comp. of Hoph. and Hith. for קְדַּשְׁנָה .(Ezek. 38. 23. (Hireq instead of Pattah הִתְקַדִּשְׁתִּי

8

(Id.)

Ibid.

•AT

.(הִתְנָחַמְתִּי Ezek. 5. 13. (syncope of n for הנחמתי .(borrowed fromn Hoph ,) הִתְפַּקְדוּ Num. 1. 47 for הָתְפַּקְדוּ

Jer. 25. 16. (the Holem derived from Pual).

.(א for י by commut. of) תִּתְאַמְרוּ Is. 61. 6. for תִּתְיַמְרוּ .(u in preform. for i) הִתְכַּבֶּס Lev. 13. 55, 56, for הִכַּבֶּס

Ps. 9. 1. (Kamets instead of Pattah on account of הִתְאַבָּר

pause accent.

.(Gen. 6. 9. (Segol on account of Mak, following הִתְחַלֶּךְ־נה

1 Ps. 12. 9. (with paragogic).

2. INFINITIVE. Scarcely any other irregularity than the inser. tion of Kamets for Pattah on account of Dagesh omitted; as

3. FUTURE. Of the regular form it is unnecessary to speak.

The following are the

Anomalies.

Ps. 119. 52. (Segol instead of Kam. to avoid concur-
rence of Kamets, and Kamets instead of Pattah on
account of pause accent).

NE IS. 49. 3. (Kamets compens. of Dag. omitted).
Ps. 18. 24. (transpos. of and accord. to § 49. 1.)
Ps. 119. 45. (with paragogic ).

Prov. 25. 6. (with final Pat. on account of 7).

2 Sam. 22. 26. (final Kam. on acc. of pause accent.) Dan Ps. 18. 26. (n assimilated and on account of pause,

T

2 Sam. 22. 27. (explanation same as preceding).

.(form entirely anomalous) תִּתְיַצֵב Ex. 2. 4. for וַתַּתַעֵב

3 Num. 33. 54. (final, on account of pause accent, and - to prevent concurrence of Kamets).

4. PARTICIPLE. The Participle follows the analogy of the other parts of the verb in its

Anomalies.

Is. 65. 16. (Kamets instead of Pattah on account of 1; so also with Gut.)

op Lev. 14. 7. (characteristic assimilated).

op 1 Sam. 23. 19. (♫ and □ transposed).

nys Ruth 1. 18. (Segolate form of Part). nping Ex. 9. 24.

(Id.)

PRAXIS ON HITHPAEL.

Ye shall make yourselves to possess1. He made or showed himself strong2. They (fem.) shall assiduously walk3. Ye have sanctified yourselves. They shall show themselves rich3. They feigned themselves, embassadors. They presented themselves to be mustered or reviewed". Thou hast supplicated.