REMARKS.

§ 81. KAL.

1. PRETERITE. Neuter verbs having Holem or Tseri, as i,

,בש as ו regularly retain them on the rejection of the מָוֶת רָרֶץ טוֹב

Họa, họa, in, 73, hạ. Two cases by special anomaly exhibit Pattah, as Zech. 4. 10, Is. 44. 18. In the unique form N Hos. 10. 14, the medial is merely a mater lectionis, § 5. 2.

Anomalies.

.10 .14 .Zech רָמָה for רָאֲמָה .4 .5 .Zech לָנָה for וְלָנֶה

phy Ps. 8. 7.

1

.7 .46 .Ezek שָׁבָה » שָׁבַת

.15 .94 .Ps שָׁתוּ

2. INFINITIVE. The Const. Inf. has sometimes Holem instead of Shureq, as nin, xia, ai; also with Vav omitted, as Oc. casionally Shureq is shortened to Kibbuts, as,. With para

.לבא

with a for רָצוֹה for רָצוֹא By special anomaly .בְּבאָה,רוֹעָה ,gogic

paragogic. In is for win Is. 28. 28, the is prosthetic.

3. FUTURE. In we find Kibbuts for Shureq. Occa. sionally Fut. o instead of u is met with, as in, ban, Dip. This however is shortened by Vav. conversive, as Dpt. Under the formatives of the verb in, Tseri always occurs, as is, nj, &c. With a Guttural or Resh the apoc. Fut. usually takes Pattah, as

pre

4. IMPERATIVE. Sometimes defectively written, as DR, . Sometimes with Holem, bin, Tx. With parag., nas, or nav,

.קוּמָה בּאָה

5. PARTICIPLE. This occurs with o as by, is, and also with Tseri, as,, . But its usual form is the same with that of the Preterite.

§ 82. NIPHAL.

1. PRETERITE. A single instance of initial Tseri occurs as i Zech. 2. 17. In the persons having the afformatives and n Holem is usually exchanged for 1, as p, . Yet Holem remains in Ezek. 20. 43, Div Ezek. 11. 17. 2. INFINITIVE. In one case with Shureq instead of Holem, as , Is. 25. 10. If the first radical be a Guttural, the character. istic takes Tseri instead of Hirea, as is, whence by contraction is, Job 33. 30. .

3. PARTICIPle.

Occasionally with Shureq or Kibbuts instead

of Holem, as 73, Ezek. 6. 12, 7. Ex. 14. 3, 7 Is. 1. 18.

66

.14 .16 .Num הֲמִיתוֹתָם » חֲמִתֶּם .25 .20 .Ex הֵנִיפוֹת .(שׁוּב and יָשַׁב comp. of) הוֹשְׁבוֹתִים

66

Jer. 44. 24. With for 1. So also

the characteristic is often excluded, as 17 with, for. Once with fem. form, np Is. 30. 28, for

3. FUTURE. Often terminates with Tseri, as 7, 7, 7. Vav conversive, as usual, shortens Tseri into Segol, as Dp, 7. Be. fore a Guttural, Pattah according to common usage stands in the

תְחִילִין With paragogic יָסַר הָרַע last syllable, as

4. IMPERATIVE. With Pattah on account of Guttural in ; also once without a Guttural, 7, Ezek. 21. 35. Once with Yod,

5. PARTICIPLE. Terminates frequently in Tseri and Pattah, as

בִינָה לִינִי לִינוּ דִּינוּ Kings 18. 6. So 2 הֵשִׁיב

.ac ,מֵלִין מֵסִית,Pattah occurs for Tseri ,מַכִּין מִפִּית In מֵרָע מֵעַר

cording to the analogy of verbs "y.

§ 84. HOPHAL.

1. PRETERITE. The long vowel Shureq in the following cases appears to be resolved inio Kibbuts with Dagesh; p 2 Sam. 23. 1, Is. 59. 14. In Dan. 8. 11, we find D, and elsewhere,

V. Verbs whose Second and Third Radicals are alike.

§ 85. VERBS (39).

1. These verbs are irregular by contraction, and their distinguishing peculiarity consists in dropping the second radical and

transferring its vowel to the first, § 31. 5. a; as, contr. ;

.סב .contr ,סְבֹב

2. In every case of contraction of this kind, the last radical ought analogically to have a Dagesh compensative, but as this cannot stand at the end of a word the reduplication consequently takes place only when there is an accession to the end of a contracted form. Thus we do not write 20, 0, but, 0.

3. In order to render more audible the doubling of the last radi. cal by the Dagesh, which might easily be slurred over in pronunciation, the epenthetic syllables i and ", carrying with them the tone, are inserted before suffixes beginning with a consonant as in the preceding class of verbs, § 80. Thus instead of 2, 2,

.The supplied i may be writ .סְבֶּינָה סַבּוֹנוּ סַבּוֹתָ we have ,לַבְּנָה

i,

ten defectively, as o, though such orthography is rare.

4. The preformatives of the Fut. Kal. Pret. Niph., and of Hiph. and Hoph. throughout, which in the case of contraction come necessarily to stand in a simple syllable (as instead of —"), usually take a long vowel instead of a short one, which they would otherwise have; as Fut. K. instead of ; Pret. Hiph. instead of 207; Inf. on instead of 20; Fut. 2 This long vowel however is pure and mutable, and therefore capable of being changed or cast away when the shifting of the tone re

instead p.

5. Verbs of this class having the second and third radicals Guttural, lengthen the preceding vowel in cases where Dagesh, analo gically due, is excluded by the Guttural; as in, contr., 3d

T9

6. The place of the tone in these verbs is peculiar. (a) In Kal, Niphal, Hiphil, and Hophal it rests on the penult of all the persons which have afformatives beginning with the vowels, ¡ or; as ME, E, ED. (b) In all the persons which have formative suf fixes beginning with a consonant (excepting and 1) the tone rests on the epenthetic i or inserted between the verb and the suffix;

7. Instead of the ordinary Dageshed conjugations, viz. Piel, Pual, and Hithpael, the rarer intensive formations Poel and Hithpoel, for which are sometimes substituted Pilpel, Pulpal, and Hithpalpal, are usually employed here as in verbs ".