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.Yod 3d Class "פ Verbs .77 $

(Assimilating Yod.)

1. The grand peculiarity of these verbs is the assimilation of

,קצת Yod in the Fut. of Kal, in Niphal, Hiphil, and Hophal, as

n,

In this respect they plainly .קְצַת .Hoph ,הִצְרת .Hiph ,נְצַת .Niph

and in many cases it is perhaps ,66 $ פ"ג conform to the model of

impracticable to determine whether the original roots of these

class. Four verbs only belong wholly to פ"י or פ"נ verbs were of Five others partake partly of the יָצַע יָצַת רָעַג יָנַח .this class, viz

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peculiarities of this, and partly of the other classes, viz. 797, 187,

2. As the conjugations Niphal, Hiphil, and Hophal are inflected precisely in the same manner as " verbs, it will be sufficient to give merely the paradigm of Kal.

PARADIGM OF " YOD VERBS-CLASS III.

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1. These verbs have so close an analogy with the ensuing class ("§80), that many of the older grammarians, as Buxtorf, Al.

ting, Danz, Simonis, and others, maintained that they ought not to

be considered as constituting a distinct species. They accounted

c., by supposing that they were of& בִּינוֹתִי בִּינוּ for such forms as had ה verbs, of which the characteristic ע"ו the Hiph. conjugation of

.This is also the theory of Ewald. Prof הֵבִינוֹתִי הֵבִינוּ lent to

somehow suffered apheresis; thus making the above forms equiva

Nordheimer, on the contrary, adopts the conclusion that the medial Yod does not form an essential part of the root, which consists of two strong immutable consonants, containing the fundamental idea of the verb; but that between these the weak letter is inserted to complete the usual triliteral form. As the true theory respecting this class of roots is yet involved in considerable uncertainty, we shall content ourselves, without attempting a decision, with the simple exhibition of the paradigm of Kal, leaving the others to be col.

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REMARKS.

§ 79. KAL.

1. PRETERITE. In the three verbs 1, 2, the Preter has Yod with Hireq instead of usual form, and where this is the case the epenthetic iis inserted before the formative suffixes beginning

All the other cases of .דיגוּם רִיבוֹת בִּינוֹתִי with a consonant, as

the Preter conform to that of verbs ".—In the Part. beside the usual form, we meet once with 3, Neh. 13. 21, also once with

אָרב from אוֹיֵב regular

2. FUTURE, This corresponds in all respects to Fut. Hiph. of verbs 1, as is evident from the paradigm. So also in the apocopated forms, as 77, 7, 1937, 1307. Pattah for Tseri appears with , and also in pause, as 13.

the Gutturals, as

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1. To this class belong all those verbs whose second radical is 1, and whose root throughout in Kal, Niphal, Hiphil and Hophal, becomes by contraction monosyllabic; as orig. 1, contr. Kal bp,

The law of contraction here .הוּקַם .Hoph הֵקִים .Hiph נָקוֹם .Niph

depends upon the principles stated § 26. I. 1–4, in respect to and . From what is there said it appears that where the vowel under 1 or is peculiarly important, as is the final vowel of every triliteral root, § 31. 2, it then remains with elision of the weak or ", yet so far modified, that a short vowel is changed into its corresponding long, just as if two vowels had coalesced; thus (§ 26. II. 4.)

into שָׁנְוָה ; חֲקִים into הִקְרִים ; מית into (מָרֵת) מָוֶת; קָם is changed into

. This long vowel, however, in the 2d and 1st pers. pret. is again shortened, as np, p.

2. The preformatives of the Future of Kal, Preter of Niph., and of the whole of Hiph. and Hoph. consisting of a simple syllable before the monosyllabic root, arise from the normal formation according to the principles stated §§ 8. 3, and 27. 7, as bp for bp,

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3. In the Pret. of Niph. and Hiph. the semi-vowel is inserted before the afformative of the first and second person, in order to avoid a certain hardness of enunciation inseparable from the regu

In הַקַמְתָּ instead of חֲקִימוֹתָ נְקוֹמְתָּ instead of יְקוּמוֹתָ lar form, as

like manner an epenthetic with Segol ("..) is inserted before the afformative of the sec. and third pers. fem. plur. of Fut. Kal, as

This is to avoid the formation of a mixed .תְּקוּמְנָה for תְּקוּמָרְיָה

syllable with a long vowel in the middle of a word. In both cases the epenthetic letters take the tone. Elsewhere the tone often rests, as in verbs yy, not on the afformatives П,,,., but on the preceding syllable, as np, p, &c.

4. The intensive or Dageshed conjugations, viz. Piel, Pual, and Hithpael, on account of the great weakness of the second radical, very seldom occur in the regular form. Instead of them we find the roots repeating the third radical if it be a strong one, with the change of the ù into ō, and the assumption of è for the vowel, as

These formations, usually termed .רום from הִתְרוֹמֵם קוּם from קוֹמֵם

Polel, Polal, Hithpolel, are perfectly equivalent in signification to the regular ones, and so constant that with one or two excedtions,

the normal form only occurs, where הרב עוד from עוד חוב as אתָּה רְנָה קִיָּה צְיָּה the third radical is a weak or guttural sound, as

,, in all which cases the is comparatively strong. The rarer Pilpel is occasionally met with, as .

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