in May, 1862, decided "to take immediate steps to supply with Christian instruction, by means of missionaries and teachers, the emancipated slaves, whether in the District of Columbia or in other places held by our forces, and also to inaugurate a system of operations for carrying the Gospel alike to bond and free throughout the whole southern section of our country, so fast and so far as the progress of our arms and the restoration of order and law shall open the way."

The Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln, issued in September, 1862, to take effect Jan. 1, 1863, gave new impulse to the Society's efforts. The fulness of the times had come, and men girded themselves for the great undertaking. Honored and devoted men offered their services to teach the negroes, and money began to come in for the work. Voluntary organizations in New England and elsewhere co-operated in raising funds and sending missionaries to the South. In September, 1863, the Board asked for designated funds for this work, and decided to appoint "assistants to our missionaries in the South, to engage in such instruction of the colored people as will enable them to read the Bible, and to become self-supporting and self-directing churches."

In January, 1865, Congress passed an Act pro. hibiting slavery in the United States. In April, 1865, Lee surrendered at Appomatox. Five days later Lincoln was assassinated. The Society's annual meeting in May, 1865, was a memorable one in view of the great opening in the South, and the positive and progressive policy then adopted to press vigorously its work among the emancipated millions. The Society decided "in all wise and feasible ways to promote "the evangelization of the freedmen, and to aid them in the erection or procurement of church and school edifices when requisite," and to employ "well qualified and faithful preachers, colporteurs, and teachers, male and female," for this work.

WHERE WORK WAS BEGUN.

In 1862, the first year, laborers were sent to St. Helena Island and to Beaufort, S. C. But a few points occupied by the Union forces were open to the Society's missionaries until 1864 and 1865. In 1864 the Society had appointees at Washington, D. C.; at Alexandria and Norfolk, Va.; at Washington, N. C.; at Beaufort, Port Royal, and Helena, S. C.; at Nashville, Memphis, and Island No. 10, Tennessee; in Mississippi, and at New Orleans, Louisiana. Many other important points were occupied from 1865 onward. Thirty-five missionaries, with sixty-two assistant missionaries, labored exclusively among the freedmen during 1865-6, and reported in the schools under their care 4,000 pupils. Nearly every missionary devoted a part of his time regularly to the instruction of the colored people, but particularly to the education of the colored ministers.

in 1864, aspired to become the special organization of the denomination for this work of Christian education for the freedmen, and proceeded to send teachers to Richmond, Washington, and other points. For a time there seemed danger of serious divisions, but in 1869 an amicable adjustment was reached, the "Institute" discontinued its operations, and the American Baptist Home Mission Society thenceforth became the recognized agency of the denomination for this work of Christian education for the freedmen.

GROWTH AND PROGRESS.

The work not only grew to vast proportions among the four millions of ignorant, degraded beings, but soon took on new aspects. The need of established schools became apparent. School properties were purchased in 1865 at Nashville, Tenn., in 1866 at Washington, D. C., and Raleigh, N. C.; the National Theological Institute transferred to the Society its property at Richmond in 1869; property was acquired in Augusta, Ga., and arrangements effected for a site and building at New Orleans, La., the same year; in 1870 a site and buildings were obtained at Columbia, S. C., and a new site and building at Raleigh, N. C.; in 1871 a new site and building at Washington, D. C.; in 1874 a new site and building at Nashville, Tenn.; in 1877 grounds and a building were purchased from the Government at Natchez, Miss.; in 1879 the school was transferred from Augusta to Atlanta, Ga., where a new site and a new building had been provided by the Society; in 1880 grounds and buildings were procured at Marshall, Texas; in 1880 the schools started by the colored people at Selma, Ala., and Live Oak, Fla., were adopted by the Society, as also in 1881 the school begun by the colored people at Louisville, Ky.; in 1882 a new site was procured at Jackson, Miss., and the school removed from Natchez to the new building in 1884; in 1882 a new site at Atlanta, where now Spelman Seminary is domiciled; a location secured the same year near Muskogee, Ind. Ter., for the Indian University; and the following year the school for the Creek Freedmen at Tullehassee, Ind. Ter., and the school at Monterey, Mexico, were opened. There is a good institution for every one of the old slave States except Delaware, Maryland, and Arkansas. In the latter State a school at Little Rock is in its incipiency. Eight of these institutions are at the seats of State Capitals and one at the National Capital.

