A History of the People of the United States

expect to see those barriers which, in the language of our
adversaries, protect the industries of both countries broken
down, but we do hope to see justice done to all branches of
industry at home and in Great Britain, and, to avoid the evil
of encouraging one at the cost of the others, some stipulation
ought to be made to abolish prohibitory duties on each side.
We trust, therefore, that some such treaty will be made, and
when it is, we will refer the question of right to the decision
of the grain- and cotton-growing sections of the country.

As to the right to do this the argument was: the Presi-
dent, says the Constitution, shall have power, by and with
the consent of the Senate, to make all treaties, provided
nuocant aanour. and all treaties

leges may be and often are given to nations without the
payment of money. True it is that the House might im-
peach the President, but, as the Senate tries impeachments,
such a proceeding would be useless.

Discussion, having drifted from the question of fact to
that of constitutional right, gradually died away, but the
belief that the new President and his followers were plan-
ning an attack on the tariff in the interest of the South
remained unshaken, and received yet further confirmation
from the steadily growing excitement in the cotton States.

INDEX TO VOL. V.

Abbot, Jacob, 301.

Abolition. Laws of the free States,
114; of New York, 192; leaders,
209-212; press. 209-212; societies,
213; before Congress, 221-226.
Academies. Founding of, in Massa-
chusetts, 347.

Active, Case of the sloop, 403-406.
Adams, John. Election of, 423; death
of, 502.

new

On coloniza-
Adams, John Quincy.
tion, 46; nominated for President,
65, 66, 67, 68, 70-73; electoral and
popular vote for, 75, 76; Kremer's
charge of bargain, 78-79; elected
by House of Representatives, 79-
81; Cabinet of, 433; instructions to
our Minister to Spain, 435, 436;
message relative to Panama Con-
gress, 441, 442; comments on the
election of, 489-491;" corrupt bar-
gain charged, 491-494; Clay's re-
ply, 494, 495; Jackson countenances
charges, 497, 498; opposition to, in
498-501; extravagance
Congress,
charged, 502-504; Jackson's
charges, 505-508; action of State
renomina-
Legislatures, 508-515;
tion, 513; campaign of 1828, 514-
517; defeat, 517-520, note; on the
Pacific
elaims of Russia to the
coast, 20; instructions to Middle-
ton, 21.
Address. Washington's farewell ad-
dress, 427; extract from, on Euro-
pean alliances, 29; of Tennessee on
caucus, 60-61; of Virginia, 61-63; of
Pennsylvania, 63; of congressional
caucus, 64-65; wool manufacturers,
241; St. Paul Agricultural Society,
244; Charleston Chamber of Com-
merce, 244-245; Colleton District,
South Carolina, 245; Pennsylvania
Society for Promotion of Manufac-
tures, 246-247; Columbia meeting,
249; Harrisburg Convention, 250; of
Walterborough meeting, 256.
Administration party. 107.
Advocate. The working-man's early
labor newspaper, 100-101.
Advocate, The Christian, 274.
Africa. The slave-trade, 13-18: ves-
sels sent to stop the trade. 16.
Agrarian Working-men's party, 108.
Agriculture. First journal of, 275.

557

Aitken, Robert.

Prints first Ameri-
can Bible in English, 281-283.
Aix-la-Chapelle. Congress of, 35, 36.
Alabama. Resolutions of, on tariff,
253, 254; against tariff of 1828, 267;
removal of the Indians from, 539,
540.

Alaman, Secretary of State. Reviews
policy of the United States, 552,
553; advises prompt action in Tex-
as, 553, 554.
Albany.

Working-men's ticket, 107;
journey to, 130, 131; condition of,
232.

Alexander, Emperor of Russia. Origi.
nates Holy Alliance, 31.

Alliance, The Holy, 31-32, 37, 38, 39.
Alliances. Washington on, 29; Jef-
ferson on, 30.

