of the ordinary rectilinear type, filters through a small "compensating" lens, and the portion of it which contains. the blue is reflected by the yellow glass THE FATHER OF "THREE-COLOR" WORK Frederick Eugene Ives has capped the climax of his work in this field, by perfecting color photography. A "plate pack" containing the three negatives is inserted in the plate holder of the special Tripak camera. By means of an ingenious arrangement of levers, which is controlled by a small handle on the outside, one of the plates is swung to the bottom of the camera on a hinge, and a sheet of yellow glass is dropped down. from the top, forming a forty-five degree angle with the two plates remaining in the rack and the plate on the bottom. All three negatives are exposed simultaneously, approximately one second being required for the average subject. Light, containing the various colors of the object to the plate below. This is known as the blue sensitive plate, and it records only the pure blues, or the blends in which blue is a constituent, of the subject. The remaining light passes on through the yellow screen, which acts as a filter, allowing only green and red to penetrate. The first of the two plates selects green from the remaining light, while the second records only the red. The plates are developed together, and when dried they are printedthe blue and green sensitive plates on transparent celluloid films, which are later dyed magenta pink and yellow, respectively, while from the red sensitive plate a peacock blue print on paper is made. Superposing the three prints and cementing them to TAKES COLORED PICTURES THAT CAN BE REPRODUCED gether concludes The peculiar mechanism hidden within this Ives instru- the process. Color photography is by no means the first tri-color scheme that Ives has given us. His useful "primary color" triumvirate also finds expression in the three-color half-tone process to which tically every three-color reproduction owes thanks. Incidentally, Ives is responsible for the half-tone process of printing. The Colorimeter, an ingenious device by means of which the exact color of any object is determined in three numbers, that can be written or telegraphed to any place in the world, where another Colorimeter is installed, thus making it possible to duplicate the original color, is another result of Ives' ingenious use of his facile "rule of Aside from these achievements, Ives, CONCRETE SEA-WALL BAT- The tons of water that are hurled with terrific force at any breakwater during a storm, are easily able to crush down a thin wall, such as this was, unless it has the thick backing of earth that should have been used here. WHERE THE OCEAN PROVED MASTER ONCE MORE The residents of Long Beach, California, thought that their new breakwater would prevent all encroachments by the Pacific, until they saw this result of a single assault by a furious storm. sand feet now stand intact. One complete section, of eighteen hundred feet, was completely destroyed, and more. than one-half of the other four-thousand-foot section was similarly demolished. The latter was flanked by a broad concrete walk, and both wall and walk now lie in utter ruin, broken into fragments like shattered glass. Perhaps the sea-wall was improperly designed. Engineers declare it was, saying that it was not so built as to conform certain known scientific principles applicable to shore protection. In design, it was of the so-called perpendicular type; that is, it presented a sheer, perpendicular face to the ocean. More than that, it possessed no "groynes" to hold the sand of the beach, nor rows of piling to break the force of the water. The 1800-foot section averaged about five feet in height, above the beach level, and the 4000-foot section was approximately ten feet high, on an average. Both were built of well-reinforced concrete, and were of about the same thickness. Whether man can possibly create a thing that Nature cannot destroy is doubtful. Engineers, who have studied. the matter of shore protection, claim, however, that a sea-wall can be built which should afford absolute protection against any storm that might ordinarily be expected. Instead of a wall like the one destroyed at Long Beach, however, they invariably agree that it must be so designed as to present a curved or sloping surface to the waves and tides, with perhaps "groynes" or something else to act in conjunction therewith. A wall of perpendicular design receives the full force of the water, and, as shown at this southern California city, this force is terrific. In this instance, the spray from the huge seas would sometimes shoot to à height of more than fifty feet, pouring over the wall into the city. CARRY AUTOS ON TROLLEY AN aerial ferry has been built across the Gila River between Silver City and Mogollon, New Mexico, to transport the traffic on that much-traveled road. It is a very simple span of three or four strong wire cables, upon which an underslung carriage is pulled back and forth across the river, by means of a long rope and a muscular attendant on each side of the river. A nominal The refrigerator is lined with white vitrified tile, each tile in the floor, however, containing a piece of carborundum as a guard against slipping. The refrigerating apparatus is carefully designed to be noiseless in operation, so that no annoyance can result to the family living above it. Even more precautions. may be taken, since the equipment can be located in any place from which brine pipes may be run to the icebox. A UNIQUE FERRY This aerial trolley spans a western river. fee is charged for the passage, and the traveler has all the sensations of an aviator as the crossing is made. REFRIGERATOR MAKES ITS OWN ICE A REFRIGERATOR that makes its own ice is now being manufactured for residence use. The new refrigerator, however, is more especially adapted for use in apartment houses, since the pumps. and ice-making apparatus are able to serve at least six refrigerators. The ice-making apparatus is unique in several ways. The ice is made in a grid. mould, which is similar to the frame in which eggs are packed. In the center of each mould, a stream of air is discharged from a thin pipe. The constant agitation. of the water while freezing insures absolutely clear ice for the table, without the use of distilled water. Furthermore, since the cubes freeze first along the edges of the mould, the process can be stopped before the center is frozen, and the partially formed cube makes an ideal cup for shell-fish. The refrigerators are maintained at an even temperature by a brine solution, which is circulated by a pump under the control of a thermostat. The usual temperature maintained is eighteen degrees. MOST DANGEROUS CARGO be destroyed instantaneously and so no WHEN a lime-laden schooner bumped attempt is made to remove the cargo, or the drawbridge while passing out of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, last November, the accident resulted in her being the victim of a dangerous fire. But when a boat, loaded with dynamite, struck a submerged pile at Seattle recently she merely went to the bottom and there was no explosion. Quicklime is the most dangerous cargo that a vessel can carry, for a little leak may bring on disaster. to extinguish the fire. WHEN THIS LIME-LADEN SCHOONER BUMPED INTO A DRAWBRIDGE, SHE SPRANG A LEAK, AND TOOK FIRE Some of the oldest vessels afloat are engaged in carrying lime from Rockland, Maine, to markets farther south on the stormiest coast in the world. When the skipper of one of these little. ships finds that water has gotten into the hold he puts all hands to work calking every little chink and cranny to prevent air getting to the cargo and sets sail for the nearest port with all canvas spread. If she succeeds in getting to a beach she is denuded of all valuable fittings, sealed up and left for a long time to smother. If more air or water gets to the lime the ship will QUEER LIZARD HAS THREE EYES A NEW ZEA LAND lizard, called the "tuatara", is in its way the most remarkable of reptiles, inasmuch as it possesses a third eye in the top of its head. The eye has a lens, and is so far complete in its structure that the creature probably can distinguish light with it, if nothing more. WHEN THIS BOAT, LOADED WITH DYNAMITE, STRUCK A PILE SHE MERELY WENT TO THE BOTTOM. THERE WAS NO EXPLOSION |