To summarize: In 1872 the Society had 7 schools under its fostering care; in 1879 it had 8; in 1884 the number had grown to 17. In 1879 there were about 17 school buildings; there are 36 now, 13 of which are large, substantial structures erected in seven years.

In 1872 there were about 800 pupils; in 1879, 1,041; in 1866, 3,326, among whom were 376 students for the ministry. The development has been

VALUE OF SCHOOL PROPERTIES; OTHER

EXPENDITURES.

The valuation of school properties is as follows: Wayland Seminary, $40,000; Richmond Theological Seminary, $20,000; Hartshorn Memorial College, $35,000; Shaw University, $125,000; Benedict Institute, $35,000; Atlanta Seminary, $20,000; Spelman Seminary, $50,000; Florida Institute, $7,000; Selma University, $15,000; State University, Ky., $18,000; Roger Williams University, $85,000; Jackson College, $30,000; Leland University, $85,000; Bishop College, $30,000; Indian University, $27,000; Tullehassee School, $6,000; Monterey School occupies basement of the church. The aggregate valuation of school properties and fixtures is about $630,000. There has passed through the Society for these objects about $400,000. In addition the Society has paid for teachers' salaries about $450,000 and for incidental expenses probably not less than $75,000. The expense for teachers' salaries, taking an average of three years, is not far from $56,000 per annum.

WHERE THE MONEY CAME FROM.

From 1862 to 1873 the Society solicited contributions specially designated for the "Freedmen's Fund,” and out of these, teachers' salaries were paid and property secured. After 1873 teachers' salaries were paid the same as other missionaries' salaries, from the general fund, but property was secured and buildings erected chiefly from designated funds. One of the Lord's anointed women, a resident of New York, and her husband, the latter now deceased, have given for these specific purposes about $60,000; another woman, of Pawtucket, R. I., likewise devoted, has given about $45,000, including $27,000 for endowment; a brother in Wales, Mass., $5,000; another in Springfield, Mass., $4,000; another in Brattleboro, Vt., $10,000; a brother in Brooklyn, N. Y., about $140,000, including $95,000 by gift and from his estate for endowment (none of this, however, passed through the Society's treasury); another of North Adams, Mass., $5,000; two sisters in Hampden, Mass., $12,000; a brother in Stamford, Conn., about $35,000, including $25,000 for endowment; another in New York City, about $65,000, including $25,000 for endowment; and another, formerly of Providence, now of Newton Centre, about $26,000. Many have contributed from $1,000 to $3,000 for these specific objects; while thousands have made their regular offerings for the maintenance of these great Christian enterprises. Generous legacies have also furnished resources for this work. The colored people have raised, apart from the Society's efforts, about $50,000 property and teachers, chiefly for the schools at Selma, Louisville, Live Oak, and Marshall.

for

The Society received only $31,500 from the Freedmen's Bureau, while the head of that Bureau showed his partiality, which might be technically but not morally defended, by appropriating to a Pedobaptist organization of which he was Fresident, and which

had almost no representation among the colored people, over $200,000, besides favoring it in other respects.

Illustrious in the annals of American Baptist Home Missions are and ever will be the names of those who have contributed so largely to provide Christian education for the unfortunate millions of the South: Nathan Bishop and Mrs. C. C. Bishop; Mrs. B. A. Benedict; Jacob Estey; Elijah Shaw; C. T. Sampson; Holbrook Chamberlain; Joseph B. Hoyt; John D. Rockefeller; the Misses Leonard; Gardner Chilson; Abner Coburn; J. C. Hartshorn; O. H. Greenleaf; Timothy Merrick.

