T that they had gotten,' i. e. the souls, the persons. 'And they went unto the Jebusites the dweller in the land,' i. e. the dwell'For the king had at sea ship of Tarshish,' i. e. ships, a navy. ers. the This rule holds especially in regard to national denominations, as Hittite, the Amorite, the Jebusite, i. e. the Hittites, Amorites, Jebusites. 2. The plural of nouns expressing dignity and majesty, particularly the titles of the Most High, is generally used instead of the singular. This is termed pluralis excellentiæ, as God 1. The repetition of nouns, if without the copula and, denotes (1) Multitude, as gigpits pits of slime, i. e. a great heaps, heaps, Ex. 8. 10. number of pits, Gen. 14. 10; 7 (2) Distribution, as in the morning, in the morning, i. e. every morning, Ex. 36. 3; bir bir day, day, i. e. every day; 7 flock, flock by itself, i. e. each flock by itself. (3) Intensity, as 77 PT justice, justice thou shalt follow, Deut. 16. 20; pay pay deep, deep, i. e. very deep, Eccl. 7. 24. Repetition with copula 7 usually denotes diversity, as 'Thou shalt not have in thy bag stone and stone, i. e. different stones or weights, Deut. 25.14; 77277 they speak with heart and heart, i. e. they speak with duplicity, Ps. 12. 3. § 159. Nouns used as Adjectives. 1. Of two nouns in regimen the latter is very frequently employed as an adjective to qualify the former, as p garments of holiness, i. e. holy garments; p stone of justice, i. e. just חָלְקַת חֶמְדָּה ; wife of youth, i. e. young wife אֵשֶׁת נְעוּרִים ; weight portion of desire, i. e. desirable or pleasant portion; him sleep of perpetuity, i. e. perpetual sleep; po men of number, i. e. men that can be numbered. 2. In some instances a noun with a preposition answers the place of an adjective, as i service in the field, i. e. rustic service; as a watch in the night, i. e. a nocturnal watch; 777p in holiness is thy way, i. e. thy way is holy; ribe in bip the voice of the Lord is in strength, i. e. is strong, Ps. 29. 4. $160. ADJECTIVES. Concord. 1. Adjectives usually agree with their substantives in gender and number; but to this there are many exceptions, particularly in regard to numerals, as pright (are) thy judgments, i. e. thy judgments are a right thing; or, each of thy judgments is right; זֶה עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה ; a hundred times מֵאָה פְעָמִים ; three lkings שְׁלֹשָׁה מְלָכִים this twenty years; two hundred (shekels) of silver. 2. Dual nouns, as a general rule, take plural adjectives, as .weak hands רָפוֹת 3. When the concord is directed by the sense rather than by the grammatical form of the noun, it may be termed constructio ad sen sum. of the mighty is broken, 1 Sam. 2. 4, where the boo קָשֶׁת גִּבּרִים חַתִּים : Of this the following are examples -and the bar וְצַפַּחַת הַשֶׁמֶן לֹא חָסֵר So קָשֶׁת but in sense with ,גִּבּרִים the voice of thy brother's קוֹל דְּמֵי אָחִיךָ צַעֲקִים In like manner n in form agrees with is instead of rel of oil wasted not, 1 Kings 17. 16, where fem. 4. An adjective connected with two substantives of different genders generally agrees with the masculine as the more worthy, unless the feminine stands nearest to it, in which case it frequently conforms to that, as Abraham and Sarah were old, where the adjective is masc. TT: T: and Miriamm וַתְּדַבֵּר מִרְיָם וְאַחֲרוֹ But in and Aaron spake, the predicate is feminine. § 161. PRONOUNs. 1. When a personal pronoun is the subject of a sentence, the neuter verb of existence (7) is for the most part omitted, as (are (are בָּנִים אֲנַחְנוּ ,thou (art) God אַתָּה אֱלֹהִים ,I (am) naked אָנֹכִי righteous, whence (are) ye? 2. The pronouns affixed to verbs are usually in the accus. case and governed by the verb, but cases sometimes occur where a preposition is to be understood between the verb and its suffix, as y thou hast given (to) me, Josh. 15. 19; evil shall not dwell (with) thee, Ps. 5. 5; and they cried (to) thee, Neh. 9. 28; then thou watchest (it for) me, i. e. on my account, Job 10. 14. 3. Anomalies. Suffix pronouns in the singular not unfrequently relate to a noun plural, especially if it be a noun of mul gives him (sing.) into thine hand, Deut. 21. 10; and refused to be comforted for her sons because he was not, i. e. they were not,' Jer. 31. 15; 'and the woman took the two spies and hid him,' Josh. 2. 4. 4. Sometimes a sing. fem. suffix relates to a masc. or fem. plural, as the waters wear the stones, its inundations wash which leaveth away the dust of the earth, Job 14. 19; her eggs in the earth,. . . . and forgetteth that the foot ♫ may crush it, or that the wild beast may break it,' Job 39. 14, 15; 'he cleaved to the sins of Jeroboam, . . . he departed not from it,' 2 Kings 3. 3. 5. Peculiar use of the Personal Pronoun. In order to give greater emphasis to an expression the personal pronouns are sometimes pleonastically employed, as who will grant me to die, even me, 2 Sam. 19.1; 137 DEN DE your carcases, even ye, shall fall, Num. 14. 32; bless me also, even me, Gen. 27. . 34, 38 shall lick thy blood, even thou, 1 Kings 21. 19.. 6. Both verbal and noun suffixes are used in the same manner, ; וַיְשַׁבּוֹ אֶת־טַעְמוֹ ; 6 .2 .and she saw him, the child, Ex וַתִּרְאֵהוּ אֶת־הַיָּלֶד as and he changedit, his understanding, 1 Sam. 21. 14; his soul abhors it, bread, Job 33. 20; in the twigs of it, the fruit tree, Is. 17.6; the end of it, joy, Prov. 14. 