Verbs" and "3.

Imp. Jer. 50. 14, Pi. Fut. 17

Lam. 3. 53, either for 77

.apoc. di, Hithp יוֹדֶה .Fut הוֹדֶה .Hiph ; וַיִּלְדוּ .or Hiph

51. 23; Niph. Part. constr. " Zeph. 3. 18, for ; Pi. Fut.

,13 .16 .Ezek וַתִּיפִי,7 .31 .Ezek וַיִּיף .conv ו with וִיפָה .Fut יָפָה

1. That remarkable peculiarity of the Hebrew and the other Shemitic languages, by which not only the personal, but also the governed or objective case of pronouns is so appended to the verb as to form with it a single word, has already been adverted to, § 30. I. 3. It is there remarked that the personal pronouns have a broken or fragmentary form which is assumed for this purpose, so that instead of saying he killed me, we have, and instead of

This .קְטַלְתָּם thou didst kill them, we have קָטַלְתָּ אֹתָם or קָטַלְתָּ חֵם

kind of connection, however, between the verb and its suffix is not so close as that between nouns and their suffixes ("my word), and consequently the verbal suffixes are not so much contracted, or, in other words, are less fragmentary than the nominal. Indeed they sometimes remain entirely detached from the governing verb, as iris he killed him. The following are the terminations by which such pronouns are indicated.

2. These suffix pronouns are for the most part united to verbs by means of what is termed a union-vowel, § 30. I. 4, substituted in place of the final vowel of the verb, which falls away, as he will keep me (for), where Tseri is the union-vowel. A fuller view of the verbal suffixes with their union-vowels is given in the following table.

3. These suffixes, especially in the singular of the Fut., are sometimes preceded by an epenthetic Nun, which is usually assimilated to the first letter of the suffix, and expressed by Dagesh forte, though in the poetical books the is not unfrequently written out, as he will glorify me, Ps. 50. 23. In this case the suffixes assume the forms exhibited in the following table.

In the poetical books we occasionally meet with the suffixes,, ".., 2d pers. sing. masc. and fem., instead of,, and 7..

as

.6 .135 .Ps אֶזְכְּרֵךְ for אֶזְכְּרֵכִי 10 .145 .they shall bless thee, Ps יְבָרְכוּכָה

:

4. The natural effect of the accession of suffixes to verbs is an increase in the number of syllables. But as a counteractive to this the tone usually moves forward in such cases, which causes one or more of the preceding vowels to fall away, leaving Sheva simple or

composite in their place, and thus diminishing the number of dis. tinct syllables. Thus in the 3d pers. sing. and plur. Pret. the Kamets of the first radical in consequence of accession falls away, and the Pattah of the second becomes Kamets by standing in a mixed syllable, according to § 8. 3, while in the fem. the is changed Consequently,

..ת into

ז

The other changes which take place from the same cause will be best learned from the annexed paradigm.

1. The Inf. Kal (5, 3) when suffixed is treated for the most part like a Segolate noun (of the form p, bp) of which the vowel in the first syllable is for the most part short (pp). A very few cases vary from this and exhibit

only the common form with Holem.

.

We give in the paradigm

1. All the persons of the Fut. which end in the last letter of the root, lose their final vowel before suffixes, except that before ,, the vowel remains, and becomes Kamets Hateph. The suffix has the union-vowel e.

§ 109. IMPERATIVE KAL.

1. This conforms very nearly to the Infinitive. The suffixes, however, have generally the union-vowel Tseri; as

NOTE. The plural form 3 remains unchanged, whatever the accession at the end, as

.c& ,קְטְלוּךְ קְטְלוּנִי

2. As all the remaining conjugations terminate in the same manner, they all follow the analogy of Kal in receiving suffixes, with very trifling variations. We give simply the Preter of Piel as a specimen.

1. As the effect of the suffixes is either to add a new accented syllable, or to give to a syllable the tone which it had not before, a change in the vowels, according to the laws of the tone §§ 21 and 27, 11–14, is the necessary consequence. (a) In the Preter the vowel of the fore-tone (§ 21. 3.) under the first radical always disappears, as, (b) The vowel of the penult which was before long, now falls into an unaccented syllable and becomes short, as 153 Ps. 13. 5, from 5. In the Future, as the first syllable is mixed and its vowel is incapable of being rejected, the last syllable only admits of change, and that only when it is mutable. Accordingly the short or accented final vowel disappears here entirely before the union-vowel, as for. But where no union-vowel occurs the second vowel is merely shortened,

2. When the suffixes are attached to those persons of the verb