Lien laws. Attempt to secure, 86. Lincoln, Benjamin, 465.
Lincoln, Levi. On schools, 346. Literature, American. British criti- cism of, 329, 341; Everett's defence of, 335, 336.
Literature. Lack of early, 268; age of political writing, 268, 269; age of magazines, 269; number and character of, 269-271; the new epoch, 272; medical journals, 272, 273; scientific journals, 273; legal magazines, 273; theological and re- ligious magazines, 273, 274, note; theatrical magazines, 275, note; ladies' magazines, 275, note; liter- ary magazines, 276, 277; books for young women, 277, 278; juveniles, 275, note, 278; political, 278–279; French influence on, 279, 280; Eng- lish books read, 280-283; Philadel- phia a centre for, 281-283, notes; new school of fiction, 283; diversity of early writing, 284; pessimistic view of American literature, 284, 285; optimistic view, 285, 286; Eng- lish influence upon American, 286- 290; Irving's writings and influence, 291-293; Marshall's Life of Wash- ington," 293, 294, note; Franklin's
Life and Writings," 293-297; Cooper's novels, success at home and abroad, 297-301; Cooper's liter- ury contemporaries, 301; Bryant's early verse, 301, 302; review of American poetry, 302; compensa- tion of authors, 303, 304; Sparks's work, 304-306; Quarterly Review's criticism, 315, 316, 323; Sydney Smith's criticism, 318; Blackwood Magazine criticism, 324, 325; Brit- ish Review's comments, 325, 326. Livingston, Edward, 475. Locomotive. Model of a steam loco- motive in Baltimore, 141; early kinds, 146, 147.
London. Newspapers of, on Monroe Doctrine, 48-50.
Long Island Sound. Steam naviga- tion, 130.
Long, Major. Description of the Northwest, 27, note.
Long, James. Leads an expedition in Texas, 6; establishes a republic, 7; fate of the expedition, 7. Longfellow, H. W. Early writings of, 301, 303.
Lotteries for schools. In New York,
353, 354; in Maryland, 363. Lotteries. Forbidden by New York, 388.
Louisiana. Grant to, for schools, 364; discussion over the admission of, 408-411.
Louisville, 166–167.
Lowndes, William. Named for Presi- dent, 56.
Lundy, Benjamin. Sketch of, 209; genius of universal emancipation, 209; meets Garrison, 210, 211.
Maclure, William. At New Harmony, 94.
Madison, James. On European in- tervention, 50-51; cited by Cal- houn, 266.
Magazines. Age of, 269; number and distribution of early, 269; a typical prospectus, 269, 270; character and contents, 270, 271; titles of, 2.1; the new epoch, 272; medical, 272, 273; scientific, 273; legal, 273; theo- logical and religious, 273, 274, note; theatrical, 275, note; juvenile, 275, note; musical, 275; ladies' journals, 275, note; the Port Folio, 276; the North American Review, 276, 277.
Magee, Lieutenant A. W. In Texas, 4. Maine. Disputed boundary, 463-
476; resistance to northeast bound- ary award, 473-476. Mallory, Rollin C., Representative. Member of Harrisburg Convention, 250; chairman of Committee on Manufactures, 251.
Manufactures. Investments in, in North and South in 1820, 229, 230; variety of industries in North, 229, 230; capital and number of workers in 1825, 230; committee on, in House of Representatives, 1823, 1824, 231, 232; 1827, 251; report of South Carolina, 252, 253; resolu- tions of Georgia, 253; resolutions of Alabama, 253, 254. Manufacturers. Petitions of, for pro- tective tariff, 232; competition of British, 240, 241; meeting of New England, in Boston, 1826, 241; com- mittee of, visit Congress, 242. Manumission Society of North Caro- lina, 214.
Map, Mitchell's, 464, 471. Marshall, John. Life of Washing- ton, 293, 294, note. Marshall, John. Influence of, 412. Mars Hill, 468–472.
Maryland. Status of free negro in, 185; wants more stringent fugi- tive slave laws, 217; Delaware and Pennsylvania comply, 218; schools in, character of, 362; Bal- timore religious and benevolent schools, 362, 363; beginnings of pri- mary system, 363; State seeks pub- lic lands from Congress, 363, 364; State legislation, 365, 366; dis- qualifications of Jews, 390-391; op- position of, to Conscript Bill," 412.