The total valuation of school property now held by the Society is $300,000; the amount of endowment held by the Society, $84,332; the amount held by Boards of Trustees, $95,000. The whole amount received by the Society for all these is compurposes puted at not less than $1,000,000; and the grand total contributed by the Baptists of the North through the Society and through other channels is computed at $1,200,000. The white Baptists of the South have contributed so far as known, less than $10,000 to this work.

In matters of administration, mention should be made of the eminent service rendered by Dr. J. S. Backus, sole Corresponding Secretary of the Society through the troublous times from 1862 to 1867, during which period the policy of the Society was determined and the foundations of its work for the freedmen were laid; of Dr. J. B. Simmons, who from 1867 to 1874 was Associate Corresponding Secretary, and through whose special attention to this department of the Society's work, for most of this period, new schools were established and a marked impulse was given to the work; of Nathan Bishop, LL.D., and Dr. S. S. Cutting, Secretaries subsequent to 1874. Of the present administration since 1879, others may speak in the days to come.

THE PROBLEM: ENDOWMENTS NECESSARY.

The problem now is, how these growing institutions are to be maintained. They must meet the demands of the advancing intelligence of the colored people, must have better equipment, still abler instructors, or they will become of little account. The colored people are too poor to maintain them by their scanty offerings. Academies, colleges, theological seminaries, everywhere require endowment for their support. These schools are not an exception. While the contributions of individuals and churches are needed even more than ever, yet only by endowments of professorships can efficiency and stability be secured to these important enterprises. Ten such professorships of $25,000 each, aggregating $250,000, would place these schools beyond immediate peril, though even this amount is less than many a single college or theological seminary at the North has for its own uses. The Society will receive such funds in trust until such time in the future as may seem wise and

safe to transfer them to boards of chartered institutions.

CHARACTER OF THESE SCHOOLS: RESULTS.

to

These are missionary institutions. All teachers are professing Christians, most of whom go to their work with the same consecrated spirit as those who go labor in India or Africa. Direct effort for the conversion of impenitent students results every year in the conversion of a large number. The formation of right Christian character is an uppermost aim in all these schools. The use of tobacco and of intoxicants

is strictly prohibited. The Bible is a daily text-book, studied like other books. Missionary societies exist in all these schools and for years the missionary spirit for the evangelization of Africa has been kindling. Several former students have already gone to Africa; many more are preparing to go. These institutions we regard as the great hope of Africa's evangelization by her own children in America.

Industrial instruction is given in nearly every school. Spelman Seminary and Hartshorn Memorial College are institutions solely for young women. The Leonard Medical School at Shaw University is proving very successful in providing well-trained colored physicians for the colored people. Its faculty consists of the best white medical talent of Raleigh, and instruction and examinations are very thorough. The Richmond Theological Seminary is for the higher and more thorough education of advanced students for the ministry.

The general results of this great work among the colored people of the United States cannot be stated in figures. It is estimated that about 8,000 students have enjoyed the benefit of these institutions. They have had a marvellously uplifting influence upon their own people. Thus in one association of forty churches in North Carolina, all the pastors, except two, have been students in Shaw University. Two hundred and ten churches in that State have had as pastors those who studied in these schools. These students go forth as champions of temperance, as correctives to existing errors and irregular practices in the churches; some are editors, some officers in missionary organizations, and several are instructors in these institutions-about twenty five colored teachers being now under the Society's appointment. Great has been the work wrought; great are the present demands on us; great is the promise if these Christian institutions are properly sustained.

Names of Schools, Presidents, &c.

The names of these institutions, their locations, when founded, and when incorporated, together with the names of presidents and the length of service in connection therewith, are as follows:

I. INCORPORATED INSTITUTIONS.

1. Richmond Theological Seminary, Richmond, Va., founded 1867, incorporated 1876; Chas. H. Corey, D.D., 19 years.

1. Wayland Seminary, Washington, D. C., founded 1865; G. M. P. King, D.D., 18 years.

2. Benedict Institute, Columbia, S. C., founded 1870; Rev. C. E. Becker, 5 years.

3. Jackson College, Jackson, Miss., founded at Natchez, 1877, transferred to Jackson, 1883; Rev. Chas. Ayer, 10 years.

4. Spelman Seminary, Atlanta, Ga. (for females only), founded in 1881; principals, Miss S. B. Packard, Miss H. Giles, 6 years.