Amendment to the Federal Consti-
By
tution. Election of President.
the people, 432; Jackson's propo-
sal, 496, 497; proposition in Con-
gress, 500; Tennessee's resolutions,
508, 509; New York's resolutions,
510, 511; Hartford Convention pro-
posal, 428, 429; cause and char-
acter of, 431, 432; proposed restric-
tions on terms of President, 429;
outline of proposed amendments,
429-432; suability of a State, 429;
prohibition of banks and commer-
cial monopolies, 429; defining direct
taxes, 429; officers and stockhold-
ers of United States Bank ineli-
gible to Congress, 429; jurisdiction
of the judiciary, 429; the eleventh
amendment, 429, 430; judges ineli-
gible to other offices. 430; submis-
sion of treaties to the House, 430;
recalling senators, 430; term of sen-
ators, 430; the twelfth amendment,
430; exclusion of foreign-born citi-
zens from Congress, 430; removal
of judges by address of Congress,
430; limit duration of embargo, 430;
creation of an impartial tribunal,
430; abolition of vice-presidency,
431; choice of President by lot, 431;
prohibition of titles of nobility,
presents, etc., 431: number and va-
of
riety
amendments proposed,
1810-20, 431; number and charac-
ter of proposals affecting the Presi
dent, 432; the eleventh, 402; Penn-

sylvania proposes, for impartial
tribunal, 406; the twelfth, 424; one
term for President, 428, 429.
American Law Journal. Founded, 273.
"American system.' Clay on, 236;
Webster on, 237-238, 240; Dr.
Cooper denounces the, 248.
Analectic Magazine. Established,
275, 276, note, 286; Irving editor
of, 292.

Anderson, John, 396.

Angle. The northwest of Nova Sco-
tia, 468-476.

Annapolis, Nova Scotia, 464.
Anecdotes of Western frontier life,
156-159.

Anti-democratic movement in Aus-
tria, 33; in Naples, 33; in Spain,
33-34; in France, 34; in Germany,
34-35; in Spain, 37-38; in Naples,
39; in Portugal, 39; congresses at
Troppau and Laybach, 39; Laybach
circular, 39; congresses of Vienna
and Verona, 43; France invades
Spain, 43-44.

Antimasons. William Morgan, 109;
his connection with D. C. Miller,
109-110; kidnapped, 111-112; excite-
ment over it, 113-114; rise of Anti-
masonic party, 114-116; Warsaw
Convention, 116; Utica Convention,
118; Legislature investigates, 119;
Utica Convention nominates Gran-
ger and Crary, 120; LeRoy Conven-
tion, 120.
Anti-protectionists.

Arguments of,
233, 234, 242-243; "South Carolina
Exposition," 263-267.
Antislavery. Leaders, 209-212; press,
209-212; literature, 212; societies,
213: work of Friends in North
Carolina, 214; in other States, 214;
slavery in the District of Colum-
bia, 220-221; petition for abolition
of slavery and slave-trade in Dis-
trict of Columbia, 222–226.
"Appeal from the judgments of
Great Britain," An. Controversy
over, 326-337.

Appointment. The Council of, in
New York, 384, 388.

Appointment of members of Congress
to office, 526, note; Jackson on,
496-498.

Argall, Samuel, 464.
Arnold, Benedict, 404.

Association for the Protection of In-
dustry and Promotion of National
Education, 100, 103.

Association of Working People, 105.
Astoria, 18, 25, 478.

Asylums. Deaf and Dumb, 365.
Aury, Don Luis. Heads rebellion in
Mexico, 5, 6.

Austin, Moses. Sketch of, 7. 8.
Austin, Stephen. Land grant, 8; at-
tempt to colonize Texas, 8-9; trou-
bles in Mexico delay his work, 9-
12: begins his colony, 12.
Austria. Emperor of, one of the
Holy Allies, 31; centre of revolu-
tionary movement. 33; at Troppan,
39; at Laybach, 39; crushes liberal
movement in Naples, 40.
Authors. Compensation of, 303, 304.

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Char-
tered, 144; description of, 146.

tions in South Carolina Legislature
on, 263; resolutions of Ohio against,
413; replies of other States, 413.
Banks. In New York city, 123; wild-
cat, in the West, 160-161.
Barataria. The Pirates of, 5, 7.
Barbour, James. Appointed Secre-
tary of War, 433.

Bargain and corruption. Charge
against Adams and Clay by Kre-
mer, 78-79, 489-513.

Barge. The safety of barges on the
Hudson, 130-131.
Barlow, Joel, 284.
Barradas, Isidore.