Mason, George, 395.
Masonic orders. Rivalry in Mexico, 540, 541.
Masons. Kidnapping of Morgan, 109- 112: trial of, 113-114: rise of anti- masonic party, 112-120. Massachusetts. Status of free negro in, 196-197. Massachusetts.
Seat of woollen manufactures. 241; vote of senators of, on tariff. 1827, 242: the common- school system of, 343-348; begin-
nings of, 343, 344; later colonial acts, 344; provision of constitution of 1780 and act of 1789, 344, note, 345; school-houses, 345; school tax, 345; the district school, 345, 346; in- troduction of text-books, 346; char- acter of teachers, 346; grammar schools decline, 346, 347; academies founded, 347, note; faults of the system, 347, 348; applies to Con- gress for advice, 374; Constitu- tional Convention, Webster on suf- frage, 388-390; proposed amend- ment limiting duration of embargo, 430, 431; opposition to suits against States, 402; refusal to furnish mili- tia, 407, 408; opposition to embargo, 411; calls Hartford Convention, 412; reply of, to Ohio's bank reso- lutions, 414; protest against north- east boundary award, 474. Medical Museum. Founded, 272. Medicine and Surgery, New England Journal, 272, 273.
Medical Journals. Early number, 269; early Philadelphia, 272; new journals, 272, note, 273.
Memorials to Congress. Protective tariff, pro and con, 1824, 232, 233; of New England woollen manufac turers, 1826, 241; Massachusetts,
increased protection to woollen
manufactures, 1826, 242; from vari- ous bodies in South Carolina against a protective tariff, 1827, 244, 245; Harrisburg Convention, 250, 251; its memorial referred to Committee on Manufactures, 251; tariff memorials from Northern States, 251; from Southern States, 251-254; from Ohio and New Jer- sey, 254; various tariff and anti- tariff, 254; protests of South Caro- lina, Alabama, and Georgia, 267; protest against jurisdiction of Fed- eral courts, 415.
Message. Origin of the President's annual, 424-425.
Methodist magazines, 272, 274, note; Zion's Herald, 274.
Metternich. His reactionary work in Naples, 33.
Mexico. Rebels against Spain, 3; Hidalgo, 3, 4; Gutierres, 4; Toledo, 4; Moselos, 5; Aury, 5; fate of the expedition, 6; Mina, 5-6; Long's Texas expedition, 6-7; Austin seeks a land grant, 7-8; rebels against Spain, 9; Iturbide, the plan of Igua- la, 9, 10; approved by O'Donojú, 10; the treaty of Cordova, 10; First Mexican Congress, 10; applicants for Texas land grants, 10; Iturbide proclaimed Emperor, 10; dismisses Congress, 11; colonization law, 11; Santa Anna rebels, 11; Iturbide ex- pelled, 12; constitution formed, 12; calls on the United States to en- force Monroe Doctrine, 53-54: inter- est in Panama Congress, 433, 434; United States urges suspension of expedition against Cuba, 438; in- structions of our Minister. 439, 440; fears French fleet, 439, 440; criti- cism of Administration's policy with, 445, 452, 453; boundary con- troversy with, 459-463; refusal to sell Texas, 460, 461; Jackson ad-
ministration futile attempt to re- adjust boundary, 461-463; rival ma- sonic parties in, and politics, 540, 541; insurrection in, 541, 542; Vau Buren opens negotiations with, for Texas, 542, 543; request recall of Poinsett, 549; Butler appointed chargé d'affaires to Mexico, 549; Van Buren's letter to, reviews hos- tility to Mexico, 549-551; popular opposition to sale of Texas in, 551, 552; Alaman, Mexican Secretary of State, reviews policy of United States, 552, 553; advises prompt action in Texas, 553, 554; passes law excluding citizens of United States from Texas, 554, note. Middle States. Industrial develop- ment of, 230. Middleton, Henry. Instructed as to our claims to Oregon, 21-22; con- cludes a convention, 22; instructed to ask Russia to interpose in behalf of Spanish colonies, 437-439. Milledgeville on tariff, 259. Miller, David C., 109; his connection with Morgan, 109-110, 111.
