2. The above is the usual form taken by Fut. Kal of these five verbs, in which we find final e instead of o merely for euphony's sake. Occasionally, however, the second radical takes a, e. g. 3 Gen. 2. 17, 72 Deut. 22. 3, TN Job 3. 3. Some of the other "verbs partake of the peculiarities of these, e. g. Fut.

6. 6,

Is. 13. 8, 5 2 Sam. 6. 1, Ps. 104. is omitted; so also 28. 24, for

1 Kings 6. 10., in 2 Sam. 2. 21, Jer. 13. 21; Fut. oss Mic. 2. 12, 29, for ", in both of which instances 2 Sam. 19. 14, for 1, 1 Sam. 28. . Verbs with è under the second radical change it into ě or ǎ on receiving 7, 7. Those which have o for the first

1 conversive, e. g.

vowel omit the radical in the first pers. sing., thus 3 for NN; there is also an instance of this omission where the first vowel is ē, viz. Prov. 8. 17, for 7-7.

3. IMPERATIVE. Verbs of this class generally exhibit (:) under, as Job 38. 3, jo Num. 21. 16, in Ex. 4. 4. In the other persons the forms are mostly regular, though we find Num. 11. 16, Job 33. 5, with paragogic and fem. sing. Is. 47. 2, (peculiar) Ruth 3. 15.

§ 55. NIPHAL.

1. The form exhibited in the paradigm is the usual one, though that with the rough enunciation is by no means unfrequent, as

Joel 1. 18, Deut. 4. 32, 7

Josh. 8.

1 Kings 10. 21, 20. In Num. 32. 30, Josh. 22. 9, from the verb y, the char. , like the Fut. preformatives of Kal, takes the vowel o.

2. INFINITIVE. The common vowel of the first syllable is of the Segol class, as Ty, or Thy (rough enunc.); but in the Infin. Abs.

נַעְתּוֹר נַהֲפוֹךְ with final Holem it is Pattah, as

3. FUTURE. The preformative with Tseri, because Dagesh. The only anomalies are, np for n (with epenth. "), a for an Ezek. 26. 15.

rejects the

Ex. 25. 31.

NOTE. The Dageshed conjugations Piel, Pual, and Hithpael are perfectly regular in their mode of inflection; nothing therefore is required to be said of them.

one.

§ 56. HIPHIL.

1. PRETERITE. The exhibited form with (...) is the common We occasionally meet with instances of the rough enuncíation, as 2 Kings 4. 27, p Ex. 18. 6. Vav conversive usually changes (:) into (-:-) as being shorter, as 2

Ezek.

הֶעֶבַרְתָּ for הֵעֲבַרְתָּ Jer. 15. 14. Special anomalies are וְהַעֲבַרְתִּי 29.7

::

Josh. 7. 7, and for

Hab. 1. 15.

2. INFINITIVE. The first radical in " verbs is occasionally omitted and the Pattah of the char. lengthened into Kamets, as for Ezek. 21. 33. In the Imp. also & is rejected, and takes ♬ Tseri, as for Is. 21. 14, Jer. 12. 9. Comp. § 26. 2.

3. FUTURE. Not unfrequently occurs with rough enunciation, as instead of Jer. 32. 6. Occasionally the radical è is omitted in the first pers. sing., and the preformative takes ō, as

.4 .11 .Hos אַאֲכִיל for אוֹכִיל

§ 57. HOPHAL.

1. PRETERITE. Scarcely any deviations from the usual form We meet with 7 (rough enunc.) Job 30. 15, instead of In the Inf. Abs. ban

occur.

7577.

.8 .2 .Nah הָעֲלָה for העֲלָה We find

occurs Ezek. 16. 4, a form sui generis.

II. Verbs whose Second Radical is a Guttural.

1. Verbs whose middle radical is a Guttural are, on this account, subject to analogous variations from the regular form with the foregoing; as (a) In those persons and forms in which the middle radical would, in other cases, take a simple Sheva, it here takes a composite, and that for the most part Hateph Pattah (-); as p

The last syllable of the (6) .(תִּשְׁחֲטִי) שְׁחֲטִי,(בַּחְנוּ) בָּחֲנוּ (רְתְקָה)

Future and Imperative has for the most part Pattah, so that nearly all these verbs belong to those of Fut. a; as Fut. p, Imp. Fut. Imp. 3. The Inf. abs. and const. take Holem; as ina, pr.

REMARKS.

§ 60. KAL.

שְׁאֶלְתֶּם Sam. 1. 21, and 1 שָׁאַלְתִּי for שָׁאִלְתִּי In the Preter we find

for 1 Sam. 22. 13, and in the Future p for p Gen. 21. 6. The fem. Infinitives follow the usual analogy of Gutturals § 25. 4, as ans, п, except п Num. 23. 7.

§ 61. PIEL.'

The second radical not being capable of receiving its appropriate Dagesh forte, the i of the second is lengthened into è (§ 25. 8.), as 2 for 72; and as p does not occur in this conjugation, we have with other grammarians adopted instead of it. The protraction of the , however, though common before is less so before,, and, as 1 Sam. 28. 23, Is. 60. 7, Gen. 34. 2 Kings 23. 24. Yet

19; but Lev. 14. 48, □ Is. 51. 3, 7 occurs Ps. 10. 3. In the Infin. analogy properly requires the Pattah of the regular form (3pp) to be lengthened into Kamets, as in the paradigm. But before and it is seldom done; as, nn, The remark made above as to the non-protraction of Pattah,

.החל Both יְנַחֵם יְנַהֵג לְטַהֵר applies also to the Future ; thus we have

Vav conversive and Makkeph following shorten the last syllable in these words; as 77371, p. The same is also the case when a word of one syllable or a word having the tone on the first syllable follows; as by,p. The Participle sometimes follows the analogy of the Inf. and Fut. in not lengthening the Pattah; as

.מְטָהֵר instead of מְטַחֵר

TT

When the second radical is, the u of the first is retained, as Hos. 2. 25, □ Hos. 14. 4, уn? Prov. 30. 1.

In those persons of the Preter in which the second radical ori. ginally has Pattah, but which is lengthened by pause accent into Kamets (§ 22. 2. a.), the Kamets of the first radical is changed into Segol, as "pen for "panen Ezek. 5. 13.

.

III. Verbs whose Third Radical is a Guttural.

§ 64. VERBS GUTT. (2).

1. Verbs of this class are distinguished mainly by the following peculiarities:

(a) In cases where the Guttural would properly have a Sheva, viz. before the afformatives of the Preter, the vowel pointing, contrary

exception to this the 2d pers. sing. fem. through all the forms takes

As an .שְׁמַעְתֶּם שָׁמַעְתִּי שָׁמַעְתָּ to general analogy, is regular ; as

80 ; שָׁמַעְתְּ instead of שָׁמַעַתְּ a Pattah furtive under the Guttural, as

pop), puzzo, pob. Very seldom is the punctuation here like Gen. 26. 29, Ps. 35. 25.

(b) When the Guttural is preceded by 4, 1, *. impure, it takes Patlah furtive; as Ding, a, pin, The Inf. Const. in Kal follows the same analogy, having its Holem, contrary to common usage, immutable; as, arb.

(c) As these verbs have a strong affinity for Pattah we find the usual form of the Fut. and Imp. Kal is final a; as, 37, 7.

.שמעת for שמעת ,So the Fem. Part. Segol .דע ידע

(d) The forms with final Tseri may retain it and put a Patṭah furtive under the Guttural, as ; or they may substitute a real

מְשַׁכַּח or מְשַׁבֵּחַ So also .שמע Pattah in their stead, as