REMARKS ON THE TABLE. (a) The shortest and perhaps original form of with elided, Ezek. 33. 30), for which we find * Gen. 48. 22, Is. 27. 12. Const. 7, though in the few instances just cited and some others is found as the absolute form. Fem. (in pause .the same, Gen אֲחָדִים .plur ; אֲחֶדֶת or אֲחָדַת contracted from (אֶחָת AT 11. 1, or some, Gen. 27. 44; 29. 20. (b) The origin of the dual two would seem to be obsolete perhaps from original ,(שִׁנְתַּיִם as if contr. from) שְׁתַּיִם .Fem ; שֵׁן sing.. The Dagesh is retained not only as compensative of , rejected, as in pron. thou f. (§ 30. 2. b.), and verba for f. pair. 2. The Numerals from three to ten are essentially abstract substantives to denote a mass, a multitude. If they stand quite alone, free from all connexion with a noun, the feminine form is always used, as three trias, triad. When connected with substantives, they should properly as substantives be' placed in the const. state, as lit. a triad of sons; but having gradually lost their substantive character and assumed that of adjectives, they are put before nouns without construction, as, or even after, still more in the manner of adjectives, as . Having thus acquired more and more of the adjective sense, they accommodate themselves to the gender, i. e. the masculine; whereas when connected with a fem. noun, they, by way of distinction, drop their own characteristic termination. But in some few cases the original fem. numerals are found connected with fem. substantives, as hia ngb three daughters, instead of the usual ni Gen. 7. 13, Zech. 3. 9. 3. The intermediate numbers from ten to twenty, twenty to thirty, &c., are made by connecting a decimal with a unit, in the following manner : 4. The decimals from thirty to ninety are expressed by the plu ,forty אַרְבָּעִים,thirty שְׁלֹשִׁים ral forms of the corresponding units ; as .ten עֶשֶׂר the plural of ,עֶשְׂרִים fifty, &c., except that twenty is חֲמִשִׁים 5. Hundreds and thousands are expressed by the plurals of the words thus : hundred, and thousand, preceded by the nine units, 1. The Ordinal numbers except the first are derived from the Cardinals by adding the terminations. and . as may be seen before .י from the following table. Most of them however, insert As the ordinal numbers extend only to ten, when the enumeration went beyond this, and sometimes when it fell short of it, the Hebrews made use of the Cardinals to express the Ordinals. But then the number always followed the noun, or the noun was re יוֹם הַשְּׁנֵים עָשָׂר (.twelve days, but (ord שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר יוֹם ( .peated, as (card שְׁנַת הַחֲמִשִׁים שָׁנָה or שְׁנַת הַחֲמִשִׁים ;the twelfth day הַשְּׁנֵים עָשָׂר יוֹם or the fiftieth year. So below ten in the year four, i. e. the fourth year; the one day, i. e. the first day. In this case the numeral is almost uniformly followed by as ni in the tenth day to (of) the month; year to (of) the reign. § 140. Fractional Numbers. in the third .f. a half מַחֲצִית and מֶחֱצָה,.m ( חֲצִי .const) חַצִי These are .1 The rest of the fractional numbers are indicated by placing the feminine ordinals before the noun; thus by the third (part) of a year; whereas signifies the third year. In some cases the noup is omitted, as, 'And ye shall give a fifth unto Pharaoh,' Gen. 47. 24. § 141. Position of Numerals in a Sentence. 1. There is no fixed and uniform rule as to the order of the different parts of a compound numerical expression. In some cases the numerals come before and sometimes after the name of the thing numbered. Thus and are always placed after while the rest of the class mostly precede their nouns, either in the ,too men שְׁנֵי אֲנָשִׁים or שְׁנַיִם אֲנָשִׁים construct or absolute state, as twenty boards. In large combinations we may either begin with the units and proceed to the greater numbers, or vice versa, as will be seen in the following series of examples, which will better illustrate the general Hebrew usage into numerals than any mere verbal description. 