Mills, Lack of. In South, 228; in New England, 229; in Middle States, 230; increase in cotton and woollen, after tariff act of 1824, 240. Mina, Xavier, 5, 6.
Miner, Charles, Member of Congress. Efforts to abolish slave-trade in District of Columbia, 221–226. Mineralogical Journal, American. Founded, 273.
Mirror, The Thespian, 275. Mississippi river. Navigation of, 166; scenes on the river, 167-168. Mitchell, Dr. Samuel L., 291. Monroe Doctrine. Washington on our European relations, 29; Jeffer- son on, 30; Holy Alliance formed, 31-32; quadruple treaty, 32; liberal movements in Europe, 32-35; Con- gress of Aix, 35-36; revolt of Span- ish colonies, 35-36; Monroe on dan- gers from, 36-37, note; rebellion In Spain, 37-38; in Naples, 38-39; in Portugal, 39; Congresses at Trop- pau and Laybach, 39; the Laybach circular, 39; liberalism crushed in Naples, 40; United States recog- nizes independence of South Amer- ican Republics, 41-42; Congress of Vienna and Verona, 43; France invades Spain, 43-44; Canning's proposal to Rush, 44; Gallatin's letter to Chateaubriand, 44, note; Monroe consults Jefferson, 45-46; the doctrine announced, 46-48; re- ception of, in England, 47-48; Clay's resolution on, 51-52; instruc- tions to Poinsett. 53; Mexico calls on the United States to enforce, 53-54: Hayne's interpretation of the, 444; White's view of, 444, 445; Adams's and Clay's views of, at- tacked, 452-455; Buchanan's view of, 456, 457; Webster's presenta- tion of, 457-459. Monroe, James. Inaugurated, 1; makes Jackson Governor of Flor- ida. 1; action regarding the slave- trade. 16-18; Oregon message, 20; on dangers from Europe, 36-37; authorized to send Ministers to
South American Republics, 41; rec- ommends recognition, 42; Monroe Doctrine, 44-54; on internal im- provements, 148, 149; Indian policy, 178; message of, favoring protec- tive tariff, 231.
Monro, Timothy. His body mistaken for Morgan's, 117. Moose Island, 466, 467.
Morelos. Leads rebels in Mexico, 5. Morgan, William, 109; his book on masonry, 109-110; kidnapped, 111- 112; excitement over it, 113; Gov- ernor offers rewards, 113; trial of the kidnappers, 113-114; Morgan meetings, 114; charges against Brant, 114; and Lieutenant-Gover- nor of Upper Canada, 115; Antima- sonic party formed, 115; appeal to New York Legislature, 115-116; Warsaw Convention, 116; body of Timothy Monro mistaken for Mor- gan's, 117; appeal to Congress, 118; Legislature investigates, 119. Morris, Gouverneur. Life and writ- ings of, 306.
Moving day in New York, 122. Mules. Boycott on Kentucky, 257, 259, 262.
Murphy, Archibald D. Father of the common schools,' Murray's English Grammar," 284. Music. Journal of, 275.
Naples, 33; revolution in, 35-36; the Carbonari, 38; constitution granted, 39; Ferdinand called Laybach, 39- 40; Austria crushes liberal move- ment in, 40.
Napoleon. Action of the allies against, 32; returns from Elba, 00; the hun- dred days' campaign, 34. Nashoba. Founded, 97-98. Nashville, 166.
Negro Seaman Act, 200-204; resolu- tions of South Carolina, 417. Negro schools. In Philadelphia, 359, 360, 361.
Negroes, Status of the free. Free States, 184; in Delaware and Mary- land and Tennessee, 185; in District of Columbia, 186; in Virginia and South Carolina, 186; in Ohio and In- diana, 186-187; in Illinois, 187-188; the struggle for a pro-slavery Con- stitution, 188-191; New Jersey, 192; in New York, 192; work of the Col- onization Society, 193-194; feeling toward free negroes, 194-196; status in Massachusetts, 196-197; debates in New York Constitutional Con- vention, 198-199; projected insur- rection in South Carolina, 199-200; Negro Seaman Act, 200-204; Ohio on colonization, 204: Delaware on, 204; New Jersey, 204; Georgia on the Colonization Society, 206-207; South Carolina fugitive slave laws and kidnapping, 215-219: in the Dis- trict of Columbia, 219–222. Netherlands, 13, 15. New Brunswick.
formed, 466; Plaster of Paris Act, 484; trade with, 486.