5. Creek Freedmen School, Tullehassee, I. T., founded 1883; G. E. Burdick, Ph.D., Sup't, I year.

6. International School, Monterey, Mex., founded 1883; under the supervision of Rev. Thos. M. Westrup; Antonio Garcia, principal.

Besides these higher grade institutions, there are mission day-schools, maintained chiefly through the means provided by the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society (Boston), in Salt Lake City, Utah; at Santa Rosa, Mex.; and Tahlequah, I. T. There are also mission night-schools for the Chinese in Oakland, San Francisco, and Fresno, Cal., conducted principally by missionaries of the Society.

*D. W. Phillips, D. D., Theological Professor (late President), 22 years.

Wayland Seminary.

WASHINGTON, D. C.

The Richmond Theological Seminary. RICHMOND, Va.

G. M. P. KING, D.D., PRESIDENT.

Wayland Seminary has enrolled 137 students this term; 81 men and 56 women. There are seven teachers in the Institution, among the number one colored man, a former student here.

About forty of the young men are preparing to be ministers. Ten of our students hope to go to Africa, as missionaries. We have an efficient Missionary Society, and sustain a monthly Concert that is a real power in strengthening faith, and in quickening zeal. All our students are expected to teach, and they are trained with this end always in view. They are not taught for their own sakes, but for the sake of the long lines back of them. Of our last class of twentythree, all are doing excellent work.

The young women are trained in the art of good house-keeping, and every week they are obliged to show that they can turn their training to good ac

count.

We have not room to do all that ought to be done in the industrial training, but a good beginning has been made. A course of lectures on "How to Care for the Sick," will begin next month, and in this way we hope to send out good nurses.

Our students are earnest in the cause of temperance, and know the right use for tobacco. Fortunately moths and vermin do not infest the place and so our students have no use for tobacco. We hear of the grand work our graduates are doing in the temperance reform.

A Christian principle among the students has never had happier illustrations than have been seen this term. The religious meetings have been refreshing, and seven of the students have professed regeneration. The Bible comes in for a prominent place in all our instruction and study. All our students are required to commit the Scripture lesson assigned for the Monday morning exercise. If students do not show that they have Paul's measure for a minister of the Gospel, they are regarded as uncalled. There are less than ten students in the school who have as yet neglected to seek Christ.

The government of the school is not so difficult as it might reasonably be expected to be. Students share in the responsibility of maintaining good order, and so aid in cultivating a public sentiment that sets itself most decidedly against everything that would destroy the happiness of the place, or hinder progress in study.

We could hardly ask to hear better things than come to us from a majority of our graduates. Meeting houses are dedicated free of debt-schools are established-literary societies are organized-the temperance reform is pushed forward-beginnings for public libraries are made, and thus an advance is made all along the lines of every good work.

C. H. COREY, D.D., PRESIDENT.

What was formerly known as the Richmond Institute is now the Richmond Theological Seminary. The Faculty consists of four, two of whom are colored. The giving up of the academic and the normal departments has of course made it necessary to change the nature of the studies. This has naturally diminished the number in attendance. Last year there were nearly sixty ministers in attendance. This year the number is about the same. One of these is from Texas, one from the West Indies, and one from the Congo in Africa.

Our young men are active in religious and missionary work in the city and in the surrounding

country.

The students of this school have always taken a deep interest in missionary work in Africa. The first missionary that went to that land since the close of the war was a student of the Richmond Institute, and for years the institution has had a representative in the foreign field. The Baptist Foreign Mission Convention of the United States of America was founded through the labors of a former student of this school, and the efficient Corresponding Secretary of this organization was formerly a student (but is now a Professor) in this Institution. Five from the school have entered the foreign field, and there are thirteen young men now here who hope to labor as

missionaries in Africa.