7 From 1 to 10. ,one man אַחַד הָאָדָם .one lip, in const שָׂפָה אַחַת ,one day יוֹם אֶחָד (lit. unity of man). N in one of the cities of the tro שְׁנֵי הַמָּארְוֹת הַגְּדֹלִים .tuo rams, in const אֵילִים שְׁנַיִם,kingdom three שָׁלֹשׁ הַשָּׁנִים .three daughters, in const שלש בנות,great lights שָׁבַע שָׁנִים,.id חֲמֵשֶׁת שְׁקָלִים .five shekels, in const חֲמִשָּׁה שְׁקָלִים,years seven years, seven days, &c. Units and Tens from 20 to 90. the twelve שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל,eleven stars אַחַד עָשָׂר כּוֹכָבִים fifteen חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה,fourteen sons בָּנִים אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר ,tribes of Israel years, &c. Hundreds and Thousands. m 1 ND 13 one hundred and twenty years old (lit. son of lit. three and שָׁלֹשׁ וּשְׁלֹשִׁים וּמְאַת שָׁנָה (a hundred and twenty years TT thirty and a hundred years, i lit. eighty and a hun dred and seventy-five shekels, two thousand horses, -a thousand seven hun אֶלֶף וּשְׁבַע מֵאוֹת וַחֲמִשָּׁה וְשִׁבְעִים שֶׁקֶל,dred days ten עֲשָׂרָה אֶלֶף sit thousand שֵׁשֶׁת אֶלֶף to hundred goats עִדִים מָאתַיִם twelve שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה רִבּוֹ אָדָם ,a hundred thousand מְאַת אֶלֶף thousand myriads of men-one hundred and twenty thousand. 1. Under this term the elder grammarians comprehended all such words as are used for the purpose of defining, explaining, or modifying either the principal parts or the whole of a sentence, and of showing the relation and connexion between its several members ; and hence they extended this denomination even to the Article and the Pronoun. Modern grammarians, however, have limited the term to Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections; and in this restricted sense it is to be understood here. 2. Particles are divided into Inseparable and Separable. The Inseparable are parts of words prefixed or appended to others with which they are substantially incorporated, as is the case with and in towards the land, in and to the land. וְלָאָרֶץ asy now, by upon, from the land; and with and The Separable consist of entire words; before, so, behold, come! go to! § 143. SEPARABLE PARTICLES. 1. The Particles of this class are partly primitive and partly derivative. To the former belong and lo! behold! a particle of entreaty, I pray you, now, and indeed all those words usually denominated Interjections, and expressing merely the affections or emotions of the speaker, whether of grief, joy, fear, anger, &c., as a, ah! oh! of which see a farther account hereafter. But by far the largest portion of them are derivatives from other parts of speech, viz. the verb and the noun, as will be seen from the detailed ⚫statements below. § 144. Adverbs. 1. Among the primitive Adverbs may be enumerated where? thus, not, in here, there. Of the derivatives from verbs. the greater number are from the Inf., as 1 so, from 11 to establish, prepare, adjust, i well, from his to be good, quickly, from na and from the Imp., to hasten, much, from ♫ to be numerous; come לְכָה,to see רָאָה behold, from רְאֵה,to give יָהַב go to, from חָבָה as on, from to walk. 2. Of the Adverbs derived from nouns, which constitute a large majority, some retain the nominal form and even the distinctions of number and gender with scarcely any change, as op without, only, from op want, merely, only, from p thinness, emptiness, not yet, from beginning, near, by the side of, from round about, from a circuit, forever, from perpetuity, side, ,alternately חליפות,righteousness מֵישָׁרִים righteously, from מֵישָׁרִים T from change. Where a change occurs in the form it is usually (a) By affixing the termination truth, gratis, from favor, (=) suddenly, from from three. or, as truly, from daily, from in day, in moment, the day before yesterday, (b) By affixing the termination ., as n twice, from D ,mournfully קְדֹרַנִּית ,hindmost אַחֲרוֹן backwards, from אֲחֹרַנִּית ,too -Jem יְהוּדִית,Syria אֲרָם Syriac-wise, from אֲרָמִית,mourner קדר from ish-wise, from Judea. יְהוּדָה |