Commands Span-
ish expedition against Mexico, 542.
Barry, William T., Postmaster-Gen-
eral. Appointed by Jackson, 527.
Batavia-Morgan affair, 109-112.
Bell, Samuel, Senator. Delegate to
Harrisburg Convention, 250.
Bell's Weekly Messenger. On Mon-
roe Doctrine, 50.
Benton, Thomas H. Speech on occu-
pation of the Columbia, 24-27; land
bill, 173, 174; on Panama Congress,
449; favors purchase of Texas, 543.
Berrien, J. McP. On Panama Con-
gress, 447-449; appointed Attorney-
General, 520.

Beverley, Carter. Letter on Clay-
Adams bargain, 504-508.

Bible. First American editions, 281,
notes: action of Congress relative
to, 282, 283, note.

Bills of Rights. In early Constitu-
tions, 375.

Biography. Works of, 306.
Blackwood's Magazine.

Criticism of
the United States, 324, 325, 340,
341.

Blifi and Black George," 500.
Boatmen on the Mississippi, 167-168.
Boats. Description of safety barge,
130-131; of canal packet. 133-135;
on the Ohio, 152; Mississippi,
166.

Bolivar, Simon. Attempts to form a
union of South American republics,
433, 434.

Bonus bill, 147.

Books. For young women, 277, 278;
for children, 278; political literature,
278, 279; English books imported or
reprinted, 280-283: first American
editions of the Bible, 280-283, note;
new school of fiction, 283; novels of
C. B. Brown, 283, 284, note; stand-
ard American works, 284; Irving's
Knickerbocker "History of New
York." 291, 292: "Sketch Book,"
"Life of Columbus." 293; Mar-
shall's "Life of Washington," 293,
294, note: Temple Franklin's
"Life
of Franklin," ́ 293-296; Franklin's
works, 296, 297; Cooper's first nov-
el," Precaution,' 297, 298: "The
Spy." its success, 298, 299; "The
Leatherstocking Tales," 299, 300;
"The Pilot," 300; English praise

INDEX.

of, 300; contemporary writings, 301;
poetry and prose works of Bryant,
301-303; compensation of authors,
303, 304; Sparks's writings of Wash-
ington, and other works, 305, 306;
history and biography, 306.
Books, Text-.

Used in Massachusetts

schools, 346.
Booksellers, 280.

Boston, Magazines of. Number, 269;
titles of, 271, 273, 274; religious
journals, 274, note; The North
American Review, 276, 277.'
Boston Recorder and Telegraph, 274.
Boundary. The Alaskan, 20-23.
Boundary. The Southwest. Van Bu-
ren's instructions to Poinsett rela-
tive to, 542, 543; Administration
papers advocate purchase of Texas,
543-545; arguments of annexation-
ists, 545-547; arguments of oppo-
nents, 547, 548; opposition of Mex-
ico to sale of Texas, 551-554; nego-
tiations abandoned, 554; question
at issue, 459, 460; attempt to pur-
chase Texas from Mexico fails, 460,
461; Jackson's futile attempt to re-
open the question, 461-463. The
Northeast. Early history, 463; de-
termination of the St. Croix, 463-
467; question of "the highlands,"
467-473; award of the King of the
Netherlands, 473; resistance of
Maine and Massachusetts, 473–476;
further negotiations unsuccessful,
476, 477. The Northwest. Question

reopened, 477-479; joint occupation
continued, 479.

Boycott. On Kentucky produce, 257,
259; on tariffied articles, 259;
on Northern goods, 259; by Geor-
gia, 202.

Branch, John.

Appointed Secretary

of the Navy, 520.
Brant. Charged with complicity in
Morgan affair, 114.
Bravo, 12.

Breadstuffs. Export of, to Great
Britain in 1817, in 1826, 246.
Brearley, Chief-Justice, 396.
Bristed, John. Resources of the
United States, 319, 325.
British Colonies. Trade relations
with, 483-487.

British criticism: Early indifference
to, 307; new views of, 308, 309;
magazine warfare begun, 309; ar-
ticle in Quarterly Review, 309-312;
incited by Macon's report, 310; de-
picts character of the American
people, 311, 312; reply by Paulding,
312; reply by Dwight, 313; new ac-
counts by travellers, 313-315; com-
ments of the Quarterly Review,
315, 316; opinion of Franklin and
Fulton, 316, 317; Sydney Smith, in
Edinburgh Review, 317-319; Fear-
on's Narrative of a Journey."
320-321; Quarterly Review on life
in the United States, 321-324;
Blackwood's Magazine on lack of
education, 324, 325; British Review
on lack of literature, 325, 326;
Walsh's Appeal " controversy
continued, 326-337: Sydney Smith,
new article, 328-330: Everett's re-
ply, 335-337: Gifford's attack, 338,
339; other articles, 340–342.