13; my vineyard, which is to me, Cant. 1. 6. 7. Demonstrative Pronouns. The demonstrative and are sometimes used for the relative omitted; as this people which I have formed, Is. 43. 21; the wicked who destroy me, Ps. 17. 9; hast founded, Ps. 104. 8. Dip to the place which thou 8. The demonstrative sing. is not unfrequently used with the plural and dual numbers, as this seventy years, Zech. זֶה־כִּי עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה בְּבֵיתֶךָ ;36 .27 .this too times, Gen זֶה פַעֲמַיִם ; 1.12 this twenty years to me in thy house, Gen. 31. 41. זו 9. Relative Pronoun. The grammatical antecedent of the relative is frequently omitted, or perhaps may be said to be included in the relative itself, as the Spirit shall carry thee to (a place) which I know not,' i. e. I know not whither, 1 Kings 18. 12; (him) whom thou hast smitten they persecute, Ps. 69. 27; 'I will teach thee (that) which thou shalt speak, Ex. 4. 12. AT 10. The relative itself, on the other hand, is often omitted, as baby to know all (which was) in his heart, 2 Chron. 32. 31; e in a way (which) they knew not, Is. 42. 16; 9737 Din from the day (in which) I spoke, Jer. 36. 2. 11. When a suffix or separable pronoun follows it is not to be considered merely as an expletive, but the sentence is to be resolved by making the relative dependent upon some word or words understood, as which its seed was in it, i. e. (as to) which its seed was in it, Gen. 1. 12; 'a nation (as to) which thou shalt not understand its language,' Deut. 28. 49; ini ng ¬ON (as to) whom, his day is come, Ezek. 21. 30. So in innumerable other instances. 12. A remarkable change of persons from the second to the third is often to be observed in connexion with the relative, whether expressed or understood, as behold me (who) has (have) foundshout, thou barren who hath ed, &c., Is. 28. 16; (hast) not borne, Is. 54. 1; and thou profane wicked prince, ini (as to) whom, his day is come, Ezek. 21. 30. The same is the case in regard to all of them, used in reference to the second as for them all, do ye re person for turn, Job 17. 10. all of you, as 13. Other peculiar uses of the Relative. The relative, losing its pronominal character, is often employed, (a) In the sense of that, answering to the Greek or, as 'that they may know in that I am Jehovah, Ezek. 20. 26; that the אֲשֶׁר ; 40 .4 .that it may be well with thee, Deut אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לְךְ ears of every one that heareth shall tingle. 1 Sam. 3. 11. (b) To express the relation of cause, equivalent to for, because, inasmuch as, as for who is a God in heaven and earth, &c. Deut. 3. 24; they have brought them from the Amalekites, for the people spared the best of the sheep,' &c., 1 Sam. 15. 15; 'this is thy lot... is because thou hast forgotten me, Jer. 13. 25. (c) To indicate the relation of time, having the sense of when, since, after, as 'that they should conceive when they came to drink,' Gen. 39. 38; 13 when your children shall ask their fathers, &c., Josh. 4. 21; -ON YOND MO when the earth opened its mouth, &c., Gen. 4. 11. TT TIT (d) To express conditionality, equivalent to if, as 'a blessing, if a ruler אֲשֶׁר נָשִׂיא יֶחֱטָא ; 27 .11 .if ye obey, &c., Deut אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ hath sinned, Lev. 4 22. with (e) A similar import attaches to when used in conjunction ,,,,, and other prefix particles, as son that, according to, than that, in that, by rea on account of, because of מִפְּנֵי אֲשֶׁר ,to the end that לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר § 162. VERBS. 1. Though the verb generally agrees with its nominative case, in number, gender, and person, yet the rule has many exceptions, as (a) Nouns of multitude in the singular often take a verb in the plural, as then all the flock will die, Gen. 33. 13'; and all the earth came into Egypt, i. e. all the וְכָל־הָאָרֶץ בָּאוּ מִצְרַיְמָה and all the inhabitants of the earth, Gen. 41. 57; people went up, 1 Kings 1. 40. To this rule belong such collective every one, house, pherd, people, host, city, &c., which almost invariably take a verb nouns as 3 assembly, in the plural. (b) Some plural nouns, conveying a distributive or partitive sense, have a verb agreeing with them in the singular, as let there be lights in the firmament of heaven, Gen. 1. 14, i. e. the several and his hands was (were) firm, i. e. each of lights; my their eyes standeth (stand) each of their eyes, Ps. 73. 7; bh nibb wise women buildeth her house, i. e. every wise woman, out with fatness, i. e. Prov. 14. 1. So a noun sing. with a verb plur., as when there shall happen (pl.) war, i. e. any war, Ex. 1. 10. (c) Several connected nominatives, though of the sing. number and of different genders, usually take a verb plural masculine, as ' and Moses, Aaron and Hur ascended,' Ex. 17. 10; 'for even the husband and wife 177 shall be taken, Jer. 6. 11; ‘Manoah and mercy and truth are חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת נִפְגָּשׁוּ ; 20 .13 .saw, Jud רֹאִים his wife met together, Ps. 85. 11. (d) Anomalies of gender also in the concord of verbs are sometimes met with, as the concubine bore, 1 Chron. 2. 48; and וּבָא עָלַיִךְ רָעָה ; 21 .21 .if the daughters go out, Jud אִם יֵצְאוּ בָנוֹת :" evil come upon thee, Is. 47. 11; and the cry is heard among the nations, Jer. 50. 46; and thy widows, |