from 6 to 12 ounces, while that of the saline solution injected hypodermically or into the vein should be very large, from twenty ounces to three quarts. With an injection of 15 ounces no reaction takes place, but above that amount the pulse becomes full, the tension increases, the temperature rises to the fifth hour after the injection. Diuresis becomes abundant, and the elimination of urea and the chlorides is rapidly increased.

In concluding, M. Reynaud said that he prefers the hypodermic injection to that done through the veins; the results are less rapid, but just as complete and as durable. -Medical Age.

ABDOMINAL RELAXATION A PROBABLE FACTOR IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF GALL-STONES.-J. S. Meyer (St. Louis Medical Review, Dec. 5, 1900,) says that visceral ptosis consequent upon abdominal relaxation and other causes results in stagnation of the bile through interfering with its normal expulsion.

The inactivity of the gall-bladder and stagnation of the bile predispose the mucous membrane to infection.

This infection may be either hematogenic, through the portal system, etc., or an ascending infection from the duodenum.

This results in a catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane, an albuminous exudate, and the exfoliation of epithelial cells. (According to Naunyn, the addition of albumin to the bile produces a copious precipitation of the stone-forming elements).

This precipitate, with clumped bacteria and degenerated cell masses as nuclei, forms biliary calculi.

SUGGESTIONS ON THE TREATMENT OF WHOOPING-COUGH.— H. F. Thompson, in the Philadelphia Medical Journal, Jan. 12, 1901, calls particular attention to heroin in the treatment of this disease. This drug allays cough and eases respiration, but increases their force and the volume of inspired air. It also exerts a distinct influence in allaying dyspnoea. The explanation of its beneficial ac

tion is as follows: The mucus accumulates on the posterior laryngeal wall supplied by the laryngeal nerve (the nerve cough), irritating this nerve aud producing most intense cough. If these paroxysms can be aborted by

the removal of the mucus from this area, we render the patient less liable to fall a victim to the serious complications of the second stage, and from the antispasmodic and expectorant qualities of heroin we get the desired results.-Medical Record.

WORTHY OF HIS HIRE.-A stranger got off the street car, and accosting a newsboy asked him to direct him to the nearest bank.

"This way," said the newsie, and turning the corner, pointed to a sky-scraper just across the street.

"Thank you, and what do I owe you?" said the gentleman, pulling a penny out of his pocket.

"A quarter, please."

"A quarter! Isn't that pretty high for directing a man to the bank?"

"You'll find, sir," said the youngster, "that bank directors are paid high in Chicago."-Chicago Tribune.

SURGICAL HINTS.-In burns about the neighborhood of the joints, keep the limb flexed if the burn is on the extensor side, and extended if the flexor side is affected.

In burns of the face where the nose is badly affected, it is often a good idea to pass pieces of rubber drainage tubing up the nostrils in order to prevent closure during cicatrization.

In a phlegmonous inflammation of the phalanx it is well to cut down to the bone, but if the middle or first phalanx is affected, it is better surgery to avoid going through the sheath of the tendon.-International Journal of Surgery.

PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY.-G. Frank Lydston, in the International Journal of Surgery, recommends total resection of the spermatic cords as a substitute for both

castration and vasectomy in the treatment of prostatic hypertrophy. He gives the following reasons:

It producess less traumatism, a very important item in old men.

There is less danger to the kidney, because of minimized shock.

The testes not being removed, there is none of the psychic disturbance incident to a consciousness of the loss of the testes.

Cocain may be more safely used.

The subsequent shrinking of the testes is so gradual that little complaint is made.-Medical Sentinel.

MALARIA AND MOSQUITOES.-According to the International Medical Magazine for December, Tomaschewitsh opposes the latest theory about the transmission of malaria by mosquitoes by the following facts:

"In Africa there are malarial districts in which no mosquitoes are found. In Northern and Central Russia mosquitoes are absent for 9 months in the year, and yet malaria is prevalent during the entire year. In the Russian army malaria was especially prevalent in the fall of 1897. Among the soldiers stationed in Vladimir there occurred 833 cases of malaria during 1897, 1898 and 1899. Of these 72 cases occurred in January, 72 in February, 70 in March, 88 in April, 104 in May, 74 in June, 70 in July, 51 in August, 57 in September, 47 in October, 53 in November, and 98 in December. Charlotte Medical Journal, July, 1901.

SANDER & SONS' Eucalyptol (pure Volatile Eucalypti Extract.)— Apply to Dr. Sander, Belle Plaine, Iowa, for gratis supplied sample and literature of Sander's Eucalyptol. It is invaluable in inflammations of the mucous membranes and in all septic and infectious diseases. Meyer Bros. Drug Co., St. Louis, Mo., sole agents.

NEW ORLEANS POLYCLINIC.-Physicians will find the Polyclinic an excellent means for posting themselves upon modern progress in all branches of medicine and surgery. The specialties are fully taught, particularly laboratory work. Fourteenth annual session opens November 12th, 1900. For further information, address Dr. Isadore Dyer, Secretary New Orleans Polyclinic, New Orleans, La.

Editorial.

DEATH OF W. D. HAGGARD, SR., M. D.,

Emeritus Professor of Gynecology and Diseases of Children in the Medical Department of the University of Tennessee.

Dr. W. D. Haggard, Sr., died in Columbia, Tenn., at 5 P. M., Jan. 25, 1901, from a stroke of paralysis.

Dr. Haggard was born at New Market, Marion county, Ky., Oct. 17, 1826. He was educated at the Academy at Lebanon, Ky. As a boy his great ambition was to be a physician, and he bent every effort to that end. His father died when he was only 11 years of age, leaving him, the eldest son, to assist his mother in the management of a large plantation. As a young man he clerked in a store, tanght school and afterwards became Tax Assessor of Marion county at the early age of 19. He continued these occupations until he had earned enough money to give him a medical education, which he began in 1847. He first attended the University of Louisville, and graduated from the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia in 1851.

He located immediately at Gallatin, Tenn., and soon established himself. He continued there until after the war. He had the distinction of doing the most extensive practice ever done in that populous section of the State.

He moved to Davidson county in 1864, and lived for a number of years at his farm on the Hillsboro pike, known as Sharon Hill. He developed a large quarry of fine stone there, from which some of the handsomest buildings in this city were built. In 1875 he moved to this city, and during his first year of residence became connected, as an instructor, with the Medical Department of the University of Nashville and Vanderbilt University. In 1884 he was chosen to fill the chair of Diseases of Women and Children in the Medical Department of the University of Tennessee, which chair he has occupied until only recently, when he resigned in favor of his son.

He has been a continuous member of the Tennessee Medical Society for half a century, and was a delegate to the American Medical Association at one of its most famous meetings in St. Louis, with Drs. W. K. Bowling, Paul F. Eve and J. Berrien Lindsley, in 1859. He was elected Chairman of the Section on Diseases of Children of that Association at its meeting in New Orleans in 1887.

In 1889 he was instrumental in organizing the Southern Surgical and Gyneological Association, and was honored with its first