559

British Review. Criticism of the
United States, 325, 326.

Brougham, John. On Monroe Doc-
trine, 47-48.

Brown, Charles B. Novelist, 283,
284, note.

Brown, Solomon. "Essay on Ameri-
can Poetry," 303.

Bryant, William Cullen. Early writ-
ings, 301; Thanatopsis,' 301, 302;
Essay on American Poetry," 302,
303; compensation of, 303.
Buchanan, James. Views on the
Panama Congress appropriation,
451, 456, 457; part in Jackson-Clay
controversy, 507, 508.

Burt, James. Labor candidate, 108.
Butler, A. Chargé d'affaires to Mex-
ico, 549; Van Buren's letter to, on
hostility of Mexico, 549-551; hopes
to secure Texas, 554.

Cabin. Western log cabins, 153.
Cabinet. Origin of, under Washing-
ton, 422, 423; under Jefferson, 425;
Adams's, 433; Jackson's, 520, 521;
McLean resigns Postmaster-Gener-
alship, 527; is succeeded by Wil-
liam T. Barry, 527.

Calhoun, John C. Named for Presi-
dent, 56, 60; for Vice-President, 67,
69; elected Vice-President, 75; vote
of, defeats tariff bill, 1827, 242;
prepares the South Carolina Ex-
position," 263-267; vote for, in
1828, 517, 520.

California. Russian settlements in,
18.
Canals. The Erie, 83; Erie opened,
132; celebration of, 132-133; jour-
ney to Buffalo by, 133-134; canal
boat described, 134-135; travel on
Erie, 135-136; effect of, 136; other
canals begun, 136-137; Pennsyl-
vania canals, 141-143.
Canning, 26; proposals as to Euro-
pean intervention, 44; his proposal
to Rush, 44; remonstrates against
South Carolina Negro Seaman Act,
201.

Carbonari. In Naples, 39.

Carey, Matthew. Delegate to Har-
risburg Convention, 250.
Castlereagh, Lord. On the slave-
trade, 14; proposal to the United
States, 15; death of, 43.
Catholics. Polls open to, 379.
Caucus. South Carolina nominates
Calhoun, 60; Georgia on congres-
sional, 60; Tennessee on, 60, 61;
other States on congressional, 61-
62: Virginia on, 62-63; Pennsyl-
vania on, 63; nomination of Craw-
ford and Gallatin, 64: address
of, 64-65; Ohio caucus nominates
Adams, 66.

Champlain. In Nova Scotia, 464.
Charity schools. In New York, 355-
356; in New Jersey, 357; in Penn-
sylvania, 359, 362; in Maryland,
362-363.
Charleston.
rection, 199-200.
Charleston Mercury. Letter in, on
secession, 259: on nullification, 261.
Charleston, South Carolina, Chamber
of Commerce on tariff, 1824, 243-
244; excitement over tariff of 1828,

Projected slave insur-

255; dinner to McDuffy, toasts at,
258; magazines at, 271.
Charters of early railroads. By New
Jersey, 138; by Pennsylvania to
Stevens, 139-140; Columbia, Lancas-
ter, and Philadelphia, 142; Mohawk
and Hudson, 143; Granite Railway
Company, Massachusetts, 143; five
by Pennsylvania, 144; Baltimore
and Ohio, 144; Chesterfield, Vir-
ginia, 145; South Carolina, 144, 145.
Chase, Samuel, 402.

Cherokee Indians. Trouble with
Georgia, 175-178, 537-540.
Chesebro, N. G. Morgan kidnapper,
111, 113.

Child, Lydia M., 301.

Children. Books and literature for,
277-278.

Chisholm vs. Georgia, 402.

Christian Advocate. The circulation
of, 274.

Christian Register, The. Founded, 274.
Chronicle, The London Morning, on
Monroe Doctrine, 48-49.

Church and State. Separation of,
379, 380.

Church property. The taxation of,

100.

Circuit rider, 159-160.

Circulation of magazines and news-
papers, 274.

Cities. Population of, 1825, 82; Al-
bany, 132, 133.