In the cause of temperance our young men are exerting a wide influence. They are all committed to total abstinence. A former student (but now a Professor) in this Institution is Grand Chief Templar of the Grand Lodge (Dual) of Virginia. He is also President of the Third District Temperance Alliance, by the voice of the white as well as the colored people of the State. In view of his distinguished services in the cause, the lodges of Richmond and vicinity recently presented him with a magnificent regalia.

Hartshorn Memorial College.
RICHMOND, Va.

REV. L. B. TEFFT, PRESIDENT.

Enrollment this year, 94; of whom 51 have been boarders and 43 day pupils. Professors of religion at time of entrance, 74; Baptists, 67; Methodists, 4; Presbyterians, 3; unconverted, 20, of whom 3 have since professed conversion. Of the unconverted pupils four are boarders. Students from Virginia, 85; from West Virginia, 4; from Pennsylvania, 2; from North Carolina, 1; from South Carolina, I; from Indian Territory, I.

The work and inward life of the institution this year nearly reproduce the two preceding years. The religious interest is perhaps not quite as fervent, but the conversion of three pupils at different times shows that the work of the Holy Spirit continues. The growth in substantial Christian character in a good percentage of the pupils is altogether satisfactory.

Industrial instruction receives the entire attention of one teacher, whose salary is paid by the John F. Slater Fund. The aim of this department is especially to fit the young women for the care of their own houses and families. They are taught in the general principles and methods of house-keeping, in sewing and in the cutting and fitting of garments, and in cooking. No reader of this MONTHLY has better bread upon her table than is made by some of these colored pupils.

"Not to be ministered unto but to minister and to give His life a ransom for many." The spirit of the work and its measure of success may be seen by some illustrations.

Fanny has collected in a private house, and superintends, and with the aid of Maud and Mattie T.. conducts a Sunday school of fifty members and upwards. It is well conducted. The same Fanny meets weekly the same pupils, except a few of the larger boys, to instruct them in sewing. The same Fanny assists every Saturday, in another sewing school, conducted by the city missionary.

Celestine teaches a class of twelve girls of about her own age in the colored orphan asylum.

Maud, Ollie and Mattie T., go Sunday forenoons to the asylum for the poor. They first teach in a Sunday school, and then go to the wards for Bible reading and prayer. "To-morrow is Sunday," said some of the poor women, recently, "and then the girls will be here." That seemed the one bright spot of the week.

Ollie, assisted by Matilda, Cora and Celestine, maintain for the children of the neighborhood a weekly sewing school, with an attendance of fifty-nine.

Mattie M., Florence and Victoria, in the Christmas vacation, at Mattie's home, called and conducted an enthusiastic temperance meeting, at which Mattie read an original address. They received twenty signatures to the temperance pledge.

During the last summer vacation Amanda and Fanny W. organized at Charlottsville à temperance society, which now numbers ninety-six.

Eliza, a graduate of last year, now teaching in the country, has organized a Sunday school and a sewing school.

Carrie, teaching in the country, conducts a large Sunday school gathered and organized by herself.

In educational matters everything is alive and progressive in North Carolina. Numerous private schools and academies are springing up in all parts of the State, taught by former students of this insti tution, and the question is forced upon us, how to encourage and assist in developing these schools, and at the same time maintain our own work without suffering seriously in the diminution of numbers or in the amount of income from our school. The matter in time will adjust itself. Already the beneficial effects of these schools can be seen, as a smaller number of students in the lower grades have entered our school this year, while a larger number of ad. vanced students have been enrolled, and it is by no means certain yet that there will be any decrease in numbers in the male department compared with previous years.

In the theological class there is an enthusiasm we have seldom seen. Dr. Skinner gives his whole time to Biblical studies, and his long experience as a pastor, his originality, his broad and sound learning, and acquaintance with the wants of the colored people, enable him to interest and greatly benefit his students.

The new medical class is larger and superior in talent to that of previous years. An impetus has been given to medical education in consequence of the success that has attended the class which gradu. ated last spring, all of its members having entered into a good practice in some of the chief cities and towns in the South. Several of our older students, and among the best scholars we have ever graduated, have returned to take a four years' course in medicine.