New England. Industrial develop- ment of, 229; effect of tariff act of 1824. 240, 241: depression of woollen industry, 1826, 241; meeting of
woollen manufacturers at Boston, 241; the tariff of 1828 accepted by, 255; resistance to "Force Act,' 406, 407; refuses militia, 407, 408; vote on admission of Louisiana, 411; resistance to embargo, 411; to Conscript Bill," 411, 412.
New Hampshire. Applies to Con- gress for advice, 374; reply of, to Ohio's bank resolutions, 413. New Harmony, Indiana, 90-96. New Jersey. Resolution of, favor- ing tariff, 254; schools in, 356, 357; case of Holmes vs. Walton, 395, 396.
New Lanark. Owen's work at, 88-89. New York city. Free Enquirer estab lished, 99; Working men's Advo- cate, 100; rise of labor party in, 99-101; platform of the party, 99- 100, 100-101; Russell Comstock, 101-102; the Working-men's ticket, 102-103; trade societies disavow the Free Enquirers, 103-104; The Friend of Equal Rights and Daily Sentinel established, 106; labor ticket in, 107-108; population of 1825, 122; moving day, 122; new buildings, 122, 123; duties collected, packet lines, banks, 123; emigrants, 124; government, 124; street clean- ing. 124; fire department, 124-125; night watch, 125; curious ordi- nances, 125-126; gas introduced, 127; anthracite coal, 128-130; Schuylkill Company, 129-130; open- ing of Erie Canal, 132-133; maga- zines of, number, 269, 271; Society for establishing a Free School, 354-356; case of Rutgers vs, Wad- dington, 397; opposition to Federal law, 417.
New York. On caucus nomination, 61, 65: Albany regency, 70, 71; struggle in the Legislature over manner of choosing electors, 1824, 70-73; Owenite communities, 96; Free Enquirers and Working-men's party, 99-104. 105-107; convention at Salina, 107; Liberal Working- men's Party Convention at Syra- cuse, 108; Poor Man's party, 108; the Morgan affair, 108-112; excite- ment and trial of the kidnappers, 113-115; rise of Antimasonic party, 115-119; conventions at Utica and LeRoy, 120; vote polled, 120; open- ing of Erie Canal, 132–133; journey to Buffalo by, 133-134; trade of Erie Canal, 135-136; abolition of slavery, 192: restricts free negro voters, 198-199; tariff memorial of Legislature, 251; no common school, in colonial times, 352; Governor Clinton's message, 352; the Board of "Regents" established, 352, 353; Columbia College arouses op- position, 353; University of the State of New York established, 353; lotteries and other attempts to raise a revenue, 353, 354; appeals of Clinton and his successors, 354; legislation, 354; a New York city so- ciety incorporated. 354, 355; school- district system, 356; struggle for new constitution, 383-388; rights of property vs. rights of man, 383, 385-388; Council of Appointment
abolished, 384; Council of Revision, 384, 385; views of Chancellor Kent, 385, 386; of Martin Van Buren, 387; white suffrage, 388; negro suffrage, 388; white manhood suffrage, 392; resolutions of, election of Presi- dent, 510, 511; vote of, in election of 1828, 517, 518.
Newspapers, Early labor. The Advo- cate, 100-101; journals in the differ- ent States, 105-106; Daily Sentinel, 106, 107; Friend of Equal Rights, 106.
French, in America,
Delegate to Har- Niles, Hezekiah. risburg Convention, 250. Nobility, Titles of.
Amendment pro- posed by Congress, 431. North The. Industrial condition of, 1816-20, 229, 230; division of inter- ests of North and South, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 253, 254; po- sition of, on tariff of 1828, 255; boy- cott of, proposed, 256-259, 262. North American Clay Working-men's party, 108.
North American Review, The. Char- acter of, 276-277; reply to British criticism, 326, 331, 335-337, 339, 340.
North Carolina. Crawford's strength
in, 60, 68; in Pennsylvania, 69; re- port of Legislative committee on the tariff, 251, 252; schools in, char- 366, 367: educational acter of, movement for, 367, 368. Northwest Ordinance. Political ideas of, 378, 379.