Clay, Henry. Efforts in behalf of
South American Republics, 41-42;
resolution offered on Monroe Doc-
trine, 51-52; Instructions to Poin-
sett on Monroe Doctrine, 53-54;
nominated for President, 66; in-
dorsed, 68; declines coalition with
Crawford, 69-70; contest over, in
New York Legislature, 72-73; vote
for, 74, 75, 76; attitude toward
Jackson, 77-78; Kremer charges
him with bargain and corruption,
78-79; Speaker of eighteenth Con-
gress, 231; speech on tariff bill of
1824, 234-237; reply of Webster,
237-240; attempt to mediate be-
tween Spain and South America,
434-440; attack in the House on
Clay's "American system, 453-
455; negotiations with Mexico over
boundary, 460, 461; charge of “cor-
rupt bargain,' " 489-494; reply, 494,
495; popularity of, 496; duel with
Randolph, 500; charges made in
Congress, 500, 501; Jackson counte-
nances charges, 497, 498; makes
new charges, 505, 506, 507; denial,
506, 507; action of Tennessee, 508,
509; Clay's pamphlet, 509, 510; ac-
tion of New York, 510, 511; action
of Kentucky, 512, 513.

Clearings' on the frontier, 154.
Clinton, De Witt. Nominated for
President, 66; removed from Canal
Commission, 71; elected Governor,
72: opens Erie Canal, 132–133.
Clinton, Governor George.
on schools, 352, 354.
Coahuila, Mexican state of. Texas
joined to, 12.

Message

Coal. Anthracite, discovery of, 127;
early attempts to market, 129; in-
troduced into New York and Phila-
delphia, 129–130.

Cohens vs. Virginia. Action of Vir-
ginia relative to, 414.

Coles, Edward, 189; attacks slavery,
189-190; struggle with slavery in
Illinois, 190–191.

Colleton District, South Carolina. On
the tariff, 245.

Colonies. British North American
and West Indian. Commercial war,
484-487.

Colonies. The Spanish-American.
Revolt, 35; Spain seeks European
aid against, 36; Monroe on dangers,
36-37; attempt to recognize inde-
pendence of, 41-42; European in-
tervention in affairs of, 44-45; Mon-
roe and Jefferson on, 45-46.
Colonization. The Monroe Doctrine
as to, 46, note.
Colonization. American Society for
Colonization of Free Blacks, 193;
work of, 193-194; seeks aid of Con-
gress, 206; Georgia on, 206–207;
State aid, 208; views of the States
on, 204.

Columbia College, 353.
Columbia, District of. Fugitive slave
laws, 219; slave-trade, 220-222; abo-
lition of trade asked, 222; before
Congress, 223, 226.

Columbia river. Occupation of, 18,
23-27.

Columbia Telegraph. Proposes legis-
lative exclusion of northern prod-
ucts, 256, 257.

Commerce. Commercial war with
British colonies, 483-487.

Committees of Safety. In the Revo-
lution, 373, 374.

Community of Equality, The, 93,

94.

Compact theory. "South Carolina
Exposition," 265, 266.

Comstock, Russell. Early labor re-
former, 101–102.

Congresses. At Aix-la-Chapelle, 35,
36; of Troppau, 39, of Laybach, 39,
43; Vienna and Verona, 43.
Congress, Continental. Advice to the
States, 374.

Congress, Members of. Appoint-
ments to office, 526, note.
Congress. Power of, over tariff,
State resolutions, 1828, 253, 254.
Congress, Provincial. In the Revolu-
tion, 373, 374.

Congress. Seventeenth Congress,
first session. P. P. Barbour chosen
Speaker. Opposed to protection, 231;
House of Representatives hostile
to protection, 231.

Seventeenth Congress, second ses-
sion. Monroe's message favors pro-
tection, but no bill passed, 231.

Eighteenth Congress, first ses-
sion. Clay again Speaker, 231;
House of Representatives organ-
ized favorable to a protective tariff.
231; Monroe's message again favors
protective tariff, 231; bill reported
in the House, 231, 232: petitions
and memorials, pro andcon, 1824.
232, 233; discussion in the House,
233-240: Hamilton's speech against.
234; Clay's speech in favor. 234-
237; Webster's reply, 237-249; divi-
sion of country over the bill, 240;
vote and passage of bill, 240; bill

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