by just and generous treatment.

When, late in the year, the Bostonians refused to submit to the billeting of royal soldiers upon them, the imperious earl sent a manifesto to the authorities of that city, saying:

"I have ordered the messenger to wait but fortyeight hours in Boston; and if, on his return, I find things not settled, I will instantly order into Boston the three regiments from New York, Long Island, and Connecticut, and, if more are wanted, I have two in the Jerseys at hand, beside three in Pennsylvania." While that alarming and foolish message was on the way to the New England capital, another from Pitt was crossing the Atlantic for the recall of Loudon. The minister complained that he could "never hear from him, and did not know what he was about."

Never did an oppressed people feel more relieved than the Americans at the recall of the odious Loudon. Preparations for the campaign of 1758 were pressed with vigor. A strong naval armament was placed under the command of Boscawen, and twelve thousand additional troops were allotted to the service of America, while equal vigor with more enthusiasm was evinced in the colonies. When Pitt asked for twenty thousand provincial troops, an excess of that number was immediately raised, New England alone raising fifteen thousand.

In Massachusetts, public and private advances amounted to more than a million dollars. During the year 1758, enormous taxes were laid and cheerfully paid. In many instances the taxes were equal to two-thirds of the income of the tax-payer.

The plan of the campaign was a renewal of Shir-. ley's scheme of 1756, spoiled by the idiot Loudon. It included expeditions against Louisburg, Fort Du Quesne, the strong posts in Lake Champlain, and Montreal and Quebec. To Sir Jeffrey Amherst, a veteran soldier then about forty years of age, with the accomplished James Wolfe, thirty years of age, as his lieutenant was intrusted the leadership in the expedition against Louisburg, in connection with Boscawen's fleet. General Joseph Forbes was to attempt the capture of Fort Du Quesne and the Ohio Valley, and General Abercrombie, with young Lord Howe as his lieutenant, was directed to sweep the French from Lake Champlain and attempt the capture of Montreal and Quebec. To Wolfe and Howe, Pitt looked for success, more than to Abercrombie and Amherst. Both were young men, experienced in military life, judicious, magnetic and full of energy.

Wolfe was the most remarkable of all the soldiers sent by Great Britain. He was a refined young gentleman with decided literary tastes, full of ambition, at the same time noble and kind.

The campaign of 1758 opened with the siege of Louisburg. On the 8th of June, fleet and army appeared in Gabarus Bay not far from Louisburg and the troops proceeded to land. The surf was running high and breaking in foam on the rugged shore. Wolfe, at the head of the first division, ventured among the turbulent waters before the dawn. Several of his launches bearing troops were upset and shattered. When he reached shoal water, the impatient young general leaped into the sea waist deep, drew his sword and, in the morning twilight, led his soldiers against breastworks and abatis in the face of a sharp fire from the batteries. The French were driven from their outworks into the fort, and the siege immediately began. It lasted almost fifty days, the fort being ably defended by Chevalier de Drucourt with twentyfive hundred regulars and six hundred militia. Four days after landing, some batteries of the enemy were captured and smaller works quickly secured. The English placed cannon in the battery and began to play upon the fort and town and vessels in the harbor. The roar of cannon and shriek and crash of shells were almost incessant. Four French ships in the harbor were sunk and the town reduced to a ruin. English shot and shell dismounted nearly all the cannon on the fort, and, on the 26th of July, the French were compelled to

capitulate. On the 27th, the English took possession of the fort and town, with the islands of Cape Breton and Prince Edward, and nearly all the coast to the mouth of the St. Lawrence.

Wolfe was the soul and genius of the expedition, and Pitt, clear-headed enough to see to whom honor was due, resolved to reward effective officers, regardless of precedents and family lineage.

General activity prevailed throughout the colonies. The generous voice of Pitt inspired the Americans with such hope and enthusiasm as they had never before known. While Amherst and Wolfe were conquering in the east, Abercrombie and young Lord Howe were leading seven thousand regulars and nine thousand provincials through the forests of the upper Hudson and over Lake George, against the French stronghold at Ticonderoga. On the 1st of July, an army of fifteen thousand was at the head of Lake George.

If Wolfe was the genius of the eastern campaign, Howe was of the north. He was a military Lycurgus, introducing sweeping reforms in the army. Ornament in dress was abolished. He caused the hair of his soldiers and officers to be cut short to prevent maladies engendered by wet locks. He shortened the muskets to make them more convenient in tangled woods, and had the barrels painted black to prevent discovery by their glitter.

He made his men wear leggins, like the Indians, to ward off the briars and insects, and forbade the carrying of all useless luxuries calculated to fatigue or encumber the troops on their long march. In all reforms, he set the example in person.

On July 5th, 1758, Abercrombie's army moved down Lake George in nearly eleven hundred bateaux and whale-boats, accompanied by artillery on rafts. Just at twilight they landed on a long, grassy cape for rest and refreshments after a sultry day. It was Saturday evening. The soldiers strolled over the cape, and Lord Howe spent hours in his tent in consultation with Stark and other provincials, who knew the country well, concerning the situation of Ticonderoga and the region between it and Lake George. A short time before midnight, they were re-embarked, and a most inspiring scene was presented. Howe, in a large boat, surrounded by rangers as a guard, led the van of the flotilla. The regulars occupied the centre, the provincials the wings. A starry, serene sky was above them, and not a breeze ruffled the waters sleeping quietly in the shadows of the mountains. Oars were muffled, and so silently did the army move over the waters in the darkness, that not a scout upon the hills observed them. Day dawned just as they were abreast the blue mountains, four miles from their landing-place,