Northwest Territory, Schools in. Dif- ficulties of establishment, 369, 370; universities and colleges, 370, 371. Northwest, The, 20-27.
Novels read in early part of century, 280, 283-284.
Nullification. Proposed by "Sidney," 261; resolutions proposed in South "South Carolina Legislature, 263: Carolina Exposition," 263-267; Ken- tucky resolutions, 403; Massachu- setts resists" Force Act," 406, 407; Message of Governor Trumbull, of Connecticut. 407: refusal of New England States to furnish militia, 407 408; resolutions of Massachu- setts on embargo, 411; resolutions of Maine and Massachusetts, 473- 476.
proposed amendment suggested by, 430.
Ordinance of 1787, 378. Ordinances.
Curious, in New York, 125-126; in Philadelphia, 126. Oregon. Prevost in, 18; Russians on the Pacific coast, 18; occupation of, discussed, 18-20, 21; the Russian ukase, 20; the Alaskan boundary, 21-23; no use for Oregon, 23-27; claims of United States and Great Britain, 477-479; debate in Con- gress over value of, 479 483. Osborn, Charles, 209, 212. Otis, James. Speech of, 395. Otis, Samuel Allyne, 523. Oven. The frontier Owen, Robert.
"154. out-oven, At New Lanark, 88; buys Harmony, 90; lectures on his plan, 90-91; the preliminary ciety, 92-93; community of equal- ity, 93-94; condition of New Har- mony, 94; dress reform at, 95; Dec- laration of Mental Independence, 95; effects, 95-96; failure of New Harmony, 96; Owenite communities elsewhere, 96-97; with Miss Wright founds Free Enquirer, 99. Owen, Robert Dale, 99, 103-104, 107. New Har- Owenite communities. mony, 90-96; Macluria, Feiba Pe- ven, 96; in other States, 96-97.
Packet lines from New York city, 124.
Painters' Society, New York City, 104.
Panama Congress.
tions of, 433; South American Min- isters confer with Clay relative to, 434; the United States formally in- vited to, 440; proposed programme, message and 440, 441: Adams's nomination of envoys, 441, 442; op- position to, in the Senate, 442-450; question of debate in open session, 442, 443; partisan attempt to cen- sure Adams, 442, 443: reasons for opposition to, 443, 444; Hayne's speech on the Monroe Doctrine, 444; White's views of the same and its application, 444, 445; pro-slav- 445-449; aroused, ery interests Hayne's speech, 445-447; White's speech, 447: Berrien on danger of the liberation of Cuba, 447. 448; Benton on recognition of Hayti, 448, 449; nomination of envoys con- debate in the firmed, 449, 450; House, 450-459; House calls for papers, 450, 451; resolution on ex- pediency of appropriating funds, 451; Webster's constitutional argu- Buchanan's ment. 451, Administra- resolution, 451, 452;
tion's policy attacked, 452-456; obli- gation of the House to make the appropriation, 456, 457; Webster's view of the Monroe Doctrine, 457- 458; appropriation bill passed, 459; failure of the Congress, 459. Pardoning power. 380.
Parties. Minor political parties. The Free Enquirers, 99–106: Working- men's party, 100-108; Antimasonic, 108-120.
Patterson, Justice, 401.
Paulding, James K., 301; reply to British criticism, 312. Peale's Museum. Gas in, 127. Pennsylvania. Anti-caucus address of, 63; nomination of Jackson, 67; charters a railroad, 139-140; com- mission to explore route from Philadelphia to the Ohio, 141-142; Canal Convention, 142; Board of Canal Commissioners, 142; work on canals begun, 141; railroad char- tered, 142-143, 144; fugitive slave law, 216-217; agitation in, in favor of an increased protective tariff, 1827, 245-247; Harrisburg Conven- tion, 250, 251; tariff memorial of Legislature, 251; schools in, provi- sions of early constitutions, 357; act of 1802, 357, 358; agitation for, 358, 359; free private schools, 359; Phil- adelphia the first school district, 359; controller's report, 359-361; negro schools, 360, 361; poor char- acter of country schools. 361, 362; defects of the system, 362; defiance of the Federal courts-Gideon Olm- sted case, 403-406; amendment pro- posed, 406; proposes amendment for impartial tribunal, 430. Peters, Judge, 405.
Petitions. Protective tariff, pro and con, 1824, 232, 233; of New England woollen manufacturers, 1826, 241. Philadelphia. Early labor strikes, 84; labor party in, 87-88; free schools in, 87-88; labor party, 104- 105; government of, 126; introduc- tion of gas, 126-128; anthracite coal, 129; railroad meeting, 141; magazines of, number of, 269, 271; medical, 272, 273; religious, 273, note, 274, note; theatrical and ju- venile, 275, notes; The Port Folio, 276, 286; the Analectic Magazine, 275, 276, note; Irving editor of, 292; a literary centre, 281-283; Medical and Physical Journal founded, 272; schools in, 359; at- tendance, 359, 360. Philanthropist, The, 209.
"Pilot," The. Publication of, 299, 300.
Pinckney, C. C. Anti-tariff toast proposed by, 258; other seditious toasts, 261.
Piracy. The United States makes African slave-trade piracy, 16. Pitcher, Nathaniel. Working-men's candidate, 107; Governor of New York, 118-119.
Plaster of Paris Act, 484. Platforms. Of the Working-men's party, 99-100, 101-102. Poetry, American. Review of, by Bryant, 302.
Poinsett, Joel R. Clay's instruction to, on Monroe Doctrine, 53; first Minister to Mexico, 439; instruc- tions of, 439, 440: opens negotia- tions with Mexico, 440; signs boundary treaty with Mexico, 461; installs a York lodge of Masons in Mexico, 540; renews negotiations for purchase of Texas, 542-543; re- call of, 549.
Political ideas. Of the forefathers, 373: in early State constitutions, 374-378; in Northwest Ordinance
and Federal Constitution, 378, 379; in new State constitutions, 379, 380; in the second decade of the century, 380, 381; the reforms in New York, 383-388, 392; in Massa- chusetts, 388-389; in Maryland, 390- 392; in Virginia, 392-393; changes of half a century, 393, 394; power of judiciary over legislative acts, 394; early State practice, 395-400; Federal practice, 400-406; relation between the State and the Fed- eral governments, 401-418; juris- diction of Federal Courts, 401- 406, 414-418; division of powers, 407-413; the Federal executive, ideas of convention, 418-421, 425, 426; changes effected, 422-425, 426- 428. Political literature, 278-279.
Polk, James K. Resolution on Pan- ama Congress appropriation, 455, 456.
"Poor Man's Party," 108.
Population. Of the States, 82; of cities, 82; of New York, 122. Port Folio, The. Character of, 276, 286.
Porto Rico. America fears transfer to Great Britain, 434-436; instruc- tions to our Minister to Spain, 435, 436; fear of South American inter- vention in, 434, 436, 437; the Ad- ministration attempts to mediate, 437-440.
Port Royal, Nova Scotia, 464. Portugal. Agreement as to slave- trade, 13, 14, 15; revolution in, 39.
Postage. Rates of, 533; trouble over the administration of the law, 533- 536.
Post-Office, The. Removal of post- masters by Jackson, 532, 533; growth of postal business, 533; rates of postage, 533, note; new ad- ministration of postal laws, 533, 534; arouses complaints, 534-536. Preliminary Society of New
mony, The, 92-93. Prescott, W. H., 304. President. Powers regarding slave- trade, 16; method of election, 420, 421; twelfth amendment, 424, 425; veto power, 421; speech or message, 422, 424: Cabinet and, 422, 425; term of, 425-427; no third-term tra- dition, 427, 428; proposed amend- ment to restrict terms of, 428, 429; the twelfth amendment, 430; for abolition of the vice-presidency, 431; choice of, by lot, 431; num- ber and character of proposed amendments, 432; Adams's elec tion," corrupt bargain' charged, 489-494; Clay's reply, 494, 495; Jackson letter and speeches, 492- 496; Jackson renominated by Ten- nessee, 496, 497; amendment pro- posed. 497, 500; Jackson's charges, 504-508: Tennessee proposes amend- ment, 508; New York's resolutions, 510, 511; Adams renominated, 513; the campaign of 1828, 513-517; the vote, 517-520, note. Presidential Election of 1824. Lowndes and Calhoun nominated, 56; Jackson nominated, 57